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Therefore I'll rejoice and sing

Hymns to God, in sacred measure,

Who to happy pass will bring,

My just hopes at his good pleasure." The late Lord Aston printed a pleasing volume of Select Psalms in Verse, which was published by Hatchard in 1811, in which he gave a version of the 137th Psalm by Loveling, that seems to me wanting in simplicity. I will take this opportunity to mention that Loveling was the author of the volume of Latin and English Poems, by a Gentleman of Trinity College, Oxford, Lond. 1741, 12mo., which appears to be a reimpression of that in 4to., 1738, about which R. H. has a Query in Vol. i., p. 215.

the

son.

May I venture to add a Query to your correspondent RT.? Is the Portuguese version of the 137th Psalm by Camoens, to which he refers, poem styled "Redondillas?" And, if so, is it not rather an expanded paraphrase than a version? Little or nothing is known about Francis DaviI have a copy of Horace, by Chabot, printed at Basle in 1589, bearing his autograph, with the date 1593, and the motto, "Lætitia juvenem frons decet tristis senem," most beautifully written. The unhappy fate of his father seems to have cast a shade of melancholy over his sensitive mind, which is evident in the choice he has made of psalms expressive of his feelings:

"Grown a stranger to all gladness,
My face with consuming sadness,
Withered is and dried.

In my youth I am grown aged;
My foes with wrongs ne'er assuaged,
My head grey have made."

See Nicolas's Life of William Davison, p.213. sq.
He is supposed to have been born in 1575, and
to have died before 1621.
S. W. SINGER.

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With the greatest respect for MR. GIBSON as an antiquary and historian, I must beg leave to differ from him in his view of the setting up the royal arms in churches. Perhaps, if he will refer to the correspondence in the Gentleman's Mag. which I quoted (1841, July, p. 21.), he will alter his opinion. There is an instance given of the arms of Mary at Waltham. No doubt at the Restoration there was great display of royalty in every possible form, and our churches came in for it in the shape of restored royal arms, as many a parish accountbook of that time will testify; but that they were set up long before that period soon after the Reformation, and probably before it - I would quote what old Boswell says in his Worke of Armorie, 1572, where, after setting forth and describing the blazonry of the arms of Elizabeth,

he says:

"Thus, who readinge, and marking the order of the blazon of the said most noble armes, and seeing the same afterwarde in any church, castle, or other place, and remember the reverence thereunto due, and not that onely, but will break out, and say, God save the Queene! God save her Grace! Which wordes, so saide and hearde of others, bringeth all the hearers in remembrance of their obedience and dutie to her, being our most lawful Prince and Governor. And these armes are of all men livinge under her and her Lawes, and within all her Dominions, to be extolled, and set up in the highest place of our Churches, Houses, and Mansions, above all other estates and degrees, whosoever they be: and this example of our soveraignes armes, I first put forthe, as principally above all others to be knowne, for the causes aforesaid."

Clyst St. George.

H. T. ELLACOMBE.

As the following extract from the register of the parish church of Warrington may possess some interest in connexion with this question, I send it you for what it is worth:

"1660, July 30. Whereas it is generally injoined by the great Counsell of England that in all churches thorow out the kingdom of England, his Maiestie's Armes shalbe sett upp. Uppon warning publicly given in the parish churche concerninge the providinge of the said Armes and severall other things that are wanting, Those of the parish that uppon the s'd warninge did appeare do think it fitt that two Church layes shalbe collected by the new Churchwardens for the providinge of the s'd Armes, also for the mossinge of the Church, for repairinge of the leads, the Clarke's wages," &c.

In the Journal of the House of Commons, under the date "6 May 8, 1660, 12 Car. II.," we find : "Resolved, That the Arms of the Commonwealth,

which are now placed on the Speaker's chair, be forthwith taken down, and that the King's Majesty's Arms be set up there, instead thereof; and whereon the Arms of the Commonwealth are set up, that they be taken down, and the King's Majesty's Arms set up instead thereof: And Mr. Pryn is to take care to see this order put in execution."

66 MERCHANT OF VENICE," ACT III. SC. 2.

66

K.

I have a short rejoinder for MR. SINGER, as I do not think he clearly sees the question from my point of view. I do not say that gilding may not be used as a means of deception, or that the same term may not be used figuratively for the same but that is not the point. Not even purpose; figuratively does or can "gilded" mean "deceitful.” A "gilded snake" does not mean a deceitful snake." Deceit is implied in the contrast between the outward ornament and the supposed concealed bad qualities: hence, an attractive bad woman may be called a "gilded snake;" but the adjective simply figures her beauty, or such qualities seem beautiful. Thus, too, "deceit' may be "gilded," as in the quotation MR. SINGER furnishes from A Lover's Complaint, the adjective in this case being used merely as a figure for "smiling."

66

as

a

In the case in question, the object is to illustrate the deceptive nature of "ornament" by known characteristics of other objects: for this purpose we do not need figures, for each illustration itself is a figure; and the expression gilded shore" is therefore incongruous and unmeaning. I do not mean to say that writers of less power than Shakspeare would not make use of metaphors as confused and illogical, and confound cause and effect; but we are not dealing with such writers now. SAMUEL HICKSON.

HUGH LUPUS, EARL OF CHESTER.

(Vol. vi., p. 100.)

you,

I beg to inclose for the satisfaction of your correspondent A. S. A., all the particulars which I can at present collect (with the authorities for the same) respecting Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, and his brother-in-law, Ranulph de Meschines, Earl of Carlisle.

Vincent (Discovery of Brooke's Errors, p. 2.) quotes Ordericus Vitalis: "Rex Gulielmus (speaking of the Conqueror) Odoni Campaniensi nepoti Theobaldi Comitis, qui sororem habebat ejusdem Regis, filiam scilicet Rodberti Ducis, dedit Comitatum Holdernessæ."

Yorke (Union of Honour, p. 67.) merely speaks

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Anderson (Royal Genealogies, p. 637.) and L'Art de Vérifier les Dates (8vo. ed. vol. xi. p. 355.) give the second marriage of Eudo (Count of Blois, and first Count of Champagne) with Matilda or Maud, daughter of Richard I., Duke of Normandy, but without issue.

Henninges gives, as the third wife of Eudo Count of Blois, and first Count of Champagne, "Mathildis filia Richardi Intrepidi, Normanniæ Ducis, et Gunnoræ Dunicæ, quibus nuptiis pacem a Normannis redemit. Obiit àrais."

Père Anselme (vol. ii. p. 857.) says of Eudo, Count de Blois and Champagne," Le Père Liron lui donne une première Femme, Mathilde, fille de Richard I., Duc de Normandie, laquelle mourut sans enfans."

Dugdale (Baronage, vol. i. p. 60.), Earl of Albemarle and Holdernesse. The first who had this honour conferred upon him, was Odo, William by consanguinity, being grandson of Earl of Champagne, a person nearly allied to King Maud, daughter to Richard, Duke of Normandy, wife of Odo, Earl of Blois and Chartres."

From the above extracts, I am disposed to think that Eudo, Earl of Albemarle and Holdernesse, was paternally (and NOT maternally, as stated by I have been unable to adduce proofs of his being A. S. A.) related to William the Conqueror; but of the family of the Counts of Blois and Champagne, as alleged by Dugdale.

Legitimate Children of Harlotta and Herlain. Odo, Bp. of Bayeux, created Earl of Kent, by his halfbrother William

the Conqueror.

Robert, created

Earl of Mortaign.

Emma =

Richard, Count of Avranches.

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making this Rafe Lord of Cumberland, and giving to him the town and honour of Carlisle; and to William de Meschines the seigniory of Gillesland. Margaret, daughter of Richard, Viscount of Auranges in Normandy (sister, and at length heir, of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester), was wife of Rafe Meschines, Earl of Carlisle. (Miller's Catalogue of Honour, p. 989.)

Randolph Meschines, son of Randolph Viscount of Baieulx and Alice his wife, base-daughter of Richard III., Duke of Normandy, came into England with William the Conqueror, who gave him the earldom of Carlisle. He married Margaret, sister of Hugh Lupus, the first Earl of Chester after the Conquest, by whom he had issue. (Vincent's Errors of Brooke, p. 96.; Yorke's Union of Honour, p. 102.)

Hugh (surnamed Lupus, a Norman), Viscount of Auranges (a town in Normandy), son of Richard, Viscount of Auranges, by his wife Margaret, halfsister to the Conqueror by the mother's side. (Miller's Catalogue of Honour, p. 560.; Vincent's Errors of Brooke, p. 101.; Yorke's Union of Honour, p. 104.)

King William gave this earldom of Chester to Hugh de Abrincis, his sister's son, wife of Richard, surnamed Goz. (Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 32.) Sir William Dugdale makes no mention of Ranulph de Meschines, "Earl of Carlisle"; and he omits altogether from his list the "earldom of Carlisle." FARNHAM.

CAN BISHOPS VACATE THEIR SEES?

(Vol. v., p. 548.; Vol. vi., p. 88.)

If this Query has not already elicited replies usque ad nauseam, you may afford room for the following extract from a writer of unquestionable authority on such a point. Among the posthumous Miscellaneous Discourses on several Occasions, by the Right Rev. Ed. Stillingfleet, D.D., late Lord Bishop of Worcester, now first published by his Son, the Rev. James Stillingfleet, D.D., Dean of Worcester, 8vo. London, 1735, there occurs a letter of Dr., Bishop of , concerning a vow of resignation of his bishopric in 1676. Without referring to the letter of consultation itself, I will give the case (a sufficiently curious one) as stated by Bp. Stillingfleet at the outset of his reply:

"The case your Lordship propounds, in short, is this: A. B. seeing little probability of doing any great good in his Bishopric, and being weary of worldly Employments, is inclined to give over his Episcopal Functions; but not being fully satisfied about it, he betakes himself to Fasting and Prayer, &c., and at last resolves with a solemn Vow to be determined by Lots; which, being repeated, fall to be for Resignation: The Question now is, Whether the Obligation of this Vow, so circumstantiated, be not indispensable? " &c. Pp. 11. &c.

Passing over the argument on the conflicting obligations of the vow at consecration, and the vow to abide by the issue of the lots, I extract Bp. Stillingfleet's sentiments on Episcopal Resignations in general:

"But is the Obligation of a Bishop so indispensable, that in no case he can lay down his Bishopric? I do not say so, for St. Austin hath told us the Difference between the Obligation of a Bishop and a Christian. We may, saith he, be saved without being one, but not without being the other*; a man may with just reason be excused from being one, but not from being_the other. Nay, he adds, some have laid down the Episcopal Office not only without reproach, but to their honour. But we are to consider on what occasion he speaks this; it was about the Donatist Bishops that

were received into the Church, or not received, as was

the Church.

thought most convenient for the peace and benefit of Bishops have laid down their function propter quædam And in this case he yields that some in se offendicula, for some great offence the Church hath taken at them; or when such laying down did contribute much to the removing the Disorders of the Church. And it is not improbable that St. Austin hath respect to Greg. Nazianzen, who resigned the Bishopric of Constantinople to quiet thereby the Dissensions of the Oriental and Egyptian Bishops; and therefore he called himself the Jonas that must be thrown out to still the storm. 'Tis true, that after this he wholly retired, and would not meddle in the Church of Nazianzun, but procured one Eulalius to be consecrated Bishop there in his life-time. But his best Friends blamed him for it, as seeming to proceed from Stomach and Discontent. And he writes an Apology for it to Gregory Nyssen, pleading his great Infirmities †, and that he was never consecrated Bishop of that Church, but of Sasima. Which latter was no satisfactory plea for his total retirement; and it may be allowed to pass among the resentments or infirmities of great minds, that after his Dismission from Constantinople, he would not take any Episcopal Charge upon him, but retired to his paternal estate at Arianzum, where he died. Yet there he complains that he wanted

that peace and quietness which he promised himself in

that state.

Eusebius mentions the retirement of Nar

cissus, Bishop of Jerusalem; but it was because he could not bear the Reproach which was cast upon him. his solitude, he returned to his Charge again. AfterAnd after he had well digested it, and grew weary of wards he had a coadjutor allowed him, but not till extreme old age had unfitted him for his duty. In the Council of Ephesus the case of Eustathius, Bishop of Beroa in Pamphylia, was debated, who was brought by the troubles he met with to resign his Bishopric; for which he is severely rebuked by the Council, as doing a thing unbecoming that magnanimity and courage which ought to be in a Christian Bishop. For,' say they, it behoves him that hath once taken that Spiritual Charge upon him, to hold it with Spiritual

*Aug. cont. Crescon., 1. ii. c. 11. + Greg. Naz., ep. 42.

Euseb., 1. vi. c. ix. x. xi.

Courage; and to undergo willingly those troubles and pains for which he may expect a reward.'*

"I am glad your Lordship understands already, that what you thought had been so great a secret, is become the discourse of the town, by which means I shall be freed from the suspicion of divulging it," &c. BALLIOLENSIS.

PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE OPEN AIR.

(Vol. vi., p. 193.)

A. H. R. wants some information on this sub

or two of advice to any who may wish to try their hands at it.

"But because upon examination they found he did it rather out of inexperience in the world than with an ill mind, they therefore allowed him the bare title of a Bishop, without any power of Ordination, or so much as celebrating the public offices. St. Cyrill, in his Epistle ad Domnum Antiochenum †, declares plainly that it was against the sense and rules of the Christian Church for any Bishops to make resignations; for if they are worthy, they ought to remain in their office; if not, the cause ought to be heard and they deposed. In the time of Leo Magnus, Rusticus, Bishop of Nar-ject; but, before information, let me give a word bon, acquaints him that by the multitude of scandals and troubles he met with, he had a great mind to lay down his office and retire from the world. Leo tells him it was a thing unworthy the patience of a Christian, the faithfulness of a shepherd, the care of a watchman, to lay aside his employment for the love of ease. 'Permanendum ergo est,' says he, in opere credito, et in labore suscepto;' and so he proceeds to encourage him to go on in his work, and not to be afraid of difficulties, considering the promise of Christ's presence and assistance. To the same purpose speaks Martin I. in his Epistle to Amandus, who was weary of the world tco, and would have resigned his Bishopric. I cannot deny that there are some instances of resignation mentioned in antiquity, such as Justus of Lyons, who lived afterwards a monk in Egypt; Martyrius of Antioch, who publicly renounced his Bishopric in these words: Κλήρῳ ἀνυποτάκτῳ καὶ λαῷ ἀπειθεῖ, καὶ ἐκκλήσια ἐῤῥωπωμένῃ ἀποτάττομαι, φυλάττων ἐμαυτῳ τὸ τῆς ἱεροσύνης ἀξίωμα. ||

"But these are few and rare instances, and no rules of practice; and for the first 600 years I do not find any countenance or approbation given to this practice by any act of the Church, but very much against it. Afterwards it seems in some cases to have been allowed in the Greek Church, as appears by the sixteenth canon of the Council under Photius: and in the Latin Church the Pope by degrees drew to himself the power of dispensing in such cases as he should think fit."-Pp. 16-20.

I shall be rewarded for the trouble of this long transcript if any of your correspondents would enable me to fill up the blank in the address of the letter, by giving the name and see of the bishop whom his brother of Worcester is at such pains to reason with. It was no secret at the time, for the reply (dated Oct. 11, 1676) thus begins:

* Εδει γὰρ ὡς ἄπαξ ἐγκεχειρισμένον ἱερατικὴν φροντίδα ταύτης ἔχεσθαι μετ ̓ εὐρωστίας πνευματικῆς καὶ οἷον ἀντας ποδύεσθαι τοῖς πόνοις, καὶ ἱδρῶντα τὸν ἔμμισθον ἐθελοντὶ Concil. Ephes., Act VII., in Epist. ad

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ὑπομεῖναι.
Synod. Pamphil.

Cyrilli, Epist. Can. ad Domn., tom. v. p. 2. pag. 211.
Leon, Epist. ad Rust. Narbon.

§ Martini, Epist. ad Amand. in Concil. Lateran.,

A.D. 649.

|| Ado Vien. in Chron. A. 379.; Martyrol. Rom. ad Sept., 2.; Theodor., Lect. l. i. p. 555.

[ It was Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln.—ED.]

|

Photography requires much care, nicety of manipulation, cleanliness; and, I may add, some little knowledge of chemistry is useful. Even with all these, some amount of practice is requisite; but, unfortunately, people have generally an idea that they have only to make or to buy some prepared paper or plates, to carry them in a small black box, to expose them to light, and that the sunshine will then do all the rest for them, and produce magnificent pictures. Never was there a greater fallacy; and hence it is that many have had a trial, and gone to some expense in apparatus, but, not succeeding, have thrown it all aside. Now, every one who fails in this way brings a certain amount of discredit on the art, and discourages all his acquaintance; but it is in great measure his own fault, from expecting so much from so little pains.

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There is another cause of discredit. Some shopkeepers who deal in the apparatus make a point of telling a novice that "It's very easy;' "It's so simple;" "This picture was done in ten seconds;' "Our apparatus is so improved," and so on; but they omit saying that it requires care and nice management. By thus making it appear so over simple and so over easy, they induce the uninitiated to purchase a quantity of chemicals, camera, &c., and then, finding it not so easy as he was led to expect, he looks upon it as a piece of humbug.

Now for the advice I spoke of. If A. H. R. really means to try photography, let him make up his mind to work hard at it; let him expect many failures and disappointments, and he may perhaps even work for some months without obtaining a favourable result; but I do not hesitate to say that, if he will but persevere through this beginwing, he will afterwards find it easy.

When I first began, I did not get a picture to my own satisfaction for the whole of one summer; this was very discouraging, but by sticking to it I mastered the principle, and can now do pretty well.

The above is not meant to discourage, but simply to prevent the disappointment I see daily; and supposing that A. H. R., after reading the above,

is still determined to try it, I now come directly to his Queries:

The Daguerreotype is perhaps the easiest mode of obtaining pictures, but it has serious inconveniences: the pictures are on metal plates, and must be kept covered by a glass. The calotype will be much better for A. H. R., as the pictures may be on glass or paper; and in the latter case, they may be kept in a book or folio.

A dark room or tent is not necessary in the calotype; I am now doing without one myself, and can make long excursions from home; all I want is a little clean water. The apparatus varies very much by different makers, and mine was made under my own superintendance.

Lastly this may seem ill-natured-don't believe all that people write or say on this subject; and don't trust too much to opticians and chemists, but first see some one take a picture and complete it in the open air before your eyes. C. P. S.

[There is so much common sense in the suggestion of our correspondent, that we insert his paper as a useful introduction to DR. DIAMOND'S promised communication. Photography is very easy when acquired, but it cannot be acquired without some practice and some perseverance.—ED.]

Two notable specimens of Romish saints belong to the genus Veronica. The words Vera Icon are generally considered to have been the origin of the name; but the accent which this derivation would produce has not been regarded in monastic hymns, nor in the sequence to which reference has been made in "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., pp. 440–1.

For the history of the earlier imaginary saint, R. A. of A. may consult Bollandi et Henschenii Acta Sanctorum, tom. i. pp. 449-57., Antverp. 1658; Henschenii et Papebrochii Act. Sanctt., Maii, tom. vii. p. 356. Ib. 1688; Aringhi Roma Subterranea, tom. ii. pp. 454-5., Romæ, 1651; Mabillonii, Iter Italicum, p. 88., conf. 188., Lut. Paris, 1687.

The more modern Veronica was born in the year 1446, and was beatified by Pope Leo X. in 1517. A full account of her may be found in—

"The most celebrated Popish Ecclesiastical Romance; being the Life of Veronica of Milan. A Book certify'd by the Heads of the University of Conimbra in Portugal, to be revised by the Angels, and approved of by God (ja visto y revisto pellos Anios, y approvado por Dios). Begun to be translated from the Portuguese by the late Dr. Geddes, and finish'd by Mr. Özell. With the Approbation of his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, in whose Library at Lambeth the Original of this Curiosity remains. 8vo. London, 1716."

R. G.

ST. VERONICA.

(Vol. vi., p. 199.)

EMACIATED MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES.

(Vol. v., p. 497.; Vol. vi., p. 85.)

In the chancel at Asby-Foloile, in this county, is a large alabaster flat tomb representing an emaciated female figure with a sheet or shroud tied together over the head, and descending on either side of the figure, which is otherwise naked. Nichols, in his History of Leicestershire, speaks of this as "the tomb of the headless lady;" but the features being still discernible under the knot of the shroud, our otherwise correct historian either is at fault or has been deceived. Mr. T. R. P.(otter), who is engaged on a new history of the county, in a letter to the editor of the Leicester Journal, Jan. 18, 1850, gives the inscription as follows:

Several narratives of the history of St. Veronica will be found in the Bollandine Acta Sanctorum (Februarii, p. 449.). The oldest form of the legend is contained in a Latin narrative, entitled Cura sanitatis Tiberii Cesaris Augusti et damnatio Pilati, printed by Foggini in his Exercitationes historico-critica de Romano Divi Petri itinere, and also by J. D. Manso, in his Supplement to the Miscellanea Stephani Baluzii, vol. iv. p. 55. An Anglo-Saxon version of this story has lately been printed by the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. The origin of the name is involved in considerable obscurity. In the apocryphal gospel of Nicodemus, the woman who was cured of the issue of blood is called Bepovien or Bepvin. This work was probably current as early as the fifth century. It appears that in one of the churches at Rome a portrait of "Hic jacent Rad'us Woodford, armiger, co'san. Jesus Christ, worked or painted upon a handker-guineus et heres Rob'ti Woodford militis; videl fil. chief, and having under it the words Vera Icon, Thome, filii et heredis p'dicti Rob'ti Woodford; et i. e. a true portrait, was preserved in very ancient Elizabetha una filiar' Will'i Villiers, armigeri, uxor times. Vera Icon was mistaken for the name of p'dicti Rad'i, qui quidem Rad'us obiit'111o die Marcii the owner, and identified with Beрovin, and upon año Dom. MCCCCLXXXI°; p'dicta Elizabetha obiit 1xo die these hints the legend appears to have been con- Augusti A.D. MCCCCLXXIV, quor' ai'bus propi'ait Deus, structed. Such is at least a probable account of Amen.” the matter. Assuming then that Veronica is another form of Beronice, or rather Berenice, the proper pronunciation will be Veronica (BepeVIKη being a Macedonic form of pepevin, from pepew and vien). C. W. G.

The wife predeceased the husband, which accounts for the female figure alone being engraven on the slab. At the bottom of the slab, on a scroll, is the well-known quotation from the book of Job, in Latin, "Credo quod Redemptor meus vivit,"

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