Menonifts and Nicolites, or new Quakers, who all enjoy liberty of confcience. There are many very refpectable families in Baltimore who live genteelly, are hofpitable to strangers, and maintain a friendly and improving intercourfe with each other; but the bulk of the inhabitants, recently collected from almost all quarters of the world, bent on the pursuit of wealth, varying in their habits, their manners, and their religions, have yet their general character to form. The inhabitants, except in the populous towns, live on their plantations, often feveral miles diftant from each other. To an inhabitant of the middle, and especially of the eastern States, which are thickly populated, they appear to live very retired unfocial lives. The effects of this comparative folitude are vifible in the countenances, as well as in the manners and dress of many of the country people. You obferve comparatively little of that cheerful sprightlinefs of look and action, which is the invariable and genuine offspring of focial intercourfe; nor do you find that attention paid to dress which is common, and which custom has rendered neceffary among people who are liable to receive company almost every day: unaccustomed, in a great measure, to frequent and friendly vifits, they often fuffer too much negligence in their drefs. As the negroes perform all their manual labour, their masters are left to faunter away life in floth, and too often in ignorance. These observations, however, muft, in justice, be limited to the people in the country, and to those particularly whose poverty or parfimony prevents their fpending a part of their time in populous towns, or otherwife mingling with the world; and with thefe limitations, they will equally apply to all the fouthern States. The inhabitants of the populous towns, and those from the country who have intercourse with them, are, in their manners and customs, genteel and agreeable. That pride which grows on flavery, and is habitual to those who, from their infancy, are taught to believe and feel their fuperiority, is a visible characteristic of the inhabitants of Maryland; but with this characteristic we must not fail to connect that of hospitality to ftrangers, which is equally univerfal and obvious. Many of the women poffefs all the amiable, and many of the elegant accomplishments of their fex. The inhabitants are made up of various nations of many different religious fentiments; few general obfervations, therefore, of a characteristical kind will apply: it may be faid, however, with great truth, truth, that they are in general very federal, and friends to good government. They owe little money as a State, and are willing and able to discharge their debts: their credit is very good; and although they have fo great a proportion of flaves, yet a number of influential. perfons evinced their humanity and their difpofition to abolish focurfed and difreputable a traffic, by forming themfelves into "a fociety for the abolition of negro flavery." What pleasure muft it afford thefe exated characters, as well as every other friend of humanity, to reflect, that what they undertook as individuals, has been at length fully ap proved of, and completely accomplished by the federal government, who by an act that will reflect honour upon it to the latest period of time, have fet bounds to the infamous diftinction between men WHOSE ONLY REAL DIFFERENCE IS COLOUR, and who have fecured, without injuftice or injury to any individual, at an early period, the entire abolition of flavery in name and practice. We join the general with of thofe whofe object is the general happiness of the human race-that the spirit of philanthropic liberty in the breast of every individual in the Union, may fecond and cherish the efforts of the government in extending the knowledge and enjoyment of the rights of man to an hitherto enflaved world, TRADE AND MANUFACTURES, Furnaces for running iron ore into pigs and hollow ware, and forges to refine pig iron into bars, are numerous, and worked to great extent and profit. This is the only manufacture of importance carried on in the State, except it be that of wheat into flour and curing tobacco. The trade of Maryland is principally carried on from Baltimore, with the other States; with the Weft-Indies, and with some parts of Europe. To these places they fend annually about thirty thousand hogfheads of tobacco, befides large quantities of wheat, flour, pig iron, lumber, and corn; beans, pork, and flax feed in smaller quantities; and receive in return, clothing for themselves and negroes, and other dry goods, wines, fpirits, fugars, and other WestIndia commodities. The balance is generally in their favour. The total amount of exports from Baltimore from Oct. 1, 1789, to Sept. 30, 1790, was Value of imports for the fame time Exports from Oct. 1, 1790, to Sept. 30, 1791 Dols. Cts. 2,027,777 64 1,945,899 55 3,131,227 55 During During the last mentioned period, the quantity of wheat exported was two hundred five thousand five hundred and feventy-one bufhels; Indian corn, two hundred five thousand fix hundred and forty-three ditto; buck wheat, four thousand two hundred and eighty-fix ditto; peas, ten thousand fix hundred and nineteen ditto; besides one hundred and fifty-one thousand four hundred and forty-five barrels of wheat flour; four thoufand three hundred and twenty-five ditto, Indian meal; fix thousand seven hundred and fixty-one ditto, bread; and three thousand one hundred and four kegs of crackers. SEMINARIES OF LEARNING, &c. Washington academy, in Somerset county, was inftituted by law in 1779: it was founded, and is fupported, by voluntary fubfcriptions and private donations, and is authorized to receive gifts and legacies, and to hold two thousand acres of land. A fupplement to the law, paffed in 1784, increafed the number of trustees from eleven to fifteen. In 1782, a college was inftituted at Charleston, in Kent county, and was honoured with the name of WASHINGTON COLLEGE, after Prefident Washington. It is under the management of twenty-four vifitors or governors, with power to fupply vacancies and hold eftates, whofe yearly value shall not exceed fix thousand pounds current money. By a law enacted in 1787, a permanent fund was granted to this inftitution of one thousand two hundred and fifty pounds a year, currency, out of the monies arifing from marriage licenfes, fines, and forfeitures on the eastern shore. St. John's college was inftituted in 1785, to have alfo twenty-four trustees, with power to keep up the fucceffion by supplying vacan cies, and to receive an annual income of nine thousand pounds. A permanent fund is affigned this college, of one thousand seven hundred and fifty pounds a year, out of the monies arifing from marriage licenfes, ordinary licenfes, fines and forfeitures, on the western fhore. This college is at Annapolis, where a building has been prepared for it. Very liberal fubfcriptions have been obtained towards founding and carrying on thefe feminaries. The two colleges conftitute one univerfity, by the name of "the University of Maryland," whereof the governor of the State for the time being is chancellor, and the principal of one of them vice-chancellor, either by feniority or by election, as may hereafter be provided for by rule or by law. The chancellor is empowered to call a meeting of the trustees, truftees, or a reprefentation of feven of each, and two of the members of the faculty of each, the principal being one, which meeting is filed, "The Convocation of the Univerfity of Maryland," who are to frame the laws, preferve uniformity of manners and literature in the colleges, confer the higher degrees, determine appeals, &c. The Roman Catholics have alfo erected a college at George, town, on the Potomack river, for the promotion of general litera ture. In 1785, the Methodists instituted a college at Abingdon, in Harford county, by the name of Cokefbury college, after Thomas Coke, and Francis Afhbury, bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The college edifice is of brick, handsomely built, on a healthy spot, enjoying a fine air, and a very extensive prospect. The students, who are to confift of the fons of travelling preachers, of annual fubfcribers, of the members of the Methodist fociety and orphans; are inftructed in English, Latin, Greek, Logic, Rhetoric, History, Geography, Natural Philofophy and Aftronomy; and when the finances of the college will admit, they are to be taught the Hebrew, French, and German languages. The college was erected and is fupported wholly by subscription and voluntary donations. The students have regular hours for rifing, for prayers, for their meals, for study, and for recreation: they are all to be in bed precifely at nine o'clock. Their recreations, (for they are to be “indulged in nothing which the world calls play,") are gardening, walking, riding, and bathing, without doors; and within doors, the car. penters, joiners, cabinet-makers, or turner's business. Suitable provifion is made for these several occupations, which are to be confi dered, not as matters of drudgery and conftraint, but as pleafing and healthful recreations both for the body and mind. Another of their rules, which, though new and fingular, is favourable to the health and vigour of the body and mind, is, that the students shall not fleep on feather beds but on mattresses, and each one by himself. Particular attention is paid to the morals and religion of the students. There are a few other literary inftitutions, of inferior note, in different parts of the State, and provifion is made for free schools in moft of the counties; though fome are entirely neglected, and very few carried on with any fuccefs; fo that a great proportion of the lower class of people are ignorant; and there are not a few who can not not write their names. But the revolution, among other happy effects, has roused the spirit of education, which is fast spreading its falutary influences over this and the other fouthern States. CONSTITUTION. DECLARATION. OF RIGHTS. The Parliament of Great-Britain, by a declaratory act, having af, fumed a right to make laws to bind the Colonies in all cafes whatfoever, and in purfuance of fuch claim endeavoured by force of arms to fubjugate the United Colonies to an unconditional fubmiffion to their will and power, and having at length conftrained them to declare themselves independent States, and to affume government under the authority of the people; therefore, we, the delegates of Maryland, in free and full Convention affembled, taking into our most ferious confideration the best means of establishing a good constitution in this State, for the fure foundation and more permanent fecurity thereof, declare, I. That all government of right originates from the people, is founded in compact only, and instituted folely for the good of the whole. II. That the people of this State ought to have the fole and exclufive right of regulating the internal government and police thereof. III. That the inhabitants of Maryland are entitled to the common law of England, and the trial by jury according to the course of that law, and to the benefit of fuch of the English statutes as existed at the time of their first emigration, and which by experience have been found applicable to their local and other circumftances, and of fuch others as have been fince made in England, or Great-Britain, and have been introduced, used, and practifed by the courts of law or equity; and alfo to all acts of Affembly in force on the first of June, feventeen hundred and feventy-four, except fuch as may have fince expired, or have been, or may be altered by acts of Convention, or this Declaration of Rights; fubject nevertheless to the revision of, and amendment or repeal by the legislature of this State; and the inhabitants of Maryland are alfo entitled to all property derived to them from or under the charter granted by his Majesty Charles I. to Cæcilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore. IV. That |