responding to t and t. Hence, by substituting these values for t and t' in the preceding formula,

The numbers being substituted in this formula, will immediately give the corresponding length of the pendulum. Thus, if it were required to find the length of the pendulum that would vibrate half seconds in the latitude of London, we have

For OCTOBER 1819.

Farewel to SPRING's enchanting reign,
And SUMMER'S smiling charms, adieu!
Farewel, awhile; ye soon again

Shall all your countless sweets renew.
Now welcome AUTUMN's yellow leaf,
Ye hollow gales of Autumn blow;
'Tis your's to calm the bosom's grief,
And sympathetic peace bestow.
Bid me redeem life's wasted morn,
For WINTER's bitter blasts are nigh;
And soon from earthly objects torn,
This frame in kindred dust shall lie.
To HIM then prostrate let me bow,
To Him whose arm is strong to save;
Who can eternal SPRING bestow,

That Spring which blooms beyond the grave.

As the spring and summer seasons have their distinguishing excellencies, so it is, in an especial manner, with respect to autumn. The reviving freshness of the spring is long past, and the summer is declin

ing; autumn succeeds, and its rich blessings may be considered as pleasing to the sight, gratifying to the palate, and cheering to the spirits.

How agreeable is it to behold the quick succession in the productions of nature during the spring, summer, and autumnal seasons! And, notwithstanding, before the commencement of autumn, some fruits and many flowers are gone, yet we scarcely miss them, so quickly are they succeeded by others, the greater part of which are much more important; for the autumnal fruits are those chiefly which are preserved for future use.

In this season, likewise, as the summer vegetables decline, they are succeeded by others no less salubrious and pleasant to the taste; while at the same time our tables are supplied with a variety of animal food, too often abused by the sin of gluttony, but which, in the temperate use of it, is adapted to nourish us, and excite our lively gratitude to Him who giveth us all things liberally to enjoy.'

The general state of the weather toward the close of autumn has a tendency to revive the natural spirits of those whose constitutions have been debilitated by the preceding heats. A great part of the day during the summer is too sultry for exercise; but, as autumn advances, the air becomes more temperate, and the evenings, particularly, are serene and pleasant.

The groves now lose their leafy honours; but, before they are entirely tarnished, an adventitious beauty, arising from that gradual decay which loosens the withering leaf, gilds the autumnal landscape with a temporary splendour, superior to the verdure of spring, or the luxuriance of summer. The infinitely various and ever-changing hues of the leaves at this season, melting into every soft gradation of tint, and shades, will long continue to engage the imitation of the painter, and the contemplation of the poet and the philosopher. How pleasant is it,

.

Sometimes outstretched in very idleness,
To view the leaves (thin dancers upon air)

Go eddying round; and small birds how they fare,
When mother AUTUMN fills their beaks with corn
Filched from careless Amalthea's horn;

And how the woods, berries and worms provide
(Without their pains) when earth hath nought beside,
To answer their small wants in the drear winter's tide;
To view the graceful deer come tripping by,

Then stop and gaze-then turn they know not why,
Like bashful younkers in society!

To mark the structure of a plant or tree,

And all fair things of earth-how fair they be!

C. LAMB.

The awful stillness and solitude of a forest are thus described by Mr. GISBORNE:

I would speak

The calm that stills your wilds-their guest o'erspreads
Diffusive-creeps along the conscious frame,
Bids pause each artery-stay each active limb;
Each rebel passion chains, and through the soul
Breathes holy peace and universal love!
For since the globe first rolled-in every land,
Your shades, ye FORESTS, the deluded heart
To heavenly meditation still have called,
And ev'ry song that glorified your God
Have heard with eager gladness! Ye with joy,
Fresh from his Maker's hand, when Man arose
Saw him in wond'ring homage kneel—ye bade
Your yet unpractised echoes swell the sound,
High as the ETERNAL's throne, when praise first broke
The silence of the new-created world"!

Ye when with bloody arm infuriate Rome,
Pagan or papal from the haunts of men,

Chaced the firm band, whom Truth forbade to yield,
Crouch to her priests, and worship at her nod,
Ye screened their flight-with hospitable gloom
Sheltered their miseries, and with mingling boughs,
Vocal to a pray❜r, a sylvan fane supplied!
O yet, even yet, your sacred influence breathe,
Oft as I tread your leaf-grown paths to rest,
Lull each tumultuous wish-with reverend awe
My heart inspire-and your stately growth
Pursues its heaven-directed aim-exalt

My thoughts from earth, and point them to the skies!

Nature having perfected her seeds, her next care

is to disperse them: the seed cannot answer its purpose while it remains confined in the capsule. After the seeds, therefore, are ripened, the pericarpium opens to let them out; and the opening is not like an accidental bursting, but, for the most part, is according to a certain rule in each plant. Some seeds which are furnished with hooks or spines, attach themselves to the rough coats of animals, and thus promote their dispersion. Others are contained in berries, and, being swallowed by birds, are again committed, without injury, to the earth in various places. See T.T. for 1814, p. 269, and for 1815, p. 296.

Hips, haws, sloes, and blackberries, now adorn our hedges; and the berries of the barberry (berberis vulgaris), bryony (tamus communis), honeysuckle, elder, holly, woody-nightshade, and privet (ligustrum vulgare), afford a valuable supply of food for many of the feathered race, while passing their winter with us.

About the middle of the month, the common martin disappears; and, shortly afterwards, the smallest kind of swallow, the sand-martin, migrates. The Royston or hooded crow (corvus cornix) arrives from Scotland and the northern parts of England, being driven thence by the severity of the season. It destroys lambs, and young partridges and moor fowl, and is almost as mischievous as the raven. The woodcock returns, and is found on our eastern coasts.

Various kinds of waterfowl make their appearance; and, about the middle of the month, wild geese leave the fens, and go to the rye lands, to devour the young corn. Rooks sport and dive, in a playful manner, before they go to roost, congregating in large numbers. Stares assemble in the fen countries, in vast multitudes, and, perching on the reeds, render them unfit for thatching, and thus materially injure the property of the farmer.

The ground is covered, about this time, with spiders' webs, crossing the path from shrub to shrub, and floating in the air. This gossamer appearance is noticed at length in T.T. for 1817, p. 298.

Among the flowers which are still usually in blow, in this month, is the holy-oak, Michaelmas daisy, stocks, nasturtian, marigold, mignionette, lavender, wall-flower, red hips, china rose, virginia stock, heart's ease, laurustinus, rocket, St. John's wort, periwinkle, &c. The hedges are now ornamented with the wreaths and festoons of the scarlet berries of the black briony; and now and then, that last pale promise of the waning year,' the wild rose, meets the eye.

As flowers now decay, and the bees cannot procure any farther support, this is the season for taking the honey. To obtain this precious article, the industrious collectors are usually destroyed with the fumes of burning brimstone. See a pretty Elegy to the Bee,' by Dr. Wolcott, in T.T. for 1817, p. 303.

The weather in October is peculiarly favourable to the sports of the field, and hunting and coursing are now at their height, as little damage is committed on the farmer's grounds after the gathering of the harvest.

HUNTING SONG.

Waken lords and ladies gay,

On the mountain dawns the day,

All the jolly chace is here,

With hawk, and horse, and hunting spear;

Hounds are in their couples yelling,

Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling;

Merrily, merrily, mingle they,

'Waken lords and ladies gay.'

Waken lords and ladies gay,

The mist has left the mountain gray,
Springlets in the dawn are streaming,
Diamonds on the brake are gleaming;
And foresters have busy been,
To track the buck in thicket green;
Now we come to chaunt our lay,
"Waken lords and ladies gay.'