ARTICLE XII.

HOW THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT ARE ELECTED.

The electors shall meet in their respective States § and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name, in their ballots, the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed * to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; aud if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose imme. diately, by ballot, the President; but in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice; and if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the VicePresident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States (1).

+ Proposed December 12, 1803; ratified Sept. 25, 1804.

On the first Wednesday in December, by act of Congress, March 1, 1792.
Before the first Wednesday in January, by act of Congress, March, 1792.
On the second Wednesday in February, by the same act.

(1) Under this provision of the Federal Constitution, it is impossible now for any citizen not "natural born" to become Vice-President of the United States, for all those persons of alien birth who were eligible to the Presidency by virtue of their citizenship at the time of the adoption of the Constitution and fourteen years' residence in the country, have long since passed away. The Succession Act of 1886 provides that the line of succession to the Presidency shall pass through certain Cabinet officers therein named, but it expressly disqualifies any one of these officers from the right of succession if of foreign birth.

*ARTICLE XIII.

SECTION I-SLAVERY ABOLISHED.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

SECTION II.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation (1).

†ARTICLE XIV.

SECTION I-CITIZENSHIP AND ITS RIGHTS.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (2).

SECTION II-REPRESENTATION.

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in, rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

SECTION III-DISABILITY OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE REBELLION. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State to sup*Proposed February 1, 1865; declared ratified December 18, 1865.

+Proposed by Congress June 16, 1866; declared ratified July 28, 1868. (1) U. S. Stats. at Large, vol. 13, p. 775. (2) 100 U. S. 303, 313, 339; 101 U. S. 22; S. 701; 112 U. S. 94; 113 U. S. 9, 27, 506, 703;

109 U. S. 3, 285; 110 U. S. 516; 111 U. 114 U. S. 606.

port the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

SECTION IV-PAYMENT OF PUBLIC DEBT.

The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred, or the payment of pensions and bounties for service in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned, but neither the United States nor any State shall assume to pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave, but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SECTION V.

The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article (1).

*ARTICLE XV.

SECTION I-THE RIGHT of SuffRAGE NOT TO BE IMPAIRED.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State, on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

SECTION II.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation (2).

(1) U. S. Stats. at Large, vol. 15, pps. 709, 711.

*Proposed by Congress Feby. 27, 1869, and declared ratified March 30, 1870. (2) U. S. Stats. at Large, vol. 15, p. 346.

ART. XVII

Popular election of Senators
ART. XVII.
prohibition of fiquor

ART. XIX.

Woman's Suffrage
ART. XX.

Repeal of Volstead art (prohibition)

ART. XXT.

Arbolition of fame Duck session of Congs

APPENDIX.

IDAHO.

Constitutional (1) provisions governing the electoral

franchise.

*ARTICLE I.

SECTION 20. No property qualifications shall ever be required for any person to vote or hold office except in school elections or electious creating indebtedness.

ARTICLE VI.

SECTION 2. Except as in this article otherwise provided, every male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, who has actually resided in this State or Territory for six months, and in the county where he offers to vote, thirty days next preceding the day of election, if registered as provided by law, is a qualified elector; and until otherwise provided by the Legislature, women having the qualifications prescribed in this article, may continue to hold such school offices and vote at such elections as provided by the laws of Idaho Territory (2).

SEC. 3. No person is permitted to vote, serve as a juror, or hold any civil office who is under guardianship, idiotic or insane; or who has, at any place, been convicted of treason, felony, embezzlement of the public funds, bartering or selling, or offering to barter or sell his vote, or purchasing or offering to purchase the vote of another, or other infamous crime, and who has not been restored to the rights of citizenship, or who, at the time of such election, is confined in prison on conviction of a criminal offense, or who is a bigamist or polygamist, or is living in what is known as patriarchal, plural or celestial marriage or in violation of any law of this State, or of the United States, for. bidding any such crime; or who, in any manner, teaches, advises, counsels, aids or encourages any person to enter into bigamy, polygamy, or such patriarchal, plural or celestial marriage, or to live in violation of any such law, or to commit any such crime; or who is a member of or contributes to the support, aid, or encouragement of any order, organization, association, corpora*Const. of Idaho, 1889.

(1) See page 89 for statutory provisions. (2) See Legislative act, page 89.

tion or society, which teaches, advises, counsels, encourages or aids any person to enter into bigamy, polygamy or such patriarchal, or plural marriage, or which teaches or advises that the laws of this State prescribing rules of civil conduct, are not the supreme law of the State; nor shall Chinese or persons of Mongolian descent, not born in the United States, nor Indians not taxed, who have not severed their tribal relations and adopted the habits of civilization, either vote, serve as jurors, or hold any civil office.

SEC. 4. The Legislature may prescribe qualifications, limitations, and conditions for the right of suffrage additional to those prescribed in this article, but shall never annul any of the provisions in this article contained.

SEC. 5. For the purpose of voting no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of his presence or absence while employed in the service of this State, or of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of this State, or of the United States, nor while a student of any institution of learning, nor while kept at any almshouse or other asylum at the public expense.

MISSISSIPPI.

Constitutional provisions governing the elective fran

chise.

Tax limitations and educational and mental qualifications.

*ARTICLE XII.

SECTION 241. Every male inhabitant of this State, except idiots, insane persons and Indians not taxed, who is a citizen of the United States, twentyone years old and upwards, who has resided in this State two years, and one year in the election district, or in the incorporated city or town, in which he offers to vote, and who is duly registered as provided in this article, and whọ has never been convicted of bribery, burglary, theft, arson, obtaining money or goods under false pretenses, perjury, embezzlement or bigamy, and who has paid on or before the first day of February of the year in which he shall offer to vote, all taxes which may have been legally required of him, and which he has had an opportunity of paying according to law, for the preceding two years, and who shall produce to the officers holding the election satisfactory evidence that he has paid said taxes, is declared to be a qualified elector; but any minister of the gospel in charge of an organized church shall *Const. of Mississippi, 1890.