2000 ton vessels, and two 1050 ton gun boats are also in process of building. Three new tugs and a practice cruise

The difficulties in the way were "elections" the choosing of men for clearly shown up by Mr. Pike, who office, and it is such elections only said, "There are three questions in- that come under the control of volved in this matter. First, the le- the Utah Commission. Also that are also being set up at Elizabethport

gality of the bonds; second, the right of the taxpayers who are not registered voters to vote at this election; third, the authority of the Utah Commission to assume control of the election." These are all of great importance. There is a conflict as to the conduct of the election, or meeting provided for in the Territorial statute. This, if left undetermined, is likely to subvert the object of the election. If the Utah Commission conduct the election, there will be a doubt as to its legality because the statute places it under the Board of Education. If that body conduct it, there will also be a doubt as to its legality because it is claimed that acts of Congress give the Utah Commission the right to appoint officers to con duct elections in this Territory. In either case the bonds will likely be unsalable, for no one will want to purchase them when there is a doubt as to their legality. A court must pass upon this or the bonds will be a failure.

So in reference to the persons who are to vote on the issuance of the bonds. The Utah statute that provides for them, rightly gives the power to decide whether they shall be issued or not to the resident taxpayers. But the acts of Congress in relation to elections

voters shall cast their ballots. If these

the law which makes the issuing
of bonds for school purposes possible,
provides that the determining of the
question shall be left to the taxpayers,
who are pecuniarily interested in it.
And by whomsoever the meeting, or
election, for its determination shall be
conducted, the taxpayers shall vote
upon it, while an election for trustees
shall be determined by the registered
voters.

In addition to all these, bids have beer asked for a new vessel capable of mak ing 27 knots an hour in the open sea This shows that the United States are fast becoming a naval power, and i Italy only waits one year longer, she will meet with a warm greeting on this side the sea if she seeks a "brush" with America.

THE RESOURCES OF ALASKA. The quickest and best way out of the difficulty is to carry it to the Most people regard Alaska as a courts, and a suit to enjoin the Utah dreary, far-away province, entirely Commission will bring up these ques-destitute of ordinary resources. The tions on their merits, and, we hope, census bulletin on that Territory solve them, so as to make the election affords a different view. valid and the bonds sound and solid. Salt Lake wants more school houses, and the issuing of bonds is the easiest way to raise the funds necessary for the purpose. We believe the Board has taken the right step to accomplish the end in view.

NAVAL POWER OF THE UNITED

STATES.

The sources of wealth there, are furs, fish, minerals and timber. Since Alaska became a Territory of the United States the value of fur seal skins exported to London has reached $33,000,000, and for other kinds of fur $16,000,000.

It is thought that the extermination of the seal would be a positive benefit, notwithstanding the amount of money the fur realizes. This animal preys on the fish to such an extent that it almost renders the fish

of Alaska unprofitable. it not for this the takes

IS THE Government of the United eries States a first-class naval power? This Were is at the present time an appropriate of herring, cod and salmon would suf. in Utah provide that only registered question to ask. In honest truth it ply the whole country. Red and King must be admitted that it is not. How-salmon have been caught in Alaskan ever, it is but fair to say, that it is fast waters weighing 120 pounds each and growing into a naval power of inport-measuring six feet. The waters of the ance. Of this fact the Navy Register great Yukon river for 1500 We are, at least, in a position to say seal lives on the young of this fish, so for 1891, furnishes abundant proof. abound with this kind of salmon. The that our interests are not entirely de- that the extermination of the animal fenceless. would be a boon.

laws apply to the election, or meeting, for the issuing of bonds, then every person who has had his name placed on the registry list, whether he pays taxes or not, can vote away the propperty of taxpayers who may not be registered and who cannot vote in regard to their own property rights. This is manifestly unjust. But the question is, what is the law? That also can only be determined satisfactorily by a competent court.

miles

The whale fisheries for 1890 yielded 226,402 pounds of whalebone, 2980 pounds of ivory and 14,567 barrels of oil.

There are four new vessels added to the navy which do not appear in last year's Register. They are the Philadelphia, San Francisco, Newark and Concord. In process of construc- The annual production of gold dust tion are a number of other and bullion averages about $700,000. vessels, including the five arm- Copper abounds in the Territory, but ored ships, which are named the the difficulties of transportation are Indiana, the Massachusetts, the Oregon, such that at present it is not worth the New York and the Monterey. The working. Lignite coal is found in first three of these are belted cruisers several districts, but there is only one of 10,200 tons each, displacement. The coal mine in operation. The quantity of New York will be an armed cruiser of merchantable timber is overestimated, 8150 tons, and the Monterey a low- according to the census bureau, esfreeboard, barlette-turret, coast defense pecially so of that valuable timber the vessel of 4048 tons. yellow cedar, which is found only in isolated groves.

Unfortunately there seems to be a discrepancy in the Utah statute relating to this matter. Sections 102 and 103 provide that for the levying of taxes and the issuance of bonds, as well as the election of trustees, the City Council shall appoint three judges of election in each municipal ward and that the election shall be held in each ward. Sections 122 to 124 provide that that for the issuing of bonds the Board of Education shall call a meeting and There is also a harbor defence ram of People who are conversant with the appoint three judges to conduct the 2050 tons now building at Bath. There situation in Alaska, favor the opening election thereat. This is a defect in is a fast triple-screw protected cruiser of up of the country to bona fide settlers. the law that complicates the matter. 7400 tons in process of construction. A At present it is the prey of adventurers But these facts remain: The levying duplicate of the latter has been who denude it of its resources, and of taxes and the issuing of bonds are authorized by Congress to be built. In who have only a passing interest in not in the same nature as an election San Francisco there is a 5500 ton ves-dustrious, hardy families, it will have its affairs. By colonizing it with inof trustees. The acts of Congress sel being built. The Cincinnati and a far different showing at the next clearly contemplate by the term Raleigh, two 3135-ton cruisers, three census.

THE disreputable Tribune tries to wiggle out of its falsehoods in relation which alone fair argument in reference ever it arises, in which they feel

free silver coinage measure. Hans ago. It is a picture of the rise, de- vote, as long as no remedy against sta brough of North Dakota, though a Revelopment and decay of democracy in vation could be found. Bread, and ne publican nominally, was elected by a that age, outlined by one of the great-franchise, was the first require combination of Independents and est philosophers that ever lived, and ment. Hence the dissatisfaction grey Democrats. There are seven Repub- all the more instructive because it is steadily. The State was weakened b lican Senators also pledged to free free from any undue coloring. The internal dissensions, and foreign pow silver coinage, Lamely, those from great writer lays before his readers the ers took advantage of her weakness Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and one, facts, as his mastermind perceived until the people once more agreed t Cameron, from Pennsylvania. them, and leaves the reader to draw empower one man to effect what re his own conclusions. forms he might think best. The choic fell upon a man whose brilliant intel lectual powers and noble qualities wer well known in the State. His nam was Solon.

In the House of Representatives of the Fifty-second Congress, there are 238 Democrats, 86 Republicans, and 8 Farmers' Alliance men. If the Democrats all mean tariff reform and free coinage, it looks as if there were nothing to stop them, but a veto from Harrison The House can laugh at vetoes, but the Senate can not command the necessary two-thirds, unless there should be a break in the Republican ranks.

Through the defects of the manuscript the description of the condition of Athens under the rule of kings is lost; but we can easily understand that the people gradually grew tired of auto- His reforms were radical. His keen cratic rule and demanded some voice eye detected what had escaped Draco in the government. Conditions simi- that the economical difficulties were lar to those in Russia at present may the worst of the evil, and he com be imagined. menced there. He provided that al The first step towards democracy outstanding debts should be canceled, was the institution of the office of whereby the lands were relieved 01 Polemarch or that commander-in-chief, the mortgages encumbered GOOD AND BAD INDIANS. whereby the absolute power of the them. The slaves who were work SENATOR PETTIGREW, of South Da- king, in matters of war, was broken. ing off their debts on the estates kota, does not subscribe to the brutal Then another office, that of Archon or of the creditors were set free. This doctrine so prevalent among certain ruler, who shared the power with the was to give the people a new start. frontiersmen, that the only good Indi- king, and the succession was broken; so And to keep them in the new direction ans are the dead ones. He would add that, instead of the crown falling on he provided that persons could no to the list all well-fed Indians, and the head of the oldest son, it was given longer sell themselves for debt. He thinks that all hungry Indians are to any member of the royal house, also revised the monetary system, bad, that when starvation is systemat-elected by the Areopagus or council. making the standard equal to that of ically practiced, the only hope for From this step the way to the aboli-other States on the peninsula. Then goodness then is in death. It is too tion of the kingly office was paved. the constitution was remodeled so that bad that a race whose only The Archon became the ruler de facto, every Athenian of full age should have dependence is upon the boun- even if the title of king was still re- a voice in the election of officers. The ty of the Government, their tained. At first the Archons were people thus became the rulers, and reservations being almost destitute of democracy was established. One progame and their training and instincts vision, however, was that a certain keeping them aloof from manual labor, amount of wealth was a qualification should be made the subject of dishonfor the most important offices, and anest spectulation and hungered into a other, that taxes were to be paid accordperpetual frenzy. And it is a good ing to income, the rich man being thing when men like the Dakota Senataxed on a larger proportion of his total tor can be found to place the matter income than the poor man. fairly before the public.

THE REPUBLIC OF ATHENS. THE valuable collection of ancient manuscripts in the British Museum, London, has recently been augmented with a relic of more than common in

terest. It consists of two long strips of yellow colored papyrus, covered with ancient Greek characters written in

ink, and supposed to be a faithful copy of Aristotle's treatise on the constitution of Athens.

This work has hitherto been known to scholars only from fragmentary quotations fund in the writings of other authors. Where the manuscript was found and how, are incidents which are withheld from the public, but able critics are satisfied of its genuineness and consider its date to be 78 A. D., or thereabouts.

The treatise is of great interest. It shows the exp rience of a little nation, existing more than two thousand years

elected for a term of ten years. Changes
in the government followed rapidly.
To the three existing officers of State,
the king, the commander-in-chief and
the Archon, six others were added,
who only held office for one year, and
the government was thus practically
turned over to the aristocracy.

The condition of the lower classes of But the work of this great legislator the people was bad. They had not the did not bring peace to the country. means of subsistence and ran into debt, The annual elections for the office mortgaging not only their land but of Archon became occasions for themselves also, until the majority of faction fights. There were three the people were really owned by the parties. The rich landowners, the more fortunate minority. Reforms were demanded, and louder and louder grew the cries of the oppressed populace.

Draco was empowered to revise the constitution. In doing so, we are in formed, he had two points in view. First, to define crimes punishable by law, so as not to leave the people at the mercy of the caprices of judges; secondly, to extend the franchise, which he did by giving suffrage to all men who were able to equip themselves for war.

In this way a great number of the people were admitted to public life, but the good reformer failed to find the right remedy against the evil complained of. It was not of much use to tell a poor man that he now had a right to

commercial men and the poorer classes contended for the supremacy. But the last, though the largest, could not elect officers from their own ranks, wherefore the great body of the people became only the tools of the leaders of the other parties, and corruption was the consequence.

In this condition of affairs it became

possible for Pisistratus to establish himself as a despote in the State. He was a famous general. One day he appeared in public with many wounds and bruises, inflicted, he said, on him while he defended the people. He was then given a bodyguard by the sympathizing people, and with this he seized the citadel of the city and declared himself the ruler, in which position he succeeded in establishing

imself after various struggles. The ountry flourished under his rule, as id Russia under Czar Peter, England inder Cromwell and France under Napoleon Bonaparte.

ary.

A TALE OF TWO CITIES.

be left of the public domain within the corporate limits into marts, shops, railway tracks and what not. In such cases a well-disposed, capable and fearless press proves more than ever what a valuable adjunct it is to the community.

THE New York World is throwing its great influence in the direction of an air garden for that city. It After many years of despotism de- devotes over half a page of a recent mocracy was again established. And issue to this purpose, and inserts a with democracy the old party feuds blank petition to be filled out and re- It is not to be presumed, however, eemed to be revived. However, turned, asking the Legislature to pass that the press, no matter how powerhrough the action of Cleisthenes, who the bill providing for the garden. ful, persistent and determined, could edistricted the people, the feuds were Of course the measure meets with accomplish everything desired without wept away, and democracy, the work opposition-nearly everything of a the active co-operation of the better ommenced by Solon, was completed. public nature does-but it looks as classes of the community. Happily, Dangers from the outside now though the newspaper was destined to this conjunction is rarely wanting. In hreatened the State. Persia, stirred prevail in the end. "We have too few our own city the response of the people to war by expelled politicians, threw breathing places in this city for the to the scheme to deprive them of what her tremendous forces against Greece poor," says the World, "and we should is destined to be a needed breathing and especially against Athens. At lose no opportunity of embracing every place was neither slow nor uncertain; chis critical moment the aristocracy available space. Whenever a project on the contrary, it came with a sponagain came to the front and, when 8 brought forward for the benefit of taneity which showed that "business everybody was trembling in fear, by the working classes there is sure to be was meant." their noble and decisive actions saved some flimsy opposition, and this time Our New York cotemporary publishthe country. Democracy gave way, they are afraid it will degenerate into a es a series of interviews with leading to a certain extent, out of pure grati- beer garden. The argument is worth-citizens, exhibiting a similar state of tude, and the Areopagus became again less as the bill provides against that. feeling there, notwitstanding the ob the most important body of the State. We don't want beer gardens, but we structionists, and the chances seem to It was, however, only tempor- do want places where the poor can go be that the coveted air garden will be The old regime was once and get a few moments' fresh air." supplied. more established and remained This seems not only proper but imso until the time of Pericles. Aristotle perative. says: "So long as Pericles was the It is noteworthy in this connection leader of the people, all went well in that all large and growing cities have public affairs; but when he was dead within them an element whose native there was great deterioration. Then sense of justice to all classes and pub for the first time did the people take lic-spiritedness prompt them to look for their leader a man of no repute beyond the mere matter of personal among the better classes; up to that gain and do something for the welfare date there were always men of position of those who are not, perhaps, as fortuat the head of the popular party." nate as themselves, especially when The deterioration consisted in the fact the boom sought is as beneficial to all that demagogues instead of men of classes as to any one class. It is also merit were elected for offices. Cleon, a fact that these men are always enthe successor of Pericles is described as countering an element of opposition, a man with no principle and little just as in the New York case, and statesmanlike ability. But he was curiously enough such opposition, in gifted with "tact to catch the ear of the almost every instance, is backed by people and to beguile them with a money and upheld by such influence specious policy." And this Cleon as too often makes it prevail. As to was only the first of a series the majority, they are generally in the of such worthless officials. great chronicler says: "The men who obtained the leadership of the people were those who would boast the loudest and who were the most profuse in promise to the populace, with their eyes only on the interests of the mo

ment."

The right on such propositions; but mem-
bers too often prove themselves in the
presence of wealth and unscrupulous-
ness.

PARTY DISTINCTIONS.

IT appears that in the opinion of many persons in this city, it is deemed ignorance of national politics not to be able to explain the fine distinctions between a Democrat and a Republican from a party point of view. Is this correct?

Go to Chicago, and ask the DirectorGeneral of the Fair Commission what is the difference. He has served a term or two in Congress as a Repub lican, he was elected treasurer of Cook County on that ticket, he is looked upon as one of the most orthodox of the Republican party, and yet there are large sections which do not recognize him as a party man.

The Chicago Tribune, one of the the oldest Republican papers in country, is denounced by numbers of papers and politicians as of no party. When Cleveland was in the President's

chair, he was denounced by many good Democrats, as of no party. And really, that is what gives lustre to his Administration, that it was conducted almost entirely on national principles outside of party lines. What caused the break of the Mugwumps? Simply,

No city has any too much public ground. It is not to be desired that art, handicraft, mechanism and dust shall be the people's only portion; they With such men at the head of affairs need and must have places within the the catastrophe was unavoidable. The municipal limits where, in moments of people embarked in a rash undertaking, leisure, they can retire, get a few a war which ended in disaster. The draughts of fresh air and commune the desire to free themselves from party nation became exhausted. Her fleet with nature in its freest estate. But trammels. The farmers of Kansas and was destroyed and her glory was gone. when it is proposed to utilize a square of North Carolina have been_educated What an instructive lesson to na- or part of one in this way, the antag- in party politics. For generations they tions in all ages is offered by this mod- onism invariably begins. And at no have had no religion but party. On the ern disclosure of the history of ancient time does it show itself with greater strictest lines they voted. Are they Athens. violence or determination than when any the better for it? Are they it seeks to grasp the kind more intelligent than the farmers in Carl Hagman, the tenor singer, is of property referred to for mere per- Utah on political issues. Read their studying vocal music in Moskwa. sonal ends, and convert what little may

platforms, study their proceedings and

As to this bill as amended being "the

con

listen to their utterances and then see cited at the expose of their attempt at if party teaching gives a political edu-influencing congressional legislation reduction of home rule in Utah," we for Utah, to maintain the courtesy shall say little. Were we responsible cation. It is said that Utah farmers characteristic of gentlemen. In cooler for the measure, its probable conare not skilled in the fine points of moments they will doubtless be glad sequences might be here party affairs. That may be so, and if that we suppressed their vulgarity. so, is nothing to their discredit. There Editor Deseret News: are no farmers in Utah who would be guilty of one-tenth the tom-foolery of the Alliance people in the Eastern States. Ask the Utah farmer, for an opinion on silver, or on the tariff, or on pension bills, or other important issues, and you will get a reply quick enough. Ask him the difference between a Democrat and a Republican and he may answer he does not see much if any. Is he wrong? Is he ignorant? Suppose the partizáns who claim that this is ignorance should undertake to explain the matter. Could they do so satisfactorily, unless they say the chief issue is the possession of offices?

sidered. We leave the NEWS and time to say in what way it is possible for local politics to affect the rights of people Your recent editorial under the attrac- through this change. They can also tell tive heading, "A Plea for Popular Stulti-us if the gentlemen who administer jusfication," requires a response from the tice to us and who thus have in a measvictims of your uncalled-for vituperation. ure our very lives and property in their Had you taken time to investigate the hands, will exercise this insignificant adfound its way to the public. case, your abusive article would not have ditional authority to the detriment of any portion of the people. Another question will be whether it will be possible to adopt a more inconvenient system than the present-court held in a few of the principal cities only and the people thus compelled to travel great distances, at expense to protect their rights. We shall not take a pessimistic view of the case until some reasonable grounds for so doing can be given.

In order to understand our letter to Senator Edmunds, the contents of the petition to Congress that it accompanied should be known. The petition in effect asked that Congress amend the bill to create a fourth judicial district for Utah so as to empower the Governor to temporarily fix the places of holding court for the relief particularly of the northern part of the Territory. The petition did not propose to take any authority away from Utah's Legislature; the Governor to be exercised only until but contemplated a temporary right in our law-making body should convene. It must be noticed particularly that this be confined to a change of place of hold temporary right in the Governor was to ing court in the district and not to change

the districts.

The framers and signers of the petition,
then, can hardly be held responsible
for the amendment of the bill contrary to
their request.

That portion of our letter which treats
of the question to whom previously be-
longed the right to fix the time and place
of holding court seems at first sight un-
called for, and gives rise, peraaps, to
your charge of immodesty; but with
be seen.
some considera ion, its pertinency can
The Utah Legislature has al-
ready said that all causes of action arising
in certain counties should be tried in

Men who failed to get office from Cleveland voted against him at the next election. It is the same way with Harrison. Because he would not appoint Farweli's heelers, and Shoup's strikers to office, both these orthodox Republicans will vote against him in the future. Does this not show that party politics are not so much a matter of education, or of principle, as of official boodle. The curse of our country is that we are giving to party what is meant for mankind. Lefthanded apologies are made heretion asking that the Governor have the certain places. If this be law, our petiand there for the people of Utah be- temporary right to change the places of cause they are not cutting each other's was necessary to consider whether we holding court would be futile. Hence it throats on party lines. There is no were asking Congress to delegate its need for anything of the kind. The legislative power to our governor. As to Utah farmer can take care of himself on the subject is invalid, is correct or not, whether our conclusion that the Utah law He is 100 per cent more intelli- we shall not stop to discuss. We are wilgent than his brother of Kanling to let the public decide in the future whether we are right or not. 883 or of Illinois, when Will only say in answer to your comes to national issues. And if he statement that we "appear to have forgot ten that Congress empowered the Legishas been kept out of party in the past lative Assembly to enact laws on all by the ragamuffins and outlaws of rightful subjects of legislation, that each, it should be deemed a matter for you omitted to add, "not inconistent with the Constitution and laws of the United congratulation rather than for regret. States," the point upon which the quesapproaching an important tion hinges. crisis in our country's history, and this the preservation of the consistency of one As to overlooking "the necessity for crisis cannot be tided over by party part of their [our] statement with the rest politics, clan organizations or any kind of it," will say, tuere is no inconsistency in giving our personal conclusion that of factionism. In this scene of wild the Governor already had the power in political strife the Utah farmer should question, and at the same time say that it remain a reasonable, calm and unbi- is doubtful whether he possesses the assed and turn his reflections to nation-power-not doubtful in our minds but in the minds of others, among whom seems al issues, rather than to party squab- to be the NEWS.

We are

bles.

A PLEA FOR POPULAR STULTI-
FICATION.

it

The true inwardness of your insul'ing and abusive attack seems to be that our letter was addressed to Mr. Edmunds and because you have no great respect for him, all found in his company are fit subjects for your abuse. We do not The annexed communication was re-deem it necessary to explain why he was ceived several days ago but more im-addressed, further than to say that it was portant matter has crowded it out of he who introduced the bill into the SenOur columns until today. We print

ate.

Want of age seems to be another of our the entire letter with the exception of conspicuous faults. As Mr. Pitts' reply some low and spiteful expressions, un- to Walpole on a similar point is so well suited to our pages and giving evidence known, we refrain from expressing that the writers were too hot and ex-thoughts naturally suggested.

The editorial in question contains some good doctrine on the necessity for contending "for the rights of the sovereign their perogatives," etc., but all of this people, opposing every encroachment on very good thunder (when rightly used) has been misapplied in this case. It is all very well for editors and others to be watchful of the people's rights, but when the "contention is carried to the minutest details," it is easy to overstep the bounds of prudence, and the would-be protector becomes a chronic grumbler, injuring the cause he would protect, by his Don Quixotic attacks of imaginary foes. Fetters may thus be forged unawares by the indiscriminate use of abuse.

We regret that you have villified us and thus brought us before the public. Respectfully,

CHAS. H. HART,
RICH AND RICH.
LOGAN, Utah, March 11th, 1891.

So much for the letter. How much

how closely the writers have met the ob-
cause there was for this ebullition and
jectionsoffered to their effort to condemn
ary powers for the Governor which he
the Utah Legislature and gain tempor-
ought not to exercise, will best be seen
by reproducing the article to which
lows:
they essay to reply. It was as fol-

A PLEA FOR POPULAR STULTIFICA

TION.

There is a feature associated with

the bill creating a fourth judicial dis-
erict for Utah that seems to demand
tpecial notice. In the original draft
the authority to establish the new dis-
trict was vested in "the Governor and

Legislative Assembly." It was subse-
quently amended by striking out "Leg-
therefor "supreme court."
islative Assembly" and substituting

its report recommending the passage of
The House committee incorporated in
the bill a correspondence which, ou
account of the quality of the statements
it embodies, is somewhat interesting,
and it is consequently here inserted:

"LOGAN CITY, February 7, 1891. "Dear Sir-In the absence of Mr. Lomax, and in response to your letter to him of the 26th ultimo, we send you the inclosed petition, which we have assisted Mr. Lomax in circulating.

"It might have been as well to have noted in this petition the fact that citizens of Northern Utah heve to travel from 70 to 100 miles to attend court, and that this great inconvenience will continue for a year unless your bill is so amended as to give the Governor the power to say that a term of court shall be held at Logan in the meantime, to transact a portion of the business that is now transacted in Ogden.