the following words; navel, ravel, snivel, shrivel, swivel, drivel, shovel, grovel, hazel, weazel, ousel, nousel, shekel, evil, and devil; but the practice does not extend beyond them. In novel, for instance, the e must be sounded.

oil owl all marl earl isle leave loins-lively lovely melon solace castle axle evil grovel cripple able tackle shekel title needle novel parcel model chapel.

nor-cast-one-longing lingering-look-behind.

let-carolina-smooth-the-liquid-lay
lull-with-amelia's-liquid-name-the-nine
and-sweetly-flow-through-all-the royal-line.

m.

To form this consonant, the lips are joined, and the voice passes through the nose. It will be observed in reading the exercise, that letter m is often accompanied by silent letters. These are printed in italic along with the m.

gum blame realm charm rhythm lamb comb womb calm hymn phlegm drachm- -famine moment mammon solemn tempter empty momentary mammillary matrimony mimically.

and

pale-melancholy-sat-retired

in-notes-by-distance-made-more sweet
poured-through-the-mellow-horn her-pensive-

soul

through-glades-and-glooms the-mingled-mea

sure-stole

and

round-a-holy-calm-diffusing

love-of-peace and-lonely-musing
in-hollow-murmurs died-away.

C

n.

To utter this consonant, the tip of the tongue touches the upper gum, and the voice passes through the nose. It will be found in the exercise that e, i, and o in final unaccented syllables, are often sunk before n. These are printed in italic along with the n. But the suppression should not take place in sudden, kitchen, hyphen, ticken, chicken, sloven, aspen, pattens, mittens; nor, generally with regard to i and o, but only in some words of ordinary occurrence. In the word Latin, for instance, it is vulgar to sink the i.

nun noon noun nine stolen fallen swollen barn mourn name gnarl gnaw kneel knock deign sign

linen banner foreign lessen flaxen basin hasten chasten frozen cousin reason deafen often roughen even given heathen shapen oaken wheaten briton deaden nuncupative nonentity

unanimous.

to-talk-of-nonentity -annihilated was-certainly nonsensical-enough.

when-lightning-and-dread-thunder
rend-stubborn-rocks-asunder

and-fill-the-world-with-wonder

what-should-we-do.

The palatal n.

This consonant is usually denoted by the two letters ng, but it must not be confounded with the sound proper to either of them. It consists in an utterance of the voice through the nose, while the back part of the tongue gently touches the correspondent part of the palate. It is here called the palatal n, because, like the common n, it requires a nasal utterance; but it might, with equal propriety, be called the nasal g. It is the common fault of uncultivated speakers, to employ the dental n, where good custom requires the palatal n; and it not unfrequently happens that they who try to pronounce this consonant accurately, go beyond the

mark, and, misled by orthography, actually add the common g to the palatal n, converting king, song, young, &c. into king-g, song-g, young-g, &c. At the same time it must be remarked, that there are words of more than one syllable in which g after palatal n, must be sounded; but the sounds, in this case, divide into different syllables. This will be understood in the exercise, when, of the two letters ng, the n alone is in italic.

gang king spring sung young length strength bank sink conch- -being nothing writing reading hanging bringing robin robbing chopin chopping matin matting hanger anger anguish singer finger longer younger congress concourse anxious anchor banquet- -distinguish extinguish unthinking diphthongal triphthongalanxiety.

reading-and-writing are-arts-of-striking-importance, dancing drawing and-singing beingall-accomplishments are-deserving-of-less-regard. alexander-at-a-banquet with-a-concourse-offlatterers overcome-by-anger led-by-a-concubine is-a-strong-example that-he-who-conquers-king

doms may-have-neglected-the-more-noble-conquest-of-himself.

r, in its two varieties.

There would have been no impropriety in considering the two ways of uttering this letter, as two different sounds, though, conformably with custom, they are here regarded as only different modes of the same consonant. The rough or consonant r is a trill of the tongue against the upper gum, accompanied by a strong utterance of voice; the smooth or vowel r is an equally strong utterance of voice, but without the trill which makes the other decidedly a consonant: in the smooth r the tongue is curled back, for the purpose of giving the voice a hollow sound in the throat; and all further action to complete the r, consists merely in a slight

vibration communicated to the lower part of the tongue by the passing voice. Of these two sounds, the former is to be used at the beginning of words and syllables, and the latter at the end.

The rough, or consonant r.

ray raw rheum wrap wry fry pray bray crape grape tray dray shrill shriek shrug shroud throw throng- raiment rhubarb wrestle phrenzy christian rural-around erect enrich -flowery priory briery horary contrary library-regulator rumination memorandum sudorific repercussion repetition.

rebel

rend with-tremendous-sound your-ears-asun

der

thunder.

with-gun-drum-trumpet

blunderbuss-and

approach-thou like-the-rugged-russian-bear

the-armed-rhinoceros.

blow-wind come-wrack.

queen-mab drums-in-his-ears

at-which-he-starts-and-wakes.

the-madding-wheels

of-brazen-fury-raged.

ruin-seize-thee ruthless-king.

The smooth, or vowel r.

bar err fir nor cur bare here hire core pure hour terse force marsh scarf swerve hearth pearl arm learn carp garb dark cart card herd

-pardon warden mercy virtue border mortdefer debar abhor affair appear expire adore demure.

gage colonel commerce

thine this-universal-frame thus-wondrous-fair.

virtue's-fair-form.

what-man-dare i-dare.

ah-fear ah-frantic-fear

i-see i-see-thee-near

like-thee-i-start like-thee disordered-fly.

p.and b.

These consonants are formed by joining and separating the lips. In the former, the junction of the lips stops the breath, which, being uttered for the purpose, collects itself within the mouth, till the lips separate to give it vent. In the latter, the voice is used, which the junction of the lips prevents from being distinctly heard. This confined murmur should, however, in practising, be made as audible as possible, and a proper utterance of either sound, requires that the separation of the organs should be forcible and complete.

p.

pipe pope rasp whelp vamp sharp-pippin slipper proper steeple-diphthong triphthong naphtha shepherd-puritan populous turpitude papacy pabular ophthalmy.

after-moving-equably-for-some-time it-wasmade-to-stop with-a sudden-snap.

zeal then not-charity became-the-guide and-hell-was-built-on-spite and-heaven-on

pride.

a-pert-prim-prater of-the-northern-race guilt-in-his-heart and-famine-in-his-face. abuse-the city's-best-good-men in-metre and -laugh-at-peers that-put-their-trust-inpeter.