"Which being exact, several of the students did not forbear to whisper among themselves that, rather than there should be a mistake in the calculation, he sent up his soul to heaven thro' a Elip about his neck."-Athen. Oxon.

We should mention that on the left side of Burton's monument the curious reader may see the calculation of his nativity; and his bust, painted to the life, adds to the interest of this memento of a most remarkable character. He bequeathed many of his books to the Bodleian Library; and they form one of its most curious collections. As the author of The Anatomy of Melancholy-what it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptoms, prognostics, and several cures of it--Burton's name will descend to remotest generations. It is next to impossible that so profound a treatise on a mental disorder to which a state of high intellectual cultivation is perhaps peculiarly liable can ever be permanently buried in the libraries of the learned. The 1st edit. was pub. in 1621, 4to, (Ferriar gives 1617, but he errs;) and its popularity is evinced by the rapidity with which editions followed each other: 1624, '28, '32, '38, '51, '52, '60, '76, 1728, 38, fol. The eulogy of Dr. Johnson-" Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy," he said, "was the only book that ever took him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise"-excited some curiosity to see so attractive a work, and an edit. was pub. in 1800, fol., and another in 1806, 2 vols. 8vo; also in 1827, 2 vols. 8vo; 1836, 8vo; 1837, 2 vols. 8vo; 1838, 8vo; 1845, 8vo; 1849, 8vo. The author-a man of great erudition and wit-was subject to hypochondria, under which he suffered acutely:

were not a little beholden to him.”—Archbishop Herring's Letters, 12mo, 1777, p. 149.

"Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy is a valuable book,' said Dr. Johnson. It is perhaps overloaded with quotation. But there is great spirit and great power in what Burton says when he writes from his own mind."-Boswell's Life of Johnson, vol. ii. p. 325.

"It will be no detraction from the power of Milton's original genius and invention, to remark, that he seems to have borrowed the subject of L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, together with some par ticular thoughts, expressions, and rhymes, more especially the idea of a contrast between these two dispositions, from a forgotten poem prefixed to the first edition of Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, entitled, The Author's Abstract of Melancholy; or, A Dia logue between Pleasure and Pain.' Here pain is melancholy. It was written, as I conjecture, about the year 1600. I will make no apology for abstracting and citing as much of this poem as will be sufficient to prove, to a discerning reader, how far it had taken possession of Milton's mind. The measure will appear to be the same; and that our author was at least an attentive reader of Burton's book, may be already concluded from the traces of rethe L'Allegro and Il Penseroso.... As to the very elaborate work semblance which I have incidentally noticed in passing through to which these visionary verses are no unsuitable introduction, the writer's variety of learning, his quotations from scarce and curious books, his pedantry sparkling with rude wit and shapeless and illustrations, and, perhaps, above all, the singularities of his elegance, miscellaneous matter, intermixture of agreeable tales feelings, clothed in an uncommon quaintness of style, have con tributed to render it, even to modern readers, a valuable repository of amusement and information."-Warton's Milton, 2d edit., p. 94. "The Anatomy of Melancholy is a book which has been univer author himself styles it, 'a cento;' but it is a very ingenious one. sally read and admired. This work is, for the most part, what the His quotations, which abound in every page, are pertinent; but if he had made more use of his invention, and less of his commonplace book, his work would perhaps have been more valuable than it is. He is generally free from the affected language and ridicu "He composed this book with a view of relieving his own melous metaphors which disgrace most of the books of his time."lancholy, but increased it to such a degree, that nothing could Granger's Biographical History. make him laugh, but going to the bridge foot, and hearing the ribaldry of the bargemen, which rarely failed to throw him into a violent fit of laughter. Before he was overcome with this horrid disorder, he, in the intervals of his vapours, was esteemed one of the most facetious companions in the university."-GRANGER. "He was an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativities, a general read scholar, a thoro' pac'd philologist, and one that understood the surveying of lands well. As he was by many accounted a severe student, a devourer of authors, a melancholy and humorous person; so by others, who knew him well, a person of great honesty, plain dealing and charity. I have heard some of the ancients of Ch. Ch. often say that his company was very merry, facete and juvenile, and no man in his time did surpass him for his ready and dextrous interlarding his common discourses among them with verses from poets. or sentences from classical authors. Which being then all the fashion in the university made his company more acceptable."-Athen. Oxon.

Charles Lamb mentions some "curious fragments from a commonplace book which belonged to Robert Burton, the famous author of The Anatomy of Melancholy," but we know of no publication save the Anatomy. Dibdin supposes that DR. TIMOTHY BRIGHT'S (q. v.) Treatise of Melancholie, 1586, was the prototype of Burton's work, and it has been also insinuated that Boaystuau's Theatrum Mundi gave him some useful hints. These surmises may or may not be true; but of fathering books by means of supposed resemblances, there is no end. Whether Burton helped himself to his predecessors' labours or not, it is certain that he himself has been most unmercifully pillaged. It is very true that "from his storehouse of learning, interspersed with quaint observations and witty illustrations, many modern writers have drawn amply, without acknowledgment, particularly Sterne, who has copied the best of his pathetic as well as humorous passages." See Ferriar's Illustrations of Sterne, Lon., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Where the temptation is so great, we need not marvel at the theft. Lord Byron declares

"Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy' is the most amusing and instructive medley of quotations and classical anecdotes I ever perused.

"If the reader has patience to go through his volumes, he will be more improved for literary conversation than by the perusal of any twenty other works with which I am acquainted."

To Mr. Tegg's beautiful edit., Lon., 1845, 8vo, are prefixed some commendatory notices which we present to the reader, not without hopes of inducing him to procure the work, if he happen to be without it.

"The Anatomy of Melancholy, wherein the author hath piled up variety of much excellent learning. Scarce any book of philology in our land hath, in so short a time, passed so many editions." Fuller's Worthies, fol. 16. ""Tis a book so full of variety of reading, that gentlemen who have lost their time, and are put to a push for invention, may furnish themselves with matter for common or scholastical discourse and writing."-Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. i. p. 628, 2d edit.

"If you never saw Burton upon Melancholy, printed 1676, pray look into it, and read the ninth page of his Preface, 'Democritus to

the Reader. There is something there which touches the point

we are upon; but I mention the author to you, as the pleasantest, the most learned, and the most full of sterling sense. The wits of Queen Anne's reign, and the beginning of George the First,

Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, a book once the favourite of the learned and the witty, and a source of surreptitious learning, though written on a regular plan, consists chiefly of quota tions: the author has honestly termed it a cento. He collects, un regard to chronological order, and has too often the modesty to der every division, the opinions of a multitude of writers, without decline the interposition of his own sentiments. Indeed, the bulk folio he has contrived to treat a great variety of topics, that seem of his materials generally overwhelms him. In the course of his very loosely connected with the general subject; and, like Bayle, when he starts a favourite train of quotations, he does not scruple to let the digression outrun the principal question. Thus, from the doctrines of religion to military discipline, from inland navi gation to the morality of dancing-schools, every thing is discussed and determined."-Frrior's Illustrations of Sterne, p. 58.

"The archness which Burton displays occasionally, and his indulgence of playful digressions from the most serious discussions, often give his style an air of familiar conversation, notwithstanding the laborious collections which supply his text. He was capa this talent too little. The English verses prefixed to his book, ble of writing excellent poetry, but he seems to have cultivated which possess beautiful imagery, and great sweetness of versifica tion, have been frequently published. His Latin elegiac verses addressed to his book, show a very agreeable turn for raillery.”— Ibid. p. 58.

"When the force of the subject opens his own vein of prose, we discover valuable sense and brilliant expression. Such is his account of the first feelings of melancholy persons, written, proba bly, from his own experience."-Ibid, p. 60.

"During a pedantic age, like that in which Burton's production appeared, it must have been eminently serviceable to writers of many descriptions. Hence the unlearned might furnish themselves with appropriate scraps of Greek and Latin, whilst men of letters would find their enquiries shortened, by knowing where they might look for what both ancients and moderns had advanced on the subject of human passions. I confess my inability to point out any other English author who has so largely dealt in apt and original quotation."-Manuscript Note of the late George Steevens, Esq., in his copy of The Anatomy of Melancholy.

See the amusing synopsis of the BIBLIOMANIA appended to Dibdin's invaluable work by this title. The vivacious BIBLIOGRAPHER here avowedly takes a leaf from the erudite hypochondriac.

Burton, Robert, is a name which occurs in the titlepage of a number of very popular historical and miscellaneous compilations, pub. (and supposed to have been writThese are ten) by Nathaniel Crouch, from 1681-1736. such as Historical Rarities in London and Westminster, 1681; Wonderful Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1682; History of Scotland, 1685; Curiosities of England, 1697; Unparalleled Varieties, 1699; General History of Earthquakes, 1736, &c. The list, which is a long one, will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. collection includes History, Travels, Fiction, Nat. History, Customs, Biography, &c. Some were reprinted in 6 vols. 4to, 1810, '13. The original edits. have occasionally brought high prices as curiosities:

The

the Poultry," is interesting in this connection:
The following letter from Dr. Johnson to "Mr. Dilly in

"January 6, 1784.
"SIR,-There is in the world a set of books which used to be sold

by the booksellers on the bridge, and which I must entreat
procure me. They are called BURTON's Books: the title of one is
Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England.' I be-
lieve there are about five or six of them [perhaps about 401]
they seem very proper to allure backward readers; be so kind as
to get them for me, and send me them with the best printed edition
of Baxter's Call to the Unconverted.' I am, &c.,

"SAM. JOHNSON."

Dunton includes Crouch in his notices: "R. B., (alias Nat. Crouch,) is become a celebrated Author. I think I have given you the very soul of his Character when I have told you that his talent lies at Collection. He has melted down the best of our English Histories into Twelve-penny Books which are filled with wonders, rarities, and curiosities; for you must know his Title-pages are a little swelling. However, Nat. Crouch is a very ingenious person, and can talk fine things upon any subject. In a word, Nat. Crouch is a Phoenix Author; I mean the only man that gets an estate by writing of Books."-Life and Errors. Dunton speaks in high terms of Nat.'s brother, Samuel Crouch:

"He is just and punctual in all his dealings; never speaks ill of any man;-has a swinging soul of his own;-would part with all he has to serve a friend;—and that's enough for one BOOKSELLER!" -Ibid.

We commend Mr. Crouch's character to the study of our amiable and much-abused friends, the Bibliopoles of the present day.

Burton, Samuel. Sermon, 1620, 4to. Burton, Thomas. Thanksgiving serm., 1713, 8vo. Burton, Thomas, member of the Parliaments of Oliver and Richard Cromwell: his Diary from 1656 to 1659, now first pub. from the original autograph MS.; edited and illustrated by J. T. Rutt, Lon., 1828, 4 vols. 8vo. These curious MSS. were discovered among the papers of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, "and own their publication to the same assiduous bibliographer who brought to light the Memoirs of Eveleyn and Pepys."

"This Work serves to fill up the chasm so long existing in our Parliamentary History. The recovery of the debates of the Cromwell Parliaments, taken on the spot by one of the very members, is little short of a miracle."-New Monthly Mag.

"The great interest of the book is Cromwell himself."-Lon. Gent. Mag.

"These volumes overflow with information respecting the principles and proceedings of the Legislature during a most important period of English History. Every library which pretends to contain an historical collection, must possess itself of Burton's Diary: it is as indispensable as Burnet or Clarendon."-Lon. Atlas.

It is supposed that Burton's memoranda were taken for the information of Lord Clarendon, (in whose writing the MS. is,) then residing abroad with King Charles.

Burton, W. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1594, 16mo. Seven Dialogues, both pithie and profitable, 1606,4to. Burton, W. H. Law of Real Property; 6th edit., with Notes, by E. P. Cooper, Lon., 8vo; 7th ed., 1850. "A most valuable publication. It is learned, precise, and accurate, and there is not to be found in it a superfluous word.”” It must be a philological curiosity, truly! Burton, William, 1575-1681, an eminent antiquary, was elder brother to the celebrated author of The Anatomy He was entered of Brasenose Colof Melancholy, (q. v.) lege, Oxford, 1591, admitted of the Inner Temple, 1593. He distinguished himself by A Description of Leicestershire, concerning Matters of Antiquity, History, Armours, and Genealogy, Lon., 1622, fol. The author made many improvements and additions in MS. It is now entirely superseded by Nichols's History of Leicestershire.

"His natural genius leading him to the studies of Heraldry, Genealogies, and Antiquities, he became excellent in those obscure and intricate matters; and, look upon him as a gentleman, was accounted by all that knew him to be the best of his time for those studies, as may appear by his Description of Leicestershire."-Athen. Oxon.

"The reputation of Burton's book arises from its being written
early, and preceded only by Lambarde's Kent, 1576, Carew's Corn-
wall, 1602, and Norden's Survey; and it is in comparison only of
these, and not of Dugdale's more copious work, that we are to un-
derstand the praises so freely bestowed on it."-GOUGH.
Burton also drew up the Corollary of Leland's Life, pre-
fixed to the Collectanea.

Burton, William, d. 1667, an antiquary, was entered
of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625. He was master of
the free Grammar School at Kingston-upon-Thames until
1655. Laudatio Funebris in Obitum D. Thomæ, Atheni.
Oxon., 1633, 4to. Annotations on the First Epistle of
Græcæ
Clement the Apostle to the Corinthians, 1647, 4to.
Linguæ Historica, 1657, 8vo. Catalogue of the Religious
Houses in England, with their valuations, at the time of
the dissolution of the Monasteries: see Speed's Chron. at
the end of Henry VIII. A Commentary on Antoninus's
Itinerary, 1658, fol. This work caused Bishop Kennett to
style Burton the best topographer since Camden.
author also trans. The Beloved City, from the Latin of
Alstedius.

Our

Burton, William, minister of the Cathedral Church

in Norwich. Catechisme, Lon., 1591, 8vo. Seven sermons,
A Caveat for Sureties; two sermons on Prov.
1592, 8vo.

Burton, William, a bookseller in London. Super-
Re-
vi. 1-5, 1593, 8vo. Sermons, 1590, '95.
stition, Fanaticism, and Faction; a Poem, 1781, 4to.
searches into the Phraseology, Manners, History, and Re-
ligion of the ancient Eastern Nations, as illustrative of the
Sacred Scriptures, &c., Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo.

"Mostly a compilation which contains materials of various value.
There are a number of good criticisms, and some of a trifling na-
ture. The introduction contains remarks on the Septuagint, the
Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Talmud."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
Burton, William, M.D., Windsor. On Viper-Catchers;
Phil. Trans., 1736. Internal Cancers; ib., 1742.

Burton, William Evans, b. 1804, at London, son appearance in New York in a complimentary benefit given of the following, a distinguished comedian, made his first to Samuel Woodworth, the poet. 1. Yankee among the Mermaids, Phila., 12mo. 2. Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor; comprising a Unique Collection of Complete Articles and Specimens of Written Humor from Celebrated HuSee South. Lit. Mesmorists of America, England, Ireland, and Scotland, illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo.

senger, July, 1858.

"The aim of this work is to furnish all who would seek in the brilliant fancies of the humorist a relaxation from the cares of business or a resource to enliven hours of dulness, or who would humorous authors who have enlivened the English language by peruse with an appreciating eye the writings of the most gifted their wit and genius; to furnish to all, in short, who love a genial and lively book such a selection as shall satisfy the mirth-craving nature."

Edited Cambridge Quarterly Review, England; Reflector, Eng.; Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Phila., 7 vols.; Literary Souvenir, an Annual, 1838, '40. trib. to London old Monthly Mag., Lon. Athen, N.Y. Knickerbocker, &c.

Con

Burton, William George, b. 1774, at London.
Burton, W. W. State of Religion and Education in
Biblical Researches. A work of great erudition.
New South Wales, Lon., 8vo.

Bury, Arthur, an English divine, was ejected from
Oxford in consequence of his work, The Naked Gospel,
Oxf., 1691, fol. The University ordered this Socinian
He pub. some sermons, 1660, '62,
treatise to be burned.
'82, '92.

Bury, Arthur. Agricult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708; on manuring land with Sea Sand.

Bury, Lady Charlotte, formerly Lady Charlotte Campbell, "the beauty of the Argyle family," was an early patroness of the youthful genius of Sir Walter Scott. She was "always distinguished by her passion for elegant letters," and was accustomed "in pride of rank, in beauty's bloom, to do the honours of Scotland" to the literary celebrities of the day. It was at one of her parties that Scott became personally acquainted with Monk Lewis. He writes to George Ellis, 2d March, 1802:

"I am glad you have seen the Marquess of Lorn, whom I have met frequently at the house of his charming sister, Lady Charlotte must admire as much as I do." Campbell; whom, I am sure, if you are acquainted with her, you

Lady Charlotte introduced him to Lady Anne Hamilton, and the poet had an opportunity of confirming the good impression made by the perusal of Glenfinlas, and The Eve of St. John. Lady Charlotte Bury, left a widow, was appointed to a place in the household of the Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Charlotte. When the Diary illustrative of the Times of George IV. appeared, (4 vols. 8vo,) it was thought to bear evidence of a familiarity with the scenes depicted which could only be attributed to Lady Charlotte.

It was reviewed with much severity, and charged to her Ladyship by Lord Brougham. We are not aware that the charge has ever been denied. The Quarterly Review joined in the condemnation. The book sold rapidly; several editions were disposed of in a few weeks; for there is a natural desire to know that which should not be told, especially if the actors be conspicuous for rank or celebrity. Lady Charlotte has published, also, a number of novels of the "Minerva" school, some of which have had a large circulation. Among them are Alla Giornata; The Devoted, 3 vols. p. or To The Day, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Disinterested and the Ensnared, 3 vols. p. 8vo. vols. p. 8vo. 8vo. Family Records; or The Two Sisters, Flirtation, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Love, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Separation, 3 vols. p. 8vo.

Bury, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1720, aged 76, a native of Linton, Cambridgeshire, England, was noted for her knowledge of Hebrew, and wrote some critical dissertations upon the idioms of that language, left in MS. at her

BUS

of the Resurrection of the Body, Rationally and Spiritually Considered. It does not come within our design to consider the supposed correctness or unsoundness of works written with the intention of promoting the cause of truth. We profess to occupy the position of the chronicler, not the umpire. The opinions of the learned professor have elicited much animated controversy. He has given to the world an exposition of some of the phenomena of Mesmerism, and he anticipates great benefits to the race from the full development of the new philosophy of which he is an ardent champion. In addition to his other labours, Prof. Bush preaches to a society of the New Jerusalem Church in Brooklyn and edits the Anglo-American New Church Repository.

Bush, J. Hibernia Curiosa, or a General History of the Manners, Customs, and Dispositions, &c. of the bitants of Ireland; Trade, Agriculture, and Curiosities, Lon., 1767, 8vo.

"The materials of this work, which chiefly is occupied with a view of manners, agriculture, trade, natural curiosities, &c., were collected during a tour in 1764-69."-STEVENSON.

|

Treatise on losophy of Instinct and Reason, p. 8vo. Worms in the Blood, 8vo. Homœopathy and the Homœopathist, 12mo. The Physiology of Animal and Vegetable Life: a Popular Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena of Organic Life; to which is prefixed a Brief Exposition of the Great Departments of Human Knowledge, r. 12mo, with over one hundred illustrations.

"Though cast to a popular form and manner, this work is the production of a man of science, and presents its subject in its latest It may, therefore, be consulted with interest by those who wish to development, based on truly scientific and accurate principles. obtain in a concise form, and at a low price, a resumé of the present state of animal and vegetable physiology." Other works.

Bushnell, Edm. Complete Shipwright, 1669, 4to. Bushnell, Horace, D.D., b. about 1804, at WashInha-ington, Litchfield county, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1827, where in 1829 he was appointed tutor. He has been a journalist, and a law student, as well as theologian. Among his publications are Christian Nurture, 1847; God in Christ, 1849; and a sequel to these, entitled, Christian Theology, 1851. He has pub. a number of sermons,-Unconscious Influence, &c.,-which have been collected in one volume, entitled Sermons for the New Life, 1858, 12mo. Many of his pieces will be found in The New Englander; and his addresses before college societies and literary assemblies are numerous.

Bush, Joseph. Evangelical sermons, 1842, 12mo. "We have been much pleased with these sermons. They breathe cordial attachment to the Redeemer and his Gospel."-Church

man's Monthly Review.

In

"His writings have attracted considerable attention among

Bush, or Bushe, Paul, 1490-1558, first Bishop of Bristol, entered the University of Oxford about 1513. consequence of his profound knowledge of divinity, Henry VIII. advanced him to the newly-erected see of Bristol, theologians from the bold and original manner in which he has presented views of the doctrines of the Calvinistic faith. . . . The 1542, and made him his chaplain. Queen Mary deprived dissertation prefixed to his volume God in Christ' contains the germ of most of what are considered his theological peculiarities." him of his dignity on account of his being a married man. An Exhortation Busk, George, b. in Russia, a distinguished surgeon He was Exposycyon of Miserere mei Deus, 1525. to Margaret Burges. Notes on the Psalms, Lon., 1525. and naturalist, went to England at an early age. Answer to certain Que- one of the early members, and, in 1848-49, President, of the Treatise in praise of the Crosse. ries concerning the Abuses of the Mass; in Burnet's Hist. Microscopical Soc., and has contributed many valuable Reformation; Records, No. 25. Dialogues between Christ papers to its Transactions. Editor of the Quarterly Jourand the Virgin Mary. Treatise of Salves and Curing Re-nal of Microscopical Science. Trans. Kölliker's Histology; medies, sine anno. Extirpation of Ignorancy, &c. Car- also Wedl's Pathological Histology. Catalogue of the Marine Polyzoa contained in the British Museum, 2 vols. 8vo. mina diversa. Certayne gostly Medycynes, &c., sine anno. Busk, M. M. The History of Spain and Portugal When he took his degree of B.A., Wood says he was "Then numbered among the celebrated poets of the Univer- from B.C. 1000 to A.D. 1814, Lon., 1833, 8vo; pub. by the Soc. for D. U. Knowledge. sity."-Athen. Oxon.

Bush, William. The Celestial Race, Lon., 1692. Bush, William. The Inadvertencies and Indiscretions of Good Men a great cause of general Corruption in Society; a serm. on 1 Tim. v. 22, 1746, 8vo.

Bush, William. Voyage and Travel of W. B., Lon., 1647, 4to.

Bush, William. Observations on Cancers, Bath, 1804. Bushby, E. Introduction to the Study of Scripture, 12mo. Essay on the Human Mind, 5th edit., Camb.,

1852, 12mo.

Bushe, Amyas. Socrates; a Dram. Poem, 1785, 4to. Bushe, G. P. Population of Ireland. Trans. Irish Acad., 1790.

Bushel, Seth, D.D. Sermons, 1673, '78, '82.

Bushel, or Bushell, Thomas, 1594-1674, educated at Baliol College, Oxford, was in the service of Lord Bacon. Charles made him Master of the Royal Mines in Wales. Speeches and Songs at the Presentment of the Rock at Euston to the Queen in 1636, Oxon., 1636, 4to. Remonstrance of His Majesty's Mines Royal in Wales, Lon., 1642, 4to. Tracts concerning the Mines in Wales, Lon., 1642-60, 4to. Extract of the Lord Bacon's PhiloSee sophical Theory of Mineral Prosecutions, 1660, 4to. an interesting account of Bushel and his famous "Rock" and various projects, in Athen. Oxon.

"Leaving behind him the character of one always troubled with a beating and contriving brain, of an aimer at great and high things, while he himself was always indigent, and therefore could never accomplish his mind to his original desire; of one always borrowing to carry on his design, but seldom or never paid."

whole army.

He is

Yet we should not omit to state that there were times when Bushel had no lack of the precious metals. said to have gained from one silver mine at Bwlch-yrEskir, sufficient profit to enable him to present Charles I. with a regiment of horse, and to provide clothes for his In addition to this, he advanced as a loan to his Majesty no less a sum than £40,000; equal to at least four times the amount of the present currency; and he also raised a regiment among miners at his own charge. The mine referred to is the same one out of which Sir Hugh Middleton accumulated £2000 a month, "by which produce he was enabled to defray the expense of bringing the New River to London."

Busher, Leon. Liberty of Conscience, 1646, 4to, &c. Bushnan, J. S., M.D. History of the Saline Treatment of Cholera, Lon., Svo. Introduc. to the Study of Nature, 8vo. Observations on Hydropathy, 12mo. Phi

"The running narrative, constantly enlivened by anecdote, of A wellwhich the subject is prolific, leaves us no time to be dull. analyzed chronological table is prefixed, as well as a useful table of contents."-Lon. Gent. Mag.

Busk, Mrs. 1. Biographical Sketches, European and Asiatic, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. History of Mediæval Popes, Emperors, &c., 2 vols. p. 8vo; vols. iii. and iv., 1856, p. 8vo. 3. Plays and Poems, 2 vols. 12mo.

Bussey, George Moir. Life of Napoleon, illustrated by 500 wood-engravings by Horace Vernet, 2 vols. 8vo.

"This work is well and carefully written, and, as a contribu tion to modern history, is entitled to a place in the library."

Westminster Review.

Bussiere, Paul, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1699, 1700.

Buswell, John. An Historical Account of the Knights of the most noble order of the Garter, from its institution, 1350, to the present time, 1757, 8vo.

"The present design is briefly to give such account of those illustrious Knights who have been companions of this most noble mitted to so high a dignity."—Pref., p. 5. Order, as may in some measure shew the cause of their being ad

"Mr. Buswell seems to have executed this design with all the requisite care and exactness; and his work forms no unentertaining system of biographical anecdotes."-Lon. Monthly Rev., 1757. Recently a copy of this work was advertised by Mr. George Willis, London, with MS. additions to the present time, (1854,) by the Rev. D. T. Powell.

Buswell, Sir George, Bart. A copy of his last Will and Testament, Lon., 1714, 8vo; privately printed. This pamphlet is interesting to the collectors of Northamptonshire history.

Buswell, William, late of Queen's College, Cambridge, Rector of Widford, Essex. Plain Parochial sermons on important subjects, Lon., 1842, 12mo. Butcher, Edmund, a Unitarian minister. Sermons, An Excursion from SidLon., 1798-1806, 2 vols. 8vo. mouth to Chester in 1803, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. Ser"The style is simple and familiar; the sentences short, and mons for the Use of Families, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. sometimes striking. Scripture language is largely used and freely accommodated."-Lon. Monthly Repository. Other works.

Butcher, George. Causes of the present high prices of provisions, 1801, 8vo.

Butcher, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo. Butcher, Richard. Survey and Antiquities of the Towns of Stamford and Tottenham, High Cross, Lon., 1646, 4to; 1717, 8vo; with Notes by Francis Peck, 1727, fol

Butcher, William. Sermon, 1811. Plain Discourses delivered to a Country Congregation, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, 1713-1792. This most unpopular statesman is said to have played himself into the favour of the Prince of Wales, as Sir Christopher Hatton danced himself into Queen Elizabeth's. His Lordship took refuge from the arrows of Junius in his Paradise of Shrubs. He printed a work upon his favourite pursuit in 9 vols. 4to,-Botanical Tables, &c.,-at an expense of £10,000 for 12 copies. Dr. Dutens thus speaks of his lordship and his expensive book:

"L'étude favorite de Lord Bute étoit la botanique; il excelloit tellement dans cette science, que les plus grands maîtres en Europe le consultoient et recherchoient sa correspondance; il l'avoit écrit sur ce sujet un ouvrage en 9 vols. in 4to, qu'il fit imprimer a grands frais. Il l'avoit composé pour la Reine d'Angleterre, et ne voulait jamais le publier, tant il étoit éloigné de tirer vanité de ses lumières. Il en fit tirer 16 exemplaires, dont il me donna un."-Memoires d'un Voyageur qui se Repose, vol. ii. p. 252.

Only twelve copies were printed, and were disposed of as follows:

Lord Bute.......

Empress of Russia..

2

The Queen...

1

Sir Joseph Banks...

1

M. de Buffon.....

1

Lady Betty Mackenzie....

1

Lady Ruthven....

1

Lady Macartney.

1

Duchess of Portland..

1

1

Mrs. Barrington.......
M. Dutens..

1

12

"As it is known what prejudice means in Mr. Gibbon's vocabu lary, our author's relatives accept the character."

The Rev. Alban Butler also pub. The Life of Mary of the Cross..

"It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various import. ant duties of a religious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute

account of the life and actions of the nun."-CHARLES BUTLER.

He left an unfinished Treatise on the Movable Feasts, which was pub. by Mr. Challoner, (an edit., Dubl., 1839, 8vo;) and Charles Butler pub. his Short Life of Sir Toby Matthews. The Rev. Mr. Jones superintended the publication of three vols. of his Meditations and Discourses, issued in 1791, since the author's decease; new edit., by Dr. Lanigan, Dubl., 1840, 8vo.

"They are acknowledged to possess great merit; the morality of them is entitled to great praise; the discourse on conversation shows a considerable knowledge of life and manners. . . . . His sermons were sometimes interesting and pathetic; but they were always desultory, and almost always immeasurably long."-CHAS. BUTLER.

He made collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More, which, it is to be regretted, with several other projected works, were never given to the world. Sometime after his return to England from his travels with Mr. Howard, he was chosen President of the English College at St. Omer's, which responsible position he filled until the day of his death-in 1773. He was always much attached to literary pursuits, and ever ready to assist the learned investigations of others. He aided Cardinal Quirini in his edition of Cardinal Pole's Letters, who makes this handsome acknowledgment of his valuable co-operation:

One of Lord Bute's copies sold in 1798, with Mr. Tighe's books, produced £120; and the late Queen Charlotte's copy was sold in 1819, for £117. A copy was sold in 1813 for £82 198. The plates are said to have been destroyed. See Gentleman's Mag. for 1792, p. 285; Martin's Bibliographi-readiness on all occasions to assist the author in his undertaking

cal Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, and Dryander's Catalogues: the latter remarks:

"Opera hujus, splendidi magis quam utilis, duodecim tantum exemplaria impressa sunt."

Butler, Alban, 1700-1773, a native of Northampton, was sent in his eighth year to the English Roman Catholic College at Douay, where he was subsequently appointed Professor of Divinity. Whilst at this seat of learning, he pub. his Letters on the History of the Popes, by Archibald Bower.

"They are written with ease and good humour, they show various and extensive learning, a vigorous and candid mind. They met with universal applause."-CHARLES BUTLER.

In 1745 he travelled through France and Italy with the Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Messrs. Talbot, and on his return was appointed to a mission in Staffordshire, though anxious for a London residence, which would permit access to such works as he desired to consult in the compilation of his History of the Saints. Shortly after reaching England, he was appointed Chaplain to Edward, Duke of Norfolk, and accompanied Edward Howard, his nephew, to the Continent. Whilst at Paris he sent to the press his Lives of the Saints, upon which he had laboured more or less for thirty years. It was pub. Lon., 1745, 5 vols. 4to; Dubl., 1780, 12 vols. 8vo. In the edit. before us, the imprimatur of the prelates is dated January 29th, 1833; pub. (1836) at Dublin, 2 r. 8vo vols., with a preface by Bishop Doyle, and life of the author by his nephew, CHARLES BUTLER, (q. v.) In the first edit. the notes were omitted. This step was taken at the advice of Mr. Challoner, Vicarapostolic of the London district, who thought that the work would be too costly for general circulation unless reduced in size. An edit., considered the best, was pub. in 1847, Lon., 12 vols. 8vo; the continuation by C. Butler should be added. "It is easy to suppose," remarks his nephew and biographer, Charles Butler, "what it must have cost our author to consign to oblivion the fruit of so much labour, and so many vigils. He obeyed, however." Happily they were restored in the subsequent editions. The Lives of the Saints is a curious storehouse of ecclesiastical and secular learning.

"The erudition, the beauty of style, the true spirit of religion, and the mild and conciliating language, which pervade this work, edified all its readers, disposed them to be pleased with a religion in which they saw so much virtue, allayed their prejudices against its professors, and led them to consider the general body with good will. It has been translated into French, Spanish, and Italian; and, though a bulky and expensive work, has gone through several editions."-CHARLES BUTLER.

Gibbon remarks of this compilation,

"It is a work of merit:-the sense and learning belong to the author; the prejudices are those of his profession."

Upon which Charles Butler remarks with his usual graceful and gentlemanly humour:

"The Letters were procured for the author by Mr. Alban Butler, to whom the public is indebted for the most useful and valuable work which has appeared in the English language on the Lives of the Saints, and which has been so much esteemed in France, that it is now translated into the language of a country celebrated for biography, with large additions by the author. This gentleman's was answerable to his extensive knowledge, and general acquaintance with whatever has any relation to erudition."

The value of Quirini's commendation is too well known to scholars to require to be enlarged on here.

Mr. Butler pursued his studies with such zeal that we are assured by one of his friends that

"Every instant that Mr. Butler did not dedicate to the government of his college, he employed in study; and when obliged to go abroad, he would read as he walked along the streets. I have met him with a book under each arm, and a third in his hands, and have been told, that, travelling one day on horseback, he fell a reading, giving the horse his full liberty. The creature used it to eat a few ears of corn that grew on the roadside. The owner came in haste, swearing that he would be indemnified. Mr. Butler, who knew nothing of the damage done, no sooner perceived it, than, blushing, he said to the countryman, with his usual mildness, that his demand was just; he then draws out a louisd'or, and gives it to the fellow, who would have been very well satisfied with a few pence, makes repeated apologies to him, easily obtains forgiveness, and goes on his way."

The character of Alban Butler was most exemplary. L'Abbé de la Sepouze thus speaks of him:

"What astonished me most was, that studies so foreign to the supernatural objects of piety, shed over his soul neither aridity nor lukewarmness. He referred all things to God, and his disskilfully drew from the topic of his conversation. His virtue was course always concluded by some Christian reflections, which he neither minute nor pusillanimous: religion had in his discourse, as well as in his conduct, that solemn gravity which can alone make it worthy of the Supreme Being. Ever composed, he feared neither contradictions nor adversities: he dreaded nothing but praises. He never allowed himself a word that could injure any one's reputation.. In short, I will confess it to my confusion that for a long time I sought to discover a failing in him; and I protest, by all that is sacred, that I never knew one in him." See the whole of this interesting letter in the Account of the Life and Writings of Alban Butler, prefixed to the Lives of the Saints.

Butler, C. The Age of Chivalry; a Tale, abridged from the Knights of the Swan, by Madame de Genlis, 1799, 12mo.

Butler, Charles, 1559-1647, a native of High Wycomb, Buckinghamshire, was entered of Magdaleň Hall, Oxford, in 1579; Vicar of Lawrence Wotton, Hampshire, from about 1600 until his death. Feminine Monarchie; or The History of Bees, and the due ordering of them, Oxon., 1609, 8vo. In Latin, by Richardson, under the title of Monarchia Feminina, sive Apium Historia, Lon., 1673, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Rhetoricæ, libri duo, Oxon., 1619, '29, 4to. De Propinquitate Matrimonium impediente regula Generalis; or the Marriage of Cousins german, Oxon., 1625, 4to. Oratoriæ, libri duo, Oxon., 1638, 4to; often reprinted. The English Grammar, 1633, 4to; quoted by Dr. Johnson in the Grammar prefixed to his Dictionary. The Principles of Music, in singing and setting, Lon., 1636, 4to.

"The only theoretical or didactic work published on the subject of music during the reign of Charles I. It contains more know.

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