"There is much wading in order to arrive at a useful truth. The ' time is now come to disentangle negotiations such as a farming tenancy from all feudal entertainments, and place them on sound economical principles, and the intelligencies of common sense, reason, and simple notice."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. China in 1857-58, Lon., 1858. Commended. Cooke, Sir George. Reports of Cases in the C. P., Cooke, J. A. New Orders of the H. C. of Chancery; 2d ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo. "This is said to be a meagre and indifferent publication." See 2 Jurist. 971. Cooke, James. Juridica Determinatio trium Questionum de Majestate, Oxon., 1608, 4to. Cooke, James. Mellificium Chirurgia; or, the Marrow of Chirurgery, Anatomy, and Physick, much enlarged, &c., Lon., 1616, 8vo; Supplement, 1655, 12mo. Cooke, James. Drill Husbandry perfected, 1784. Cooke, John, of Canterbury. Serms., 1729, 2 vols. 8vo. "Quæ conciones multum laudantur."- Walchii Bibliotheca Theo logica. Cooke, John. Compting H. Assistant, 1761, 12mo. Cooke, John, Rector of Wentnor, Salop. Sermon, 1773, 8vo. The Preacher's Assistant, Oxford, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo: vol. i. containing the Texts of Serms. and Discourses pub. since the Restoration; vol. ii. The Authors, and a succinct view of their works. "I refer the reader to this, as a useful catalogue from which he may select such writers of sermons as he may think fit for his library; for where all are equally good, it would be presumptuous in me to attempt to particularize the best."-BISHOP WATSON, "If continued to the present time, and made to include Commentaries and Treatises founded on chapters and texts, and printed in a smaller type, so as to come into one volume, it being only wanted for reference, it would be an invaluable work for ministers. For older Treatises, &c.. see A Catalogue of our English Writers in the Old and New Testaments, 12mo, 1668."-Bickersteth's Christian Student. Cooke, John. De Intestinis eorumque affectibus in genere, Ultr., 1648, 4to. Cooke, John. Trans. Irish Acad., 1789, 1818 : Steam Engine; Instrument for Navigation; Wheel Carriages. Cooke, John. Hist. Account of Greenwich Hospital, by J. C. and Mr. Maull, 1789, 4to. Sermon, 1789, 8vo. Voyage of the Earl of Sandwich, 1799, 4to. Cooke, John. Confess. of a Deist, 1796, 8vo. Letters, 1797. Memoirs and Remains of G. Redford, 1828, 8vo. Cooke, John. Circular Atlas, 1801. See Nic. Jour. 1801. Cooke, John. Serms., Birmingham, 1835, 8vo. "Written in an unpretending style, and while they are correct in their views, are pleasing as to manner."-British Mag. Cooke, John, M.D. Profess. treatises, Lon., 173089: medical, medical botany, chemical, and antiquarian. Cooke, John Conrade. Cookery and Confectionary. "The present work cannot be surpassed by Gunter, Jarrin, Ude, or Beauvilliers."-Lon. Literary Magnet. Cooke, John Esten, b. 1830, at Winchester, Vir-| ginia, brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke. 1. Leather Stocking and Silk. 2. The Virginia Comedians; from the MSS. of C. Effingham, Esq. "The period of the story is about the middle of the last century; the place Williamsburg, Virginia, and its vicinity; the characters Virginia gentlemen of that day and generation, among whom comes Beatrice Hallam, the leading actress of a company of come dians of that ilk, and one of the most striking, truthful, and lovable characters in modern fiction. The interest of the book never flags. The characters are such that we cannot be indifferent to them, and the author absorbs us in their actions and their fate." 3. Youth of Jefferson. 4. Henry St. John, Gentle man, New York, 1858. Contributor to the Southern Literary Messenger. Cooke, Joseph. Theolog. Essays, 1806, '08, '11. Cooke, Layton. The Grazier's Manual; being Tables showing the net weight of Cattle, Calves, Sheep, and Swine, on new principles, Lon., 1819, 12mo. "A neat volume of most useful materials.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Cooke, Nath. Treatises on Polit. Economy, Lon., 1798, 1811, 8vo. Immortality of the Soul. 1813, 4to. Cooke, Philip Pendleton, 1816-1850, a native of Berkeley county, Virginia. 1. Froissart Ballads, and other Poems. 2. The Chevalier Merlin: in course of publica tion in the Southern Literary Messenger at the time of Mr. Cooke's death. Mr. Cooke contributed many papers to the above-named magazine and other periodicals. "Undoubtedly Philip Pendleton Cooke was one of the truest poets of our day, and what he has left was full of promise that he would become one of the most famous."-DR. R. W. GRISWOLD. "In its rare and peculiar excellence, in delicately-touched sentiment, Florence Vane has the merit of an antique song."-Duyckincks' Cye. of Amer. Lit. "The Chevalier Merlin is less a novel than a prose poem. No one but Mr. Cooke could have written it."-EDGAR A. POE. Cooke, Richard. A White Sheet; a Serm. on Heb. xiii. 4, Lon., 1629, 4to. Cooke, or Cocus, Robert. Censura quorundum Auctorum Pontificiis citari solent, Lon., 1614, 1623-29, 4to. Cooke, Thomas. Cooke, Thomas. reverence. Episcopacy Asserted, 1641. Serms., 1702, '12, 8vo. Christian Sacrifices, 1704, 4to. Cooke, Thomas. Funeral Serm., 1709, 4to. Cooke, Thomas, 1702?-1756, a native of Braintree, In 1725 he pub. a Essex, a poet and man of learning. poem entitled The Battle of the Poets, in which Pope, Swift, and others were treated with more freedom than But Cooke excited Pope's ire to a much higher pitch by publishing in The Daily Journal in 1727 a trans. of the episode of Thersites in the 2d book of the Iliad, to show the blunders of Pope. For this exposure, and Cooke's share in Penelope, a Farce, the reader already anticipates the penalty. If Pope was not a Hellenist, he was an excellent satirist, and Mr. Cooke was at once placed in the literary pillory yelep'd The Dunciad. In a subsequent edit. of The Battle of the Poets, Cooke notices this contemptible conduct of Pope, and speaks with little respect of his "Philosophy or dignity of mind who could be provoked by what a boy writ concerning his translation of Homer, and in verses which gave no long promise of duration." The Knights of the Bath, 1725. The Triumph of Love and Honour, a Play. The Eunuch, a Farce. The Mournful Nuptials, a Trag. Life and Writings of A. Marvell, 1726, 2 vols. 12mo. Trans. of Hesiod, 1728; of Cicero on the Nature of the Gods, Poems, 1742. Trans. of Plautus, vol. i., 1754; all pub. "Dr. Johnson told us of Cooke who translated Hesiod, and lived twenty years on a translation of Plautus, for which he was always taking in subscriptions; and that he presented Foote to a club in the following singular manner-This is the nephew of a gentleman who was lately hung in chains for murdering his brother.""Boswell's Tour to the Hebrides. Cooke, Thomas. Serm., 1752. Essay, 1753. Cooke, Thomas. The King Cannot Err, Com.,(1762,) 12mo. The Hermit Converted, (1771,) 8vo. Cooke, W. Trans. of G. Zollikofer's Sermons, 180714, 11 vols. 8vo. "These Sermons breathe the pure and gentle spirit of Christianity, and exhibit religion to our view in the most animated and alluring form." Cooke, W. Notes to Morgagni's Seats and Causes of Diseases, Phila., 2 vols. 8vo. Cooke, William. Vindication of the Professors and Profession of the Law, 1642, 4to. What a book for lawyers! Cooke, William. Infant Baptism, 1644, '51, 4to. Cooke, William. Inquiry into the Patriarchal and The Druidical Religion, Temples, &c., Lon., 1755, 4to. Medallic History of Imperial Rome, 1781, 2 vols. 4to. Other works. Cooke, William, 1757-1832, a law writer of London, of considerable eminence. Bankrupt Laws, 1786; 8th ed., with addits. by Geo. Roots, 1823, 2 vols. r. 8vo. This was long the standard upon the subject, but has now become obsolete excepting for reference to the old statutes. Cooke, William, d. 1824, a native of Cork, settled in London, and obtained some celebrity as a writer. The Art of Living in London; a Poem. The Elements of Dramatic Criticism, 1775, 8vo. The Capricious Lady; a Com., 1783, 8vo. Conversation, a Didactic Poem, 1796, 4to; 2d ed., 1807, 8vo; 4th ed., 1815. A poem of great merit. Memoirs of C. Macklin, 8vo. Memoirs of Sam. Foote, with some of his writings, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo. Cooke, William, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, Greek Prof. at that University from 1780 to 1790. Prælectio ad auctum publicum habita, Cantab., 1787, 4to. Serms., 1780, '81. Aristotelis de Re Poetica, 1785, 8vo. The Revelations translated, examined, and explained throughout, with Keys, Illustrations, Notes, and Comments. &c., Lon., 1789, 8vo. This work has been severely criticized: "A writer who can discover the Jewish church in the Iliad, and Christianity in the Odyssey, may certainly find whatever he pleases in the Book of Revelation; but it is not equally certain that he is qualified to detect the fallacies of Joseph Mede and to prove him mistaken, false, and erroneous."-Lon. Month. Rev., N.S., iii. 148. "Á very useless and trifling performance, and noticed here merely to prevent the reader's being taken in-as the author once was-by ordering it."-Orme's Bibl. Bib. Cooke, William, Surgeon. Profess. treatises, 1810,'11. 8vo. Cooke, William. Sermons, 1847, '50. Cooke, William B. Southern Coast of England, 1817-27, Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to. For other works of this eminent artist, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841. Cookesey, John. Serm., Lon., 1743, '57, '60. Cookesley, William, Surgeon. Profess. treatises, 1736, &c., in Ed. Med. Ess., v. p. 427, and Med. Obs. and Inq., iii. p. 64. Cookesley, William G. Serms., Lon., 1843-44, 2 vols. 8vo. "Sound and moderate in doctrine, earnest in their exhortations, and well suited for the purposes of family and domestic worship." -Church and State Gazette. Cooksey, Richard. Essay on Lord Somers, and Philip, Earl of Hardwicke; proposed to be inserted in a compendious Hist. of Worcestershire, Lon., 1791, 4to. "An esteemed work." Miscellaneous Poems, 1796, 8vo. Cookson, J., M.D. Phil. Trans., 1735, '45: Med. and Magnetism. Cookson, Rev. James. Polygamy, 1782. Prayer Book, 1811. Coole, Benj. Reflections on a Letter on Locke's Paraphrase and Notes, 1717, 8vo. Cooley, Arnold James. Pharmaceutical Latin Grammar, 1845, Lon., 12mo. 1621-1683, a distinguished politician, educated at Exeter College, Oxford, the son of Sir John Cooper, Baronet, exercised a commanding influence upon the events of his time. His intellectual character was much admired by John Locke, who is supposed to have been indebted for the groundwork of his celebrated essay on Toleration to an outline drawn up by his lordship. A list of Speeches, &c. by this distinguished nobleman will be found in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. "He canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it under Charles the Second, and disgraced the cause of liberty by being the busiest instrument for it, when every other party had rejected him." HORACE WALPOLE, "For close designs and crooked counsels fit, Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel. But after this satire was published, his lordship nominated Dryden's son to a scholarship in the Charter House, whereupon the poet thus made the amende honorable for his savage assault. He tells us of Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury: "In Israel's court ne'er sat an Abethdin With more discerning eyes, or hands more clean: "Charles the Second said to him one day, 'Shaftesbury, I believe thou art the wickedest fellow in my dominions.' He bowed, and replied, 'Of a subject, sir, I believe I am.'" The celebrated Shaftesbury of powers as universal as his ambition was unbounded; the idol of the rabble at Wapping; the wit and man of fashion among the courtiers at Whitehall, and a statesman in the House of Lords; whom the King, after listening to him in a debate, pronounced fit to teach his bishops divinity, and his judges law; a minister, a patriot, a chancellor, and a demagogue; in whatever direction he moved, the man on whom all eyes were Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist. to be turned; to whom nothing was wanting but virtue."-Prof. A Life of the Earl, by G. WINGrove Cooke (q. v.) was "Illustrated by apposite quotations on medical subjects."-pub. in 1836. See Biog. Brit.; Burnet's Own Times; Athen. Oxon. Med. Gaz. Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts; 3d ed., 1858, 8vo, pp. 1350. "A compendious dictionary of reference to the manufacturer, tradesman, and amateur.”—Preface. Cooley, James Ewing, b. 1802, in Massachusetts. The American in Egypt, &c. in 1839, '40, N. York, 8vo. Cooley, William D. Euclid's Elements; Figures of Euclid; both, 1839, 12mo. Geomet. Propos., 1840, 12mo. The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Shaftesbury, 1671-1713, grandson of the above, had his early studies in part directed by John Locke, and was instructed in Latin and Greek by a lady of the name of Birch, who spoke these languages with ease and fluency. Under her care he became no contemptible scholar when only 11 or 12 years of age, at which time he was placed at Winchester School. After travelling on the Continent, he entered Parliament, and his remarkable apology for a speech on High Treason is still celebrated. In 1711 he again visited the Continent, "A truly classical work."-COUNT G. DA HEMSO. Hist. of Maritime and Inland Discovery, 1830, 3 vols. and died at Naples, Feb. 4, 1713. His Letter concerning 8vo; and 1846. Claudius Ptolemy and the Nile, 1854, 8vo. Cooling, Dennis. Assize Serm., 1708, 4to. Coombe, Thomas, D.D., a native of Philadelphia, banished at the time of the Revolution; afterwards became Prebendary of Canterbury. 1. The Peasant of Auburn, or The Emigrant; a Poem, Lon., 1775. 2. Serms., &c., 1771, '83, '89. Coombe, William, 1741-1823. 1. The Diabolaid; a Poem. 2. Devil upon Two Sticks in England. 3. Royal Register, (q. v.) 4. Letters which passed under the name of Lord Lyttleton. 5. River Thames. 6. Tours of Dr. Syntax in Search of the Picturesque, &c., 3 vols. 8vo, coloured plates. A popular work. 7. The English Dance of Death. 8. The Dance of Life. 9. History of Johnny Quæ Genus. Coombes, W. Trans. of C. Brancadoro's oration at funeral of Pius VI., &c., 1800. Cooper. Poetical Blossoms, 1793, 12mo. Cooper, A. Complete Distiller, Lon., 1757, 8vo. Cooper, Alexander. Essay upon the Chronology of the World, Edin., 1722, 8vo. "It is not a book which will satisfy a person who is acquainted with the present state of chronological and biblical science; but it affords evidence that the author studied the Scripture and the history of the world very closely; and was desirous of promoting the honour of the sacred volume."-Orme's Bibl. Bib. Cooper, Andrew. The History of the English Civil Warrs; in English Verse, Lon., 1660, 8vo. "Little more than a gazette or journal of passing events, in halting rhyme."-LOWNDES. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of Shaftesbury, Enthusiasm appeared in 1708. The Moralist, a Philosophical Rhapsody, 1709. Sensus Communis, 1710. This is "a recital of certain conversations on natural and moral subjects." Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author, 1710. Letters written by a Noble Lord to a Young Man at the University, 1716. Letters to Robert Molesworth, Esq., 1716. Judgment of Hercules. Letter concerning Design. But his most celebrated work was his Characteristics of Men, Matters, Opinions, and Times, 1711-23, 3 vols. 8vo, and in 1732. Many sentiments in the Characteristics are considered as unfavourable to Christianity. "Mr. Pope told me, that, to his knowledge, the characteristics had done more harm to Revealed Religion in England than all the works on Infidelity put together."-BISHOP WARBURTON. This would seem to prove that his lordship found many readers of as shallow perceptions as his own. His Inquiry Mackintosh, who does not admire his ordinary style: concerning Virtue is highly commended by Sir James "Grace belongs only to natural movements; and Lord Shaftes bury, notwithstanding the frequent beauty of his thoughts and language, has rarely attained it.... He had great power of thought and command over words. But he had no talent for inventing character, and bestowing life on it. The Inquiry concerning Virtue is nearly exempt from the faulty peculiarities of the author; the method is perfect, the reasoning just, the style precise and clear."-Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit. Blair takes him to task for want of simplicity and ease: "His lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems to have considered it as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man full of circumlocutions and artificial elegance. In every sentence of quality to speak like other men. Hence he is ever in buskins; we see the marks of labour and art; nothing of that ease which expresses a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart. Of figures and ornament of every kind he is exceedingly fond,sometimes happy in them; but his fondness for them is too visible; and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion that pleases him, he knows not how to part with it."-Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres. His great admirer, Horace Walpole, cannot brook his oratorical flourishes: “His writings are much more estimable for the virtues of his mind than for their style and manner. He delivers his doctrines in ecstatic diction, like one of the Magi inculeating philosophic visions to an Eastern auditory."-R. and N. Authors. Bishop Warburton is for a time uncommonly gracious, though afterwards not so courteous: The noble author of the Characteristics had many excellent qualities, both as a man and a writer. He was temperate, chaste, honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has shown how much he has imbibed the deep sense, and how generally he could copy the gracious manner, of Plato."-Ded. to The Free Thinkers, prefixed to the Divine Legation. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, fourth Earl of Shaftesbury, only son of the preceding, wrote a life of his father for the General Biog. Dictionary; see vol. ix. 179, 1739. He seems to have been a much wiser man than his father, for we are told that "There never existed a man of more benevolence, moral worth, and true piety."--BISHOP HUNTING FORD. We must say that we prefer his Characteristics to his father's. Maurice Ashley Cooper, brother to the third Earl, added to the literary honours of the family by a trans. of Xenophon's Cyropedia. Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, Bart., 1768-1841, son of the Rev. Dr. Cooper, Rector of Yelverton and Morley, Norfolk, studied surgery under his uncle, William Cooper, surgeon to Guy's Hospital, and the celebrated Mr. Cline. The latter assigned him a share in his anatomical lectures, and Mr. Cooper's class rapidly increased from 50 to 400 students, the largest class ever known in London. In 1792 he visited Paris, and attended the lectures of Desault at the Hotel Dieu, and those of Chopart. Returning to London, he resided alternately in Jeffrey-Square, New BroadStreet, and New-Street, Spring Gardens. His practice was very large, and in 1822 he realized the largest sum ever received by a medical practitioner-£22,000. For some years his receipts averaged £18,000 to £20,000. He was made a baronet at the coronation of George IV., in 1821. The Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Congenital Hernia, Lon., 1804, fol. Crural and Umbilical Hernia, 1807, fol. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1800; to Med. Chir. Trans., 1809, '11, '13. Surgical Essays, by Sir A. P. C. and B. Travers. Part 1, 1818. Principles and Practice of Surgery, ed. by F. Tyrrell, 1824, 25, 27, 3 vols. 8vo; ed. by Dr. Alex. Lee, Lon., 1836-41, 3 vols. 8vo. The Anatomy and Diseases of the Breast, 1840, 4to. The Testis and the Thymus Gland; 2d ed., ed. by Bransby B. Cooper, 1841, r. 4to. Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints; ed. by B. B Cooper, 1842, 8vo. Amer. edit., with addit. observations by Prof. J. C. Warren, Phila., Svo. Sir Astley left addits. in MS. for this new edition. Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia; new edit., Lon., 1844, imp. 8vo. The original edit. is entirely out of print. Life of Sir Astley P. Cooper, Bart., interspersed with sketches of distinguished characters, by [his nephew] B. B. Cooper, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. "Sir Astley was principally distinguished as a bold operator, a decided practitioner, and as a most industrious and popular teacher. Perhaps no man ever taught any branch of medicine who possessed more of this element of great success. His manners were of the most engaging kind, while his attention, urbanity, and regard for his pupils, were of the most exemplary character."-ROBERT DUNDAS THOMSON, M.D. Although a bold operator, as Dr. Thomson remarks, Sir Astley seems to have been a very graceful one. Mr. Pettigrew tells us: "The light and elegant manner in which Sir. Astley employed his various instruments always astonished me, and I could not refrain from making some remarks upon it to my late master, Mr. Chandler, one of the surgeons to St. Thomas's Hospital. I ob served to him that Sir Astley's operations appeared like the graceful efforts of an artist in making a drawing. Mr. C. replied. Sir, it is of no consequence what instrument Mr. Cooper uses: they are all alike to him; and I verily believe, he could operate as easily with an oyster-knife, as the best bit of cutlery in Laundy's shop." On one occasion Sir Astley had a patient from the West Indies named Hyatt, who was a rather eccentric character, as the following anecdote testifies. After a skilful operation by the surgeon, he desired to know the amount of his debt. "Two hundred guineas,' replied Astley. Pooh, pooh!' exclaimed the old gentleman, I shan't give you two hundred guineas;-there-that is what I shall give you,' tossing off his nightcap, and throwing it to Sir Astley. Thank you, sir,' said Sir A., 'any thing from you is acceptable,' and he put the cap into his pocket. Upon examination it was found to contain a cheque for a thousand guineas." We doubt not that the respected professors of the healing art would all be quite willing to prescribe "West India Night-Caps" to their patients. Cooper, Bransby B., Senior surgeon to Guy's Hospital, &c., nephew to the preceding. Lectures on Anatomy, Lon., 1835, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Treatise on Ligaments, 4th ed., 1836, 4to. Lectures on Osteology, 1844, 8vo. Surgical Essays, 1843, r. 8vo. Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery, 1851, r. 8vo. For twenty-five years Mr. Bransby Cooper has been surgeon to Guy's Hospital; and the volume before us may be said to consist of an account of the results of his surgical experience during that long period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby Cooper's Lectures as a most valuable addition to our surgical literature, and one which cannot fail to be of service both to students and to those who are actively engaged in the practice of their profession."— Lon. Lancet. Mr. B. B. Cooper has also edited some of his uncle's works, and favoured the public with an account of his life. Cooper, C. Grammatica Linguæ Anglicana, Lon, 1685, 8vo. Cooper, C. Municipal Corporations in England and Wales, Lon., 1835, 12mo. Cooper, Rev. Charles D. See OXENDEN, ASHTON. Cooper, Charles Purton, Doctor of Laws of the R. Catholic University of Louvain, and one of her majesty's counsel. Legal and Ecclesiastical Publications, 1828-51. See Marvin's Legal Bibl., and Darling's Cye. Brit. Cooper, Chris. Heresy Unmasked, Lon., 8vo. Cooper, E. Poesy, 1761, 8vo. Elbow Chair, 1765, 8vo. Cooper, Edward. Abridgt. of Anatomy, Lon., fol. Cooper, Edward, d. 1833, Rector of Yoxhall, 1809. Pract. and Famil. Serms., 7 vols. 12mo. V. Y., many edits. Serms., 6th ed., 2 vols. 1819. "Sound in his doctrine, judicious in his arrangement. simple and unaffected in his language, animated yet correct in his manner, he generally pleases and edities his reader."-Lon. Christian Observer. "Plain, sound, and useful."-BICKERSTETH. The Crisis; Prophecy, and Signs of the Times, 1825, 8vo. "A practical and edifying work, though serious doubts may be entertained of the justness of the interpretation of the particular prophecy."-BICKERSTETH. Cooper, Elizabeth. The Muses' Library, or a Series of English Poetry from the Saxons to the Reign of Charles II., 1737, 38, 41, but all the same edit. It is a collection of much merit, and can be had for a few shillings. Mrs. C. had the valuable assistance of Oldys. Cooper, George. 1. Letters on the Irish Nation, 1800, 8vo. "Manners, national character, government, religion, principally; with notices on agriculture, commerce, &c."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. Court of Chancery, Lon., 1809, '13, 8vo. This work is 2. Treatise of Pleading on the Equity Side of the High founded upon Mitford on Equity Pleading. 3. Reports of Cases in H. C. of C. in Lord Eldon's time, Lon., 1815; N. York, 1824, 8vo. Cooper, George. 1. Designs for the Decoration of Rooms, Lon., 1807, fol. 2. Architectural Reliques of Great Britain; part 1st, 1807, 4to. Cooper, George. Domestic Brewer, 1811, 12mo. Cooper, Sir Grey. Duke and Duchess of Athol; Proceedings in H. of C. rel. to the Isle of Man, 1769, 8vo. Cooper, Henry Fox. Poem, 1805, 12mo. Cooper, James. Vaccination Vindicated, 1811, 8vo. Cooper, James. Serms., Lon., 1840, 12mo. Cooper, James Fenimore, 1789-1851, a distinguished American author, was a son of Judge William Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania, whose ancestors had been settled in the United States since 1679. The subject of our notice was born at Burlington, New Jersey, on the 15th of September. He entered Yale College in 1802, and for the three years of his residence there applied himself diligently to his studies. In 1805 he obtained a midshipman's warrant in the U. S. Navy, and followed the life of a sailor for six years. How apt a scholar he became in this arduous school may be judged from the technical accuracy which distinguishes his marine sketches. In 1811 he resigned from the navy, and was married to Miss De Lancey, a sister of the estimable Bishop De Lancey of Western New York. Mr. Cooper's first volume was entitled Precaution, a novel of the English "fashionable society" school, with few indications of the remarkable powers of description and eloquence of narration which its successors evinced. He next pub. The Spy, a tale of the Neutral Ground, founded upon incidents connected with the American Revolution. The theme was one too closely connected with the sympathies of his countrymen to appeal in vain to their attention. The critic of the leading periodical of the country, in a review not in all respects the most flattering to the young author, compliments him "For having demonstrated so entirely to our satisfaction, that an admirable topic for the romantic historian has grown out of the American Revolution. . . . He has the high praise, and will have, we may add, the future glory, of having struck into a new pathof having opened a mine of exhaustless wealth-in a word, he has laid the foundations of American romance, and is really the first novel writer."-N. American Review, xv. 281. who has deserved the appellation of a distinguished American the author. To these succeeded The Pathfinder, Mercedes of Castile, The Deer-Slayer, The Two Admirals, Wing and The popularity of The Spy was not confined to Ame-Wing, or Le Feu Follet, Wyandotte, or the Hutted Knoll, rica. It was soon republished in many parts of Europe, and the reputation of the author was confirmed abroad as well as at home by the appearance of The Pioneers and The Pilot in 1823, and the Last of the Mohicans in 1826. Between the two last works was pub. a novel (Lionel Lincoln) founded upon the early revolutionary troubles in America, which never succeeded in gaining the popular favour. About 1827 Mr. Cooper visited Europe, and whilst abroad, gave to the world a succession of works of various grades of merit, of which a critical examination will not be expected in the limited space to which we are confined. The first of the works pub. in Europe was The Prairie, one of the very best of his productions-which was succeeded by The Red Rover, The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish, The Water-Witch, The Bravo, The Heidenmauer, and The Headsman of Berne. He also pub. a vindication of the land of his birth from many current misrepresentations: doubtless the Notions of the Americans did much to correct error and abate prejudices among candid foreigners. But if Mr. Cooper was ready to defend his country when unjustly criticized, he was quite as willing to censure those faults to which he perceived a growing proclivity among some of her most prominent sons. We have no disposition to dwell upon family quarrels, and if we enumerate The Letter to his Countrymen, and The Monikins, a political satire, among Mr. Cooper's works, it is with no desire to revive controversy, but only to act the part of a faithful chronicler. To the last-named work succeeded the Gleanings in Europe: the Sketches of Switzerland, and the works on France, Italy, and England, the series comprising 10 volumes, excited much attention both at home and abroad. England, with Sketches of Society in the Metropolis, aroused in no small degree the ire of the London Quarterly Reviewer, who declares, not in the most courteous style imaginable, that "So ill-written - ill-informed - ill-bred-ill-tempered, and illmannered a production it has never yet been our fortune to meet. ... We must say in justice to every thing American that we have happened to meet, either in literature or in society, that we never met such a phenomenon of vanity, folly, and fable, as this book exhibits-we say fable, because (whatever may be Mr. Cooper's intentions) his ignorance and presumption betray him at every moment into misstatements so gross, and sometimes so elaborate, as to have all the appearance and effect of absolute falsehood." The critic indignantly denies Mr. Cooper's assertion that "the Quarterly Review was the organ of a national antipathy to America." It is hardly worth while to linger over such civilities, and we proceed to notice Mr. Cooper's other productions. The American Democrat, or Hints on the Social and Civil Relations of the United States, appeared in 1835. Three years later Mr. Cooper gave to the world a work of a more elaborate character than its predecessors. This was a History of the Navy of the United States, Phila., 1839; 2d ed., Phila., 1840; 3d ed., Cooperstown, 1846; reprinted in London, Paris, and Brussels. A new ed., with a continuation, 1815-53, in a supplement of 100 pages from Mr. Cooper's MSS. and other authorities, was pub. in 1853. "The work of an unsurpassed writer; it is so full of interest, and so abounds in the most vivid illustrations of American patriotism, enterprise, and courage, that it cannot be too widely circulated."-GEORGE BANCROoft. "Mr. Cooper appears to be fair, and unwarped by national prejudice in these records."-Lon. Literary Gazette. "We have perused this history with no little curiosity and with great interest."-British Naval and Military Mogazine. These volumes are filled with the graphic records of daring adventure, and contain. in their narration of mere facts, a treasure to the lovers of sea-romance. The name of Somers is a household word in America; and the desperate enterprise in which he and his companions perished, is narrated in this work with an extraordinary effect."-Lon. Athenæum. "This is a very valuable addition to naval history. Mr. Cooper has used a commendable diligence in searching out whatever facts the early history of America affords, illustrative of the origin and growth of her national navy, and has dressed them out in a form as attractive as possible."-N. Amer. Review. Commendation, however, was not the only response with which the labours of the author were greeted. The account of the Battle of Lake Erie was not suffered to escape without an earnest protest from several critics; and Mr. C. felt called upon to notice these strictures, in a volume pub. in 1842, entitled The Battle of Lake Erie, or answers to Messrs. Burgess, Duer, and Mackenzie. A fitting companion to his history is the author's Lives of American Naval Officers, in 2 vols. The novels of Homeward Bound and Home as Found also excited no little animadversion-the charge of misrepresentation being warmly urged against the Autobiography of a Pocket Handkerchief, Ned Myers, Ashore and Afloat, Miles Wallingford, The Little-page series, including, 1. Satanstoe, 1845, 2. Chainbearer, 1845, 3. The Red Skins, 1846. Among the last of his publications were the Islets of the Gulf, pub. in Graham's Magazine, 1846, and the Ways of the Hour, pub. in 1850. A complete edition, carefully revised, of the works of Mr. Cooper, in 34 vols., was, very opportunely, published in 1855 by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, of New York. An interesting sketch of the literary history of the great American novelist, to which we have been indebted for some of the above facts, will be found in R. W. Griswold's Prose Writers of America. We have lying before us many critical opinions from high literary authorities, upon the merits and demerits of Mr. Cooper's productions. Our space, however, restricts us to a few extracts. Indeed, works which have been translated into so many languages, and are in continual demand with each new generation of readers, are themselves the best evidence of their author's tact in the selection, and ability in the treatment, of the subjects upon which he employed his pen. It is but a slight deduction from the merits of so excellent a writer, to wish that upon some subjects he had written less, and upon others not at all. But it ill becomes those who share in the glory which the lustre of his name has shed upon the literary annals of his country, to quarrel with those eccentricities from which genius is but rarely free, and those occasional ebullitions which are the more remarked on account of the prominent position of the offender. Nothing is more easy than the condemnation with which the indifferent spectator visits the heated controversialist, and nothing more common than the transformation which makes him liable to his own cenThe proper inference to be drawn hence is, not that Truth should remain silent, and permit transgression to pass unrebuked, but rather that Charity should be ever at her side as a remembrancer of human infirmity, and man's many provocations and sore trials. sure. But we are occupying with our reflections the space which should be allotted to those who have better claims to be heard: "The same sort of magical authority over the spirit of romance, which belongs in common to Scott, Radcliffe. Walpole, and our countryman, Brown, is, for us, at least, possessed by this writer in an eminent degree. Places, for example, familiar to us from our boyhood, and which are now daily before our eyes, thronged with the vulgar associations of real life, are boldly seized upon for scenes of the wildest romance; and yet our imagination does not revolt This seems to us no inconsiderable proof of the power of the writer over us and his subject."-N. A. Review, xxiii. 152. at the incongruity. The critic, however, charges the author with many grave faults and signal failures in the delineation of character and manners; and it is somewhat remarkable that some of the most prominent critics among Mr. Cooper's own countrymen seem from the first to have been utterly unable to discover in our author those merits which have been so lavishly ascribed to him by others. There are occasionally, indeed, words of commendation, but they are scarcely discernible amidst pages of broad and unsparing censure. Whether just or otherwise in these abundant strictures, it is not in our province to determine. Certain it is, that if the author of The Spy and the Pilot could in his latter years claim to have been among the most voluminous writers of his day, the critics are not chargeable with the birth of so numerous a literary progeny. In his earlier walks in the realm of Romance, but the awkwardly-affected days he received, indeed, many invitations to continue his courtesy scarcely concealed the intentions of the lion which would persuade the lamb to leave the fold for the benefit of a summer day's excursion. Abroad, the great American novelist has not escaped censure we have already quoted something that can hardly be called compliment from the Quarterly Reviewers; but his distinguishing merits have been frankly acknowledged. Victor Hugo goes much further than Cooper's intelligent countrymen are willing to follow, when he places the author of The Spy above the "Wizard of the North." A more discriminating English critic has recorded his judgment, that "The power with which the scenes on the waste of waters are depicted, and the living interest with which Cooper invests every particle of a ship, as if it were all an intelligent being, cannot be excelled, and has never been reached by any author with whom language, for we may look in vain elsewhere for pictures so vivid, we are acquainted. For these qualities his novels will live with the so faithful, and so intelligible." The Edinburgh Review grants our author all that is ' claimed above, and only does him justice in enlarging the sphere of his dominions: "The empire of the sea has been conceded to him by acclamation; and in the lonely desert or untrodden prairie, among the savage Indians or scarcely less savage settlers, all equally acknowledge his dominion. Within this circle none dare move but he."" Messrs. W. A. Townsend & Co., the successors of Stringer & Townsend, will shortly issue a new ed. of Cooper's novels, beautifully illustrated by Darley, in 32 monthly vols. cr. 8vo, commencing March, 1859. We append a list, furnished by the publishers, of the dates of the first editions of the novels as separately published. The average sale of the novels by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, for the last fourteen years,― 1845-58,-has been fully 50,000 vols. per annum. The Pathfinder, 1840. The Red Skins, 1846. Jack Tier. 1848. Oak Openings, 1848. "The enduring monuments of Fenimore Cooper are his works. While the love of country continues to prevail, his memory will exist in the hearts of the people. ... So truly patriotic and American throughout, they should find a place in every American's library."-DANIEL WEBSTER. "His writings are instinet with the spirit of nationality. In his productions every American must take an honest pride. For surely no one has succeeded like Cooper in the portraiture of American character, or has given such glowing and eminently truthful pictures of American scenery."-WM. H. PRESCOTT. "He wrote for mankind at large; hence it is that he has earned a fame wider than any author of modern times. The creations of his genius shall survive through centuries to come, and only perish with our language."-WM. C. BRYANT. "The glory which he justly won was reflected on his country, and deserves the grateful recognition of all who survive him. His surpassing ability has made his own name and the names of the creations of his fancy household words' throughout the civilized world."-GEORGE BANCROFT. "The works of our great national novelist have adorned and elevated our literature. There is nothing more purely American, which the latest posterity will not willingly let die."-EDWARD EVERETT. "Cooper emphatically belongs to the nation. He has left a space in our literature which will not easily be supplied."-WASHINGTON IRVING. "His country and the world acknowledge and appreciate his claims, and the productions of his genius will go down to posterity among the noblest efforts of the age. He will ever live in the history of human greatness."-LEWIS CASS. "With what amazing power has he painted nature! How all his pages glow with creative fire! Who is there writing English among our contemporaries, if not of him, of whom it can be said, that he has a genius of the first order?"-Revue de Paris. "Altogether he is the most original writer that America has yet produced, and one of whom she may well be proud."-Lon. Athenæum. Cooper, John Gilbert, 1723-1769, was educated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, where he applied himself zealously to classical literature. The Power of Harmony, 1745: "In which he endeavoured to recommend a perfect attention to what is perfect and beautiful in nature, as the means of harmoniz ing the soul to a responsive regularity and sympathetic order. This imitation of the language of Shaftesbury's school was not affectation. He had studied the works of that nobleman with enthusiasm, and seems entirely to have regulated his conduct by the maxims of the ancient and modern academies." See Chal mers's Biog. Dict. The Life of Socrates, 1749, 8vo. In this work Cooper pub. some notes furnished by John Jackson, levelled against Bishop Warburton. The bishop thus returns the compliment in a note on an Essay on Criticism: "As ignorance, when joined with humility, produces stupid admiration, on which account it is so commonly observed to be the mother of devotion, and blind homage; so when joined with vanity (as it always is in bad critics) it gives birth to every iniquity of impudent abuse and slander. See an example (for want of a better) in a late worthless and now forgotten thing, called The Life of Socrates; where the head of the author (as a man of wit observed on reading the book) has just made the shift to do the office of a camera obscura, and represent things in an inverted order; himself above, and Sprat, Rollin, Voltaire, and every other author of importance, below."-Pope's Works, ed., 1751, i. 151. This is in the favourite style of the amiable prelate, and we need not be surprised that it somewhat excited the ire He followed up of the author of The Life of Socrates. the war by Remarks on Warburton's edition of Pope, in a Letter to a Friend, 1751. In this work Mr. C. appeals to the impartial reader, "Whether there is the least reflection through the whole Life of Socrates, or the Notes, upon W.'s morals, and whether he has not confined his criticism to W.'s practice as an author?" and he declares the epithet bestowed upon him to be a downright slander. Letters on Taste, 1754. "These Letters may still be perused with interest: they are more remarkable, however, for splendour of style and imagery than for strength of reasoning, and are occasionally tinged with the hue of affectation."-DR. DRAKE. The Tomb of Shakspeare, a Vision, 1755. The Genius of Britain, 1756. Epistles to the Great from Aristippus, 1758. The Call of Aristippus, 1758. Trans. of Ver Vert, 1759. Poems on several subjects, 1764-Originally con. to Dodsley's Museum, under the signature of Philaretes. "Mr. Cooper was a gentleman of an agreeble appearance, of polite address, and accomplished manners."-DR. KIPPIS. See Blog. Brit.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and Johnson and Chalmers's English Poets, and works cited above. Cooper, Joseph, 1635-1699, a Nonconformist divine. Eight Sermons on 1 Pet. v. 15, 1663, 8vo. Domus Mosaicæ Clavis, sive Legis Sepimentum, 1673, 12mo. "This is a curious Latin work, written in defence of the Masoretic doctrines and punctuation; in which Elias Levita, Cappelus, Walton, Morinus. Gordon, surnamed Huntly, are all attacked; and the Buxtorfs, Owen, Glassius, and the rest of the same school, are defended. Cooper was a pious and learned man; but on this subject had more zeal than knowledge."-ORME: Bibl. Bib. Cooper, Maria Susanna. Jane Shore to her Friends; a Poetic Epistle, 1776, 4to. The Exemplary Mother. The Wife, or Caroline Herbert, 1812, 2 vols.; posth. "An example of virtue which may be useful and interesting to many of our fair readers: particularly such as are speculating on matrimony."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1813. Cooper, Mary Grace. Thamuta, The Spirit of Death; and other poems, Lon., 1839, 12mo. "A pure pearl, deserving of notice: calculated to console and cheer the sick chamber, or rest amongst those Sabbath books which ought to have a place sacred and apart' in every English home." "We accord to Cooper an equal degree of talent and power with that ascribed to Scott, and would place the originality of the American author at a higher point. There is certainly in Cooper more power of concentration, a more epigrammatic style, and greater terseness of expression.... No one can peruse the works of Cooper-Britannia. without being convinced of the innate beauty of his own mind. His ethical notions are of the highest order, his morality is as pure as that of the men whose unaffected religion he is so fond of pourtraying. "The philosophy of his mind is of a high order, and few can be unsusceptible of this. The most ordinary reader must be conscious of a superiority and elevation of thought while he peruses the writings of Fenimore Cooper. The gentleness of his own mind, its lofty appreciation of every thing that was good, its innate poetry, breathed forth in his graphic descriptions of nature, in the love with which he regards the forests, the broad prairies, and the sunlighted valleys. "It is rarely so many qualities are combined in one writer. His name is endeared in his country, and his productions will hand it down to posterity with undiminished lustre. Cooper's novels will be standard works as long as fiction continues to excite an interest in the admirers of literature."-Obituary Notice, Eclectic Review. Cooper, John, Professor of Astrology. Primum Mobile, with Theses to the Theory and Canons of Practice, wherein is demonstrated from Astronomical and Philosophical Principles, the nature and extent of Celestial Influx on Man, 1814, 8vo. New Trans. of Dedacus Placidus de Titus's Primum Mobile, or Celestial Philosophy: Illustrated by upwards of 30 remarkable Nativities of the most eminent men in Europe, 1815, 8vo. He Cooper, Myles, D.D., d. at Edinburgh, 1785, aged about 50, was educated at the University of Oxford. emigrated to New York in 1762, and was (at the instance of the Archbishop of Canterbury) appointed Prof. of Moral Philosophy in King's College, New York city. In 1763 he succeeded Dr. Johnson as president. In 1775 his Tory principles caused him to leave America. He was subsequently one of the ministers of the Episcopal chapel of Edinburgh, in which city he died. Poems, 1758. Fast Sermon, 1776. Sermon on Civil Government, Oxf., 1777. He wrote on the subject of an American Episcopate, and also upon the politics of the country. To his pen is ascribed A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Americans on our Political Confusions, and the Necessary Consequences of Violently Opposing the King's Troops, &c., N. York, 1774, 8vo. Dr. Cooper was much disliked by the Whigs. Those who desire to become acquainted with the history of the Tories, as they were styled in the Revolutionary Contest of America, should consult Mr. Lorenzo Sabine's American Loyalists, Boston, 1847, 8vo. A new edit. is now (1858) in course of preparation. See SABINE, LORENZO. |