to "to-day" or "to-morrow," but by lengthening the inflection, and contrasting one with the other, you give them special prominence. Emphasis by inflection is the most intellectual of all modes, and prevails among cultured speakers. Emphasis by force has its legitimate place, but should be used sparingly. To pause just before or after a word is a deliberate and effective form of emphasis. It is a sign of self-control, and often conveys the impression of depth and earnestness.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTISE

1. What was it, fellow citizens, which gave to our Lafayette his spotless fame? The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory in the hearts of good men? The love of liberty. What nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him, in the morning of his days, with sagacity and counsel? The living love of liberty. To what did he sacrifice power, and rank, and country, and freedom itself? To the horror of licentiousness, to the sanctity of plighted faith, to the love of liberty protected by law. Thus the great principle of your Revolutionary fathers and of your Pilgrim sires was the rule of his life the love of liberty protected by law.

"On Lafayette."

EDWARD EVERETT.

2. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural

abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.

"Of Studies."

LORD BACON.

3. Dryden knew more of man in his general nature, and Pope in his local manners. The notions of Dryden were formed by comprehensive speculation, those of Pope by minute attention. There is more dignity in the knowledge of Dryden, more certainty in that of Pope. The style of Dryden is capricious and varied, that of Pope cautious and uniform. Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind; Pope constrains his mind to his own rules of composition. Dryden's page is a natural field, rising into inequalities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetation; Pope's is the velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe, and leveled by the roller. If the flights of Dryden are higher, Pope continues longer on the wing. If, of Dryden's fire, the blaze is brighter, of Pope's the heat is more regular and constant. Dryden often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. Dryden is read with frequent astonishment, and Pope with perpetual delight.

"Dryden and Pope."

SAMUEL JOHNSON.

4. True eloquence does not consist in speech. It can not be brought from far. Labor and learning may toil for it, but they will toil in vain. Words and phrases may be marshaled in every way, but they can not compass it. It must exist in the man, in the subject, and in the occasion. Affected passion, intense expression, the pomp of declamation, all may aspire after itthey can not reach it. It comes, if it comes at all, like the outbreaking of a fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth of volcanic fires, with spontaneous, original, native force. The graces taught in the schools, the costly ornaments, and studied contrivances of speech, shock and disgust men, when their own lives, and the fate of their wives, their children, and their country hang on the decision of the hour. Then words have lost their power, rhetoric is vain, and all elaborate oratory is contemptible. Even genius itself feels rebuked and subdued, as in the presence of higher qualities. Then patriotism is elo

quent; then self-devotion is eloquent. The clear conception, outrunning the deductions of logic, the high purpose, the firm resolve, the dauntless spirit, speaking on the tongue, beaming from the eye, informing every feature, and urging the whole man onward, right onward to his object-this, this is eloquence; or, rather, it is something greater and higher than all eloquence -it is action, noble, sublime, Godlike action.

"True Eloquence."

DANIEL WEBSTER.

FOURTH LESSON

PART 1. DRILL

1. Physical Culture, Deep Breathing, and Voice Exercise. Review the exercises of Lesson Four of the first

3. Pronunciation. Drill in words for the sounds of a, as in ask and all (see page 213).

You have already seen that a judicious pause gives special emphasis to a word or phrase. The large use of pausing, however, is so to group words together as to give added clearness to thought. It will at once be seen, therefore, that proper pausing lends unusual interest to expression. Your pausing, like your emphasis, will disclose your

grasp and estimate of what you are reading. While your pauses should be as frequent and varied as the thought requires, you should be careful not to pause too often, else a jerky effect may be the result. Most persons read and speak too rapidly; hence it will be well for you to err on the side of deliberateness.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTISE

1. As the heaven is high above the earth, so great is His mercy toward them that fear Him. As far as the east is from the west, so far hath He removed our transgressions from us. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him. For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust. As for man, his days are as grass; flower of the field, so he flourisheth. For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more. "Psalm 103:11-16." THE BIBLE.

as a

2. Beauty is an all-pervading presence. It unfolds in the numberless flowers of the spring. It waves in the branches of the trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and sea, and gleams out in the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects, but the ocean, the mountains, the clouds, the heavens, the stars, the rising and setting sun, all overflow with beauty. The universe is its temple; and those men who are alive to it can not lift their eyes without feeling themselves encompassed with it on every side. Now this beauty is so precious, the enjoyments it gives are so refined and pure, so congenial with our tenderest and noblest feelings, and so akin to worship, that it is painful to think of the multitude of men as living in the midst of it, and living almost as blind to it as if, instead of this fair earth and glorious sky, they were tenants of a dungeon. An infinite joy is lost to the world by the want of culture of this spiritual endowment.

"The Sense of Beauty."

W. E. CHANNING.