of the subject thereof include special reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system, shall be included in the branch of the study now and hereafter required to be regularly taught and studied by all the pupils in the common schools of this State.

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Boards of Directors and County Examiners to see to the observance of this statute and make provision therefor, and it is especially enjoined upon the county examiner of each county that he include in his report to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the manner and extent to which the requirements of section 1 of this act are complied with in the schools and institutions of the county.

Sec. 3. After two years from the passage of this act no license shall be granted to any person to teach in the public schools of this State who has not passed a satisfactory examination in Physiology and Hygiene with special reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system.

Sec. 4. That this act take effect and be enforced from and after the first day of July, 1899.

Approved March 10, 1899.

CALIFORNIA.

Act approved March 15, 1889. Statutes and Amendments, 1889, 189.

Sec. 25. Section sixteen hundred and sixty-five of the Political Code is hereby amended so as to read as follows:

1665. Instruction must be given in the following branches, in the several grades in which each may be required, viz. : . . . Elements of physiology and hygiene, with special instruction as to the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human sys

tem.

[The words after "Elements of physiology" were first added by act approved March 15, 1887. Statutes and Amendments, 1887, 142.]

Act approved March 15, 1887. Statutes and Amendments, 1887, 142.

Sec. 2. Section one thousand six hundred and sixty-seven of the Political Code is hereby amended to read as follows:

1667. Instruction must be given in all grades of public schools and in all classes during the entire school course, in manners and morals, and upon the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effect upon the human system.

COLORADO.

2 Mills' Annotated Statutes, pages 2125, 2126.

Sec. 4043. The public schools of this State shall be taught in the English language, and the school board shall provide to have taught in such schools the branches specified in fifteen of said chapter, and such other branches of learning in other languages as they may deem expedient, including Hygiene with special reference to the effects of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics upon the human body. [G. L. 1877, page 835, sec. 2523; G. S. 1883, page 904, sec. 3073; as amended by L. 1887, page 401, sec. 37.]

[Sec. 15. Includes physiology and the laws of health.]

Sec. 4046. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and special instructions as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in the public schools of the State, and shall be studied and taught as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like required branches are in said schools, by the use of text-books, designated by the board of directors of the respective school districts, in the hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied in said schools, and by all pupils in all said schools throughout the State.

Sec. 4047. That it shall be the duty of the proper officers, in control of any school, described in the foregoing section, to enforce the provisions of this act; and any such officer, school director, committee, superintendent, or teacher, who shall refuse, fail, or neglect to comply with the requirements of this act, or shall neglect, refuse, or fail to make proper provisions for the instruction required, and in the manner specified by the first section of this act, for all pupils in each and every school under his or her jurisdiction, shall be removed from office, and the vacancy filled as in other cases. [The last two sections were an act approved April 4, 1887. Laws of 1887, 378.]

CONNECTICUT.

Connecticut Laws, 1893, ch. 157, sec. 5, repealed sections 2100 and 2141 of the General Statutes of 1888. Sec. 2100 is ch. 139, and sec. 2141 is ch. 116 of the laws of 1886.

The 1893 law provides that:

Sec. 1. The nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and special instruction as to their effect on the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in the common or public schools, and shall be studied and taught as other like required branches,

by the use of graded text-books in the hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied, and orally in the case of pupils unable to read, and by all pupils in all schools supported wholly or in part by public money.

Sec. 2. The text-books used for the instruction required by the preceding section for intermediate and primary pupils shall give at least one fifth of their space to the consideration of the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and the books used in the highest grade of graded schools shall contain at least twenty pages of matter relating to this subject; but when this subject is massed wholly or in part in a chapter or chapters at the end of a book, such book shall not be considered as meeting the requirements of this law.

Act approved May 29, 1901. Public Acts, 1901, ch. 81.

Sec. 1. The effects of alcohol and narcotics on health, and especially on character, shall be taught in connection with hygiene, as a regular branch of study, to all pupils above the third grade in all graded public schools, except public high schools.

Sec. 2. Suitable text-books of physiology and hygiene, which explain the effects of alcohol and narcotics on the human system, shall be used in grades above the fifth in all graded public schools, except public high schools.

Sec. 3. The provisions of sections one and two of this act shall apply, in ungraded public schools, to classes corresponding to the grades designated in said sections.

Sec. 4. All normal schools and teachers' training schools shall give instruction in the subjects prescribed in section one of this act, and in the best methods of teaching such subjects.

Sec. 5. No certificate to teach in grades above the third shall be granted to any person who has not passed a satisfactory examination in the subjects prescribed in section one of this act.

Sec. 6. If it shall be satisfactorily proven to the comptroller that any town or district, having pupils above the third grade, has failed to meet the requirements of this act, such failure shall be deemed sufficient cause for withholding, in whole or in part, school dividends which such town or district would be entitled to receive.

Sec. 7. Chapter clvii. of the Public Acts of 1893, and sections 2100 and 2141 of the General Statutes, are hereby repealed.

DELAWARE.

Act approved May 12, 1898. Laws of 1898, ch. 67.

Sec. 16. It shall be the further duty of each of said committees and Boards of Education to see that all the pupils in all the free schools in the district are instructed in physiology and hygiene, with special refer

ence to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics on the human system, and to see that all the said schools are sufficiently supplied with such text-books relating to such subjects as are furnished the district in the distribution of free text-books hereinafter provided. Any teacher in any of the free schools of the State, failing to so instruct any pupils under his governance, shall, unless ordered to the contrary by a school officer having authority over him, be liable to a fine of twenty-five dollars, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of the proper county by any informer, and any school officer ordering a teacher under him not to instruct pupils as aforesaid shall be liable to light fine, recoverable as aforesaid by any informer.

[An earlier law was passed April 12, 1887, found in vol. 18, ch. 69 of the Laws of Delaware, and amended in 1893 at 347 of the laws of that year.]

Revised Statutes, sec. 242.

FLORIDA.

Each board of public institution is directed-... tenth.

To prescribe, in consultation with prominent teachers, a course of study for the schools of the county and grade them properly; and to require to be taught in every public school in the county over which they preside, elementary physiology, especially as it relates to the effects of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics, morally, mentally, and physically; and all persons applying for certificates to teach shall be examined upon this branch of the study, under the same conditions that other branches require by law.

[Law enacted June 8, 1889.]

GEORGIA.

This is the only State having no law on the subject.

IDAHO.

Act approved February 17, 1899. Session Laws, 1899, page 306. Sec. 8. Teacher's Certificates -Qualifications - Signatures. He shall grant certificates to teachers in such form as the state superintendent of public instruction shall prescribe, and to those persons only who shall have attained the age of eighteen years, who have attended the said public examination, and shall be found to possess good moral character, thorough scholarship, and the ability to instruct and govern a school; but no certificate shall be granted to any person who shall not pass a satisfactory examination in orthography, reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, history of the U. S., civil government, physiology, and hygiene, with particular reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human

system, theory and practice of teaching, state constitution, and so much of the general school laws as relates to the duties and responsibilities of teaching. All certificates shall be signed by the county superintendent, and no person shall be considered a qualified teacher within the meaning of the school law, who has not a certificate granted by the said superintendent or other legal authority. Provided That all examination questions shall have been prepared as prescribed by law, furnished under seal, and opened before the applicants for certificates on the day of examination. Provided: That first grade certificates shall be granted to all applicants who are otherwise qualified according to law, and who shall have passed all the branches required in this section, and algebra in addition thereto, with a general average of not less than ninety per cent., and with a minimum of not less than seventy-five per cent. in any branch, and all applicants who are otherwise qualified according to law shall be granted second grade certificates who shall have attained a general average of eighty per cent., and a minimum in any branch of not less than seventy per cent., and third grade certificates shall be granted to all applicants who are otherwise qualified according to law, who shall have attained a general average of seventy-five per cent., and a minimum in any branch of not less than sixty per cent. Provided, further: That each applicant for teacher's certificate under the provisions of this act shall pay the county superintendent the sum of one dollar, the same to be deposited by him in the county treasury to the credit of the institute fund, to be used in institute work in addition to the regular appropriation.

ILLINOIS.

Act approved June 1, 1889. Laws of 1889, page 345.

1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: that the proper legal school authorities shall have power, and it shall be their duty, to have all pupils of suitable age in schools of Illinois, supported by public money or under state control, instructed in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic beverages, stimulants, and narcotics on the human system.

2. No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in the public schools of Illinois after July, 1890, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic beverages, stimulants, and narcotics on the human system.