(n) Spring foliage. (0) A fat boy. (p) Street in fog. (q) A crowd of strikers. (w) A desert. (x) A ruined cabin or cottage. (y) A field of oats. (2) A long, straight road. 6. Make a list of hackneyed, trite, or commonplace figures which you consider it well to avoid. 7. Notice the figures of speech in the New Testament and in Milton's Paradise Lost. What would be the effect of omitting these figures or of altering them? 8. Why are figures of speech more numerous in poetry than in the newspaper? 9. Justify the following figures of speech: (a) It was on the full river of love that Sir Willoughby supposed the whole floating bulk of his personality to be sustained. MEREDITH: The Egoist. (b) He had no fear of that fiery dragon of scorching breath the newspaper Press - while Vernon was his right-hand man. MEREDITH: The Egoist. (c) Wait yet a little longer, and you shall see those mists gather themselves into white towers and stand like fortresses along the promontories, massy and motionless. RUSKIN: Modern Painters. (d) The smouldering sun, seeming not far away, but burning like a red-hot ball beside you, and as if you could reach it, plunges through the rushing wind and rolling cloud witn headlong fall, as if it meant to rise no more, dyeing all the air about it with blood. RUSKIN: Modern Painters. Faster and more fast, O'er night's brim, day boils at last: Boils, pure gold, o'er the cloud-cup's brim For not a froth-flake touched the rim Of the eastern cloud, an hour away; But forth one wavelet, then another, curled, Flickered in bounds, grew gold, then overflowed the world. BROWNING: Pippa Passes. REFERENCES BALDWIN, C. S. Composition Oral and Written, pp. 158-60. BUTLER, G. P. School English, pp. 119-62. CLARK, J. SCOTT. A Practical Rhetoric, pp. 187-240. GARDINER, KITTREDGE, and ARNOLD. Essentials of Composition and Rhetoric, pp. 370-91. GENUNG, J. F. Practical Elements of Rhetoric, pp. 85-107. GREENOUGH, J. B. Words and Their Ways in English Speech, pp. 309-29. HERRICK and DAMON. New Composition and Rhetoric for Schools, p. 493. HITCHCOCK, A. M. Enlarged Practice-Book in English Composition, pp. 305-25. LOCKWOOD, S. E. H. Lessons in English, pp. 66-117. NESFIELD, J. C. Manual of English Grammar and Composition, pp. 210-52. NESFIELD, J. C. Senior Course of English Composition, pp. 3–19. SHAW, E. R. English Composition by Practice, pp. 82-109. a as in āle, labor ǎ as in ăm, făt ä as in fär, ärm å as in åsk, dånce â as in câre, âir 14. DIACRITICAL MARKS a as in preface, senate ǎ as in infant, finăl a as in hall, call ē as in ēve, serēne ě as in mět, lět adept (ȧ-děpt') adobe (ȧ-dō'bě) aggrandize (ăg rắn-diz) aliment (ǎl'1-ment) allopathy (a-lop'ȧ-thi) allopathic (alo-path'ĭk) almond (a'mund or ǎl'mund) alpaca (ǎl-pak'α) amenable (a-me'nȧ-b'l) anchovy (ăn cho vi) anemone (ȧ-něm'o-ně) animalcule (ǎn'1-măl'kül) apotheosis (ap'ô-theō-sis or ȧ-poth'ê-o'sis) apparatus (ap'ȧ-rā'tus) apricot (a'pri-kot or ǎp'ri-kot) arbiter (är'bl-tĕr) arbutus (är'bu-tus or är-bü'tus) archangel (ärk'ān'jěl) architrave (är'kl-trāv) arctic (ärk'tik) arraign (ă-rān') aspirant (ǎs-pir'ănt) aspirate (ǎs'pl-rât) athletic (ǎth-lět'ik) aunt (änt) automobile (ôtô-mobil or t mo-bēl') In this list the Webster's New International Dictionary has been used as authority. brougham (broo'ům, broom, or entrée (äN'trā') breadth (brědth) calliope (kǎ-ir'o-pê) eczema (ěk'zē-mȧ) equinox (e'kwi-nŏks) every (ěv'er-1; ĕv'ri) cantaloupe (kǎn'tȧ-loop or kăn'- exponent (eks-pō'něnt) conduit (kon'dit; formerly, and gladiolus (glå-di'ō-lés) cognomen (kog-nō'měn) column (kŏl'um) condolence (kon-dō'lens) gherkin (gûr'kin) ghoul (gool) gibbet (jib'ět; jib'it) gondola (gon'dō-lå) granary (gran'ȧ-ri) gratis (gratis) grimace (gri-mās') harass (hăr'ăs) harbinger (här'bin-jer) gyve (jiv) height (hit) heinous (ha'nus) herculean (her-kūlề ăn) hermetically (her-mět'i-kăl-1) history (his'to-ri) holocaust (hol'ō-kôst) homeopathic (home 0 păth′k) homeopathy (hō'mē-Ŏp'ȧ-thi) homicide (hom'I-sid) hospitable (hos'pĬ-tȧ-b'l) hostage (hos'taj) hundred (hun'dred) dessert (dě-zûrt') desultory (děs'ul-to-ri) detonate (dět'ō-nāt) diamond (di'a-mund) diocesan (di-ěse-sắn; di’j-sẽ- idea (I-dể ả) dislocate (dis'lo-kat) sẵn) impious (Im'pl-us) impotent (Im'po-těnt) inchoate (in'ko-at) doughty (dou'ti) inclement (In-klěněnt) incomparable (In-kom'pȧ-rȧ-b'l) indissoluble (In-dis'ô-lû b'l) inquiry (In-kwir'1) inveigle (In-ve'g'l) irrelevant (1-rěl'é-vănt) irremediable (Ir'ê-mē'di-d-b'l) irreparable (1-rĕp'ȧ-rȧ-b'l) irrevocable (1-rěv'ô-kȧ-b'l) Italian (1-tǎl'yăn) jugular (joo'gu-lår) laboratory (lăb ́ð-rå-tð-rÌ) Madeira (må-dē'rȧ) mineralogy (min'ĕr-ăl-o-ji) mischievous (mis'chi-vus) museum (mu-zē'um) mushroom (mush'room) muskrat (musk'rǎt') mustache (mus-tåsh'; moos-tåsh') poem (pō'ěm) precedence (pre-sēd'ĕns) pumpkin (pump'kin) quay (kē) raspberry (raz'bĕr-1) recognize (rěk'ŏg-niz) regular (règ'u-lår) rinse (rins) robust (ro-bust') romance (ro-măns') sacrifice (săk'ri-fiz, or -fis) sarsaparilla (sär'så-på-ril'å) satiety (så-ti'e-ti) sinecure (sI'ně-kur) sophomore (sõf'ð-mōr) stature (stat'ür) status (status) surprise (sur-priz') sword (sōrd) taxidermist (tǎk'si-dûr'mist) temperament (těm'per-ȧ měnt) temperature (těm per-ȧ-tür) tremendous (tre-men'dus) turquoise (tur-koiz'; tûr'kwoiz) vagary (vå-gā'rl) valuable (val'-ȧ-b'l) variegate (va'ri-e-gāt) vaudeville (vōd'vil) xylophone (zi'lo-fōn) perspiration (pûr'spl-ra'shun) plagiarism (plă'ji-á-riz'm) zoölogy (ző-Ŏlíð-ji) 16. COMMON ERRORS IN SPEECH AND WRITING Affect, a verb; should not be confused with the noun effect. Correct: What was the effect of the news? How did the news affect her? Aggravate, meaning to increase a condition already exist |