556. The principle of the bent axle. 557. The single-horse tilt-cart. 558. The body-frame of the tilt-cart. 559. The joining of slots and bearer of the tilt-cart. 560. The hook-bolt of the tilt-cart. 561. The side elevation of the tilt-cart. 562. The iron ends of the top-rails of the tilt-cart. 563. The iron stay of the tilt-cart. 564. The bottom-plan of the tilt-cart. 565. The front view of the tilt-cart. 566. The lock and section of contiguous parts of the tilt-cart. 567. The yoking-geer of the shafts of the tilt-cart. 568. The back view and door of the tiltcart. 569. The dormant-bodied cart. 570. The corn and hay-frame for the body of the cart. 571. The transverse section of the hayframe of the cart. 572. Side elevation of the corn and hay cart. 573. The transverse section of the corn and hay cart. 574. Robertson's improved corn and hay cart. 575. The principles that determine the angle of the draught in the cart. 576. The plan of the cart-steelyard. 577. Transverse section of the cart-steelyard. 578. Longitudinal section of the cartsteelyard. OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE CULTURE OF CORN. Fig. 302. Casting in a stack to be thrashed. 304. Feeding-in corn into the thrashingmill in the upper barn. 305. The measuring up of corn in the corn-barn. 409. Shewing the good effects of the equal deposition of seeds. 411. The planting of potatoes. 424. The singling of turnips. 490. The structure of sound wheat and smut-ball compared. 521. The corn-band ready to receive the the cut-corn. 522. The barley and oat stook hooded. 523. The wheat-stook without hoods. 525. The mowing of corn with the scythe. 526. A gait of oats. 527. A Swedish stook. 533. Forming the stool for a stack of corn; loading the cart with sheaves; and building the stack. 534. The lozenge form of roping the covering of a stack of corn. 535. The net-work form of roping the covering of a stack of corn. 536. The Border method of covering and roping a stack of corn. 544. The conical and prismatic forms of potato-pits. 545. The component parts of a grain of wheat. 546. A plant of wheat in a state of ger mination. OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH TURNIP CULTURE AND USE. Fig. 208. The methods of stripping the sternus). 269. The ox-louse (Trichodectes scalaris). 296. The horse-louse (Trichodectes equi). 301. The sow-louse (Hæmatopinus suis). 394 a. The oat-grub (Tipula oleracea). 394 d. The wheat-fly (Cecidemoia tritici). 425. The turnip saw-fly (Athalia spinarum). 449. The cattle-bot (Estrus bovis), and Sheep-bot (Estrus ovis). ... 450. Larva and pupa of the cattle cleg (Tabanus bovinus). ... 453. The cleg or gleg (Hæmatopota pluvialis). 454. The horse-bot (Gastrophilus equi). 455. The horse-fly (Chrysops cœcutiens). 456. The horse forest-fly (Hippobosca equina), bird spider-fly (Ornithomia avicularia), and sheep-ked (Melophagus ovinus). 466. Maggot of the chequered blow-fly (Sarcophaga carnaria). ... 474. The cheese-fly and maggot (Piophila 2 THE BOOK OF THE FARM. 1. OF THE DIFFICULTIES WHICH THE YOUNG FARMER HAS TO ENCOUNTER AT THE OUTSET OF LEARNING PRACTICAL HUSBANDRY. The young farmer, left to his own guidance, when beginning to learn his profession, encounters many perplexing difficulties. The difficulty which at first most prominently obtrudes itself on his notice, consists in the distribution of the labour of the farm; and it presents itself, in this way :-He observes the teams employed one day in one field, at one kind of work; and, perhaps, the next day in another field, at a different sort of work. He observes the persons, employed as fieldworkers, assisting the teams one day; and in the next, perhaps, working by themselves in another field or elsewhere. He observes those changes with attention, considers of their utility, but cannot discover the reasons for making so very varied arrangements; not because he entertains the least doubt of their propriety, but, being as yet uninitiated in the art of farming, he cannot foresee the purpose for which those labours are performed. The reason why he cannot at once foresee this, is, that in all cases, excepting at the finishing operations, the end is unattained at the time of his observation. The next difficulty the young farmer encounters is in the variety of the labours performed. He not only sees various arrangements made to do the same sort of work, but various kinds of work. He discovers this difference on examining more closely into the nature of the work he sees performing. He observes one day the horses at work in the plough A |