on until Lee and Johnston laid down their rebellious arms, and Davis fled for his life, it encouraged and nerved by word and deed the soldier in the field, aided much in the recruitment of men by its approval of the cause, and its openly avowed abhorrence of rebels and those who sympathized with them and opposed the war. Where it did not, cowardice most mean and grovelling, disloyalty gross, and blackest treason, prevented its being included in the Providence of God among the instrumentalities to save the nation, and hence, neither deserves nor can expect any better fate than the certain condemnation of every true lover of his country and of his race, and the disapproval of the God of nations.

The valuable services rendered at this time by the loyal Press throughout the State can never be over-estimated; for its successful efforts in strengthening the hands of public officers, in moulding public opinion in favor of loyalty to the Government, in encouraging patriotism among the masses, and inspiring those at the front with a heroism leading to gallant deeds. The Adjutant-General further says in his report:

"Immediately following the issue of this order, applications reached the Adjutant-General's office, by telegraph and otherwise, from all sections of the State, urging authority to recruit, and desiring instructions and forms for the enlistment of companies. Facilities to promote this purpose were promptly furnished, and as soon as the camp grounds could be provided with suitable quarters, men began to flock in by companies and detachments. The gentlemen who had been charged with the duty of supervising the organization of the regiments performed their labors with diligence and success, and in little over a month from the date of the President's call, men enough had been raised in the State, and nearly enough were in camp, to fill all the regiments which the War Department had asked for as the number first needed under the President's requisition.

"In the meantime, while the patriotism of the people was thus zealously manifesting itself in all portions of the State, the people of Detroit and of Wayne county desired an opportunity to put in the field a regiment of their own citizens, in addition to those already in progress. Authority was promptly given by the Governor for this purpose, and the 24th regiment was ordered, organized under the direction of Colonel H. A. Morrow, and placed in rendezvous at Detroit, making the eighth infantry regiment then in course of completion.

The Executive of the nation, Abraham Lincoln, was looking anxiously into the future and calling earnestly upon the States for information as to what he might expect to sustain him in meeting coming emergencies. Under date of July 28th, he telegraphed to Governor Blair:

"It would be of great service here for us to know as fully as you can tell, what progress is made and making in recruiting for old regiments in your State. Also, about what day the first new regiment can move from you, what the second, what the third, and so on. This information is important to us in making calculations. Please give it as promptly and accurately as you can."

To this dispatch the Governor instantly replied as follows:

"Very little can be done in recruiting old regiments until the new regiments are filled up; although every exertion will be made to do so. The new regiments will commence to take the field about the 1st September, or sooner, if possible, and will all be in service in the field during that month." In providing for the immense reinforcements to the national armies under this call, some delay in arming and equipping the troops unavoidably occurred, and the Michigan regiments were ready before their field equip

ment. With great dispatch, however, they were put in readiness for the field, and left the State fully armed, clothed, and equipped, in the order hereafter mentioned.

On the completion of the eight regiments referred to, it was ascertained that in the rush to the rescue more companies had been raised than could be placed in the district regiments, and on the 20th of August an order was issued from the Adjutant-General's office directing the recruitment of the 25th and 26th regiments of infantry, and assigning the surplus companies thereto.

The 25th rendezvoused at Kalamazoo, under the direction of the Hon. H. G. Wells, commandant of camp, and the 26th at Jackson, in command of Colonel Judson S. Farrar. They were put in condition for active service with much promptness, and left the State immediately thereafter.

About the time that the President's last call for volunteers appeared, the Governor had permission from the War Department to send into the field. another regiment of cavalry, and authority was given to Colonel R. H. G. Minty, then lieutenant-colonel of the 3d cavalry, to proceed at once to raise the 4th cavalry. Appointments to recruit were eagerly sought for, and the regiment was rapidly raised to the maximum, and on the 29th of July was ordered into rendezvous at Detroit. On the 29th of August it was mustered into the United States service, and was only awaiting its horses and equipments. As soon as these were provided, it left the State on the 26th of September.

Soon after the organization of the 4th, Colonel J. T. Copeland, late of the 1st cavalry, sought and obtained the permission of the War Department, approved by the Governor, to raise another regiment for the same branch of service; and still later-when the President had issued an order providing for the draft of a further force of 300,000 men, Hon. F. W. Kellogg, member of Congress from this State, secured authority (also subject to approval by the Governor) to raise two additional regiments for the same arm. The 5th and 6th cavalry, comprising two of the three regiments thus authorized, were recruited with great rapidity, and would have been in the field by the 1st of October had horses, arms, and equipments been provided as fast as the men were ready for them. They left the State in the early part of December.

The 9th battery of light artillery was raised in connection with the 5th cavalry, by Captain I. I. Daniels, and left for the field with that regiment, fully equipped and mounted.

The bodies of troops thus referred to comprise all the district organizations that were sent from the State into active service since the requisition of the President, made on the 2d of July, and are as follows:

The 17th regiment infantry, from Detroit, August 27, 982 strong-Colonel W. H. Withington commanding.

The 24th regiment infantry, from Detroit, August 29, 1027 strongColonel H. A. Morrow commanding.

The 20th regiment infantry, from Jackson, September 1, 1012 strongColonel A. W. Williams commanding.

The 18th regiment infantry, from Hillsdale, September 4, 1002 strongColonel C. E. Doolittle commanding.

The 22d regiment infantry, from Pontiac, September 4, 997 strong-Col. M. Wisner commanding.

The 21st regiment infantry, from Ionia, September 12, 1007 strong-Col. A. E. Stevens commanding.

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The 19th regiment infantry, from Dowagiac, September 14, 995 strongCol. H. C. Gilbert commanding.

The 23d regiment infantry, from East Saginaw, September 18, 883 strongCol. M. W. Chapin commanding.

The 4th regiment cavalry, from Detroit, September 26, 1223 strong-Col. R. H. G. Minty commanding.

The 25th regiment infantry, from Kalamazoo, September 29, 896 strongCol. O. H. Moore commanding.

The 9th battery, from Detroit, December 4, 168 strong-Captain J. J. Daniels commanding.

The 5th regiment cavalry, from Detroit, December 4, 1305 strong-Col. J. T. Copeland commanding.

The 6th regiment cavalry, from Grand Rapids, December 10, 1220 strongCol. George Gray commanding.

The 26th regiment infantry, from Jackson, December 13, 903 strongCol. J. S. Farrar commanding.

The quality of the men, physically, mentally, and morally, forming the material of these regiments, has never been and can never be excelled in the armies of any State or nation, and it may well be questioned if it was ever equaled outside of the limits of the Union.

The infantry regiments went to the field thoroughly armed and equipped, the arms furnished being of a superior quality. The cavalry were equally well equipped; but a portion of the arms of some of them were not furnished until after reaching the seat of war.

At the time the call was made by the President, and on which the above designated regiments were raised, much anxiety as to coming events and results existed throughout the land, and great despondency pervaded the masses, prevailing to an alarming extent in the army. The disasters of Bull Run and Ball's Bluff, and Bank's retreat from the Valley of the Shenandoah were fresh in the memory. McClellan's fruitless peninsula campaign had just terminated. Gloom covered the Union cause throughout the North, and loyal hearts were sad. But with these disasters and discouragements patriotism seemed to grapple, and strong and loyal men flocked to service under the standard of their country, without money or price, and with laudable determination. The regiments referred to were recruited in these memorable days, the darkest of the rebellion. Fighting had produced much suffering, and bullets, death, and war had proved a fearful reality; yet patriotism in Michigan was at its maximum, and her people demonstrated their indomitable pluck.

While great activity prevailed among the people and in the State Military Departments, in meeting the call of July 2d, strong hopes were entertained that the final requisition for additional volunteers had been reached. The President issued an order on the 4th of August for a draft to be made without delay of 300,000 militia to serve for nine months. On the 9th of the same month general orders were promulgated by the War Department, assigning the quotas of the several States, that of Michigan being 11,686, same as under the last call.

Special instructions of a later date directed that if volunteers for old and new regiments mustered from July 2d exceeded the number called for (11,686) the excess might be deducted from the number drafted.

Accepting the exigency, the Governor issued his proclamation to the proper civil officers of each township and ward to make a complete census of the citizens of proper age and forward returns to the county clerk of their respective counties on or before the 10th day of September following. This

new demand upon the resources and patriotism of the people was assented to with great unanimity, and its propriety and necessity generally accepted, but the desire was to obviate a draft, and strong efforts were being put forth to furnish the quota in volunteers.

The commissioners appointed by the Governor to superintend the draft, together with the sheriffs and clerks of counties, were constituted recruiting officers.

General orders were issued from the Adjutant-General's Department of the State, apportioning the quota to be raised on the basis of the census of 1860, (the military enumeration being yet incomplete,) and accrediting each county with the number of men which had been furnished by each since the 2d of July, as shown by special returns made from the regiments themselves, and appointing the following-named persons to carry the draft into effect in their respective counties:

Allegan county, Henry Dumont, commissioner; L. Foster, surgeon. Branch county, Geo. A. Coe, commissioner; Phineas P. Nichols, Henry B. Stillman, surgeons. Berrien county, Charles R. Brown, commissioner; John M. Roe, Morgan Enos, surgeons. Bay county, Henry Raymond, commissioner; Chas. H. Reynolds, surgeon. Barry county, Norman Bailey, commissioner; John Roberts, surgeon. Calhoun county, J. B. Greenough, commissioner; Z. T. Slater, W. H. Johnson, surgeons. Cass county, Chas. W. Clisbee, commissioner; Alonzo Garwood, surgeon. Clinton county, R. Stickland, commissioner; Dr. Topping, surgeon. Cheboygan county, Eaton county, Joseph M. Hazlett, commissioner; Alden B. Sampson, surgeon. Emmet county, Genessee county, Warner Lake, commissioner; Daniel Clarke, surgeon. Gratiot county, commissioner; John B. Cheeseman, surgeon. Grand Traverse, Morgan Bates, commissioner; surgeon. Hillsdale county, E. O. Grosvenor, commissioner; A. Cressy, surgeon. Huron county, W. D. Luddington, commissioner. Ingham county, Lemuel Woodhouse, commissioner; Dr. Hill, surgeon. Ionia county, Albert Williams, commissioner. Isabella county, Jackson county, Eugene Pringle, commissioner; Gordon Chittack, surgeon. Kent county, P. H. L. Pierce, commissioner; Almon M. Ellsworth, surgeon. Kalamazoo county, Charles S. May, commissioner; Wm. Mottram, surgeon. Lapeer county, Virtulon Rich, commissioner; Oliver T. Strowbridge, surgeon. Livingston county, William Riddle, commissioner; Chas. W. Haze, surgeon. Lenawee county, Perley Bills, commissioner; Dr. Pearsoll, Edwin P. Andrews, surgeons. Leelanaw county, Macomb county, Dexter Muzzy, commissioner. Mecosta county, Midland county, Lorenzo F. Taylor, commissioner. Manitou county, Mason county, Manistee county, Monroe county, Edwin P. Dorch, commissioner and surgeon. Montcalm county, R. K. Divine, commissioner. Muskegon county, Chauncey Davis, commissioner. Newaygo county, John A. Brooks, commissioner; A. D. Leonard, surgeon. Oceana county, Ottawa county, C. B. Albee, commissioner; J. D. North, surgeon. Oakland county, Clark Beardslee, commissioner. Shiawasse county, Iona Fuller, commissioner; David F. Alsdorf, surgeon. Saginaw county, Addison Brewer, commissioner; Hiram C. Driggs, surgeon. St. Clair county, Marcus H. Miles, commissioner; C. M. Stockwell, surgeon. St. Joseph county, John W. Frey, commissioner; Francis J. Morse, surgeon. Tuscola county, Charles B. Mills, commissioner; Wm. Johnson, surgeon. Van Buren county, O. T. Welch, commissioner; John W. Emery, Eugene Bitely, Decatur, surgeons. Wastenaw county, James McMahon, commissioner; D. A. Post, Ebenezer Mills, surgeons. Wayne county, Christian H. Buhl, commissioner; E. M. Clark, J. M. Swift,

Louis Davenport; Dr. Keiffer, surgeons. C. H. Buhl of Wayne resigned after serving a considerable time, and was succeeded by Joseph Warren. In counties where commissioners and surgeons were not appointed by this order, the Sheriffs thereof were authorized to designate commissioners, with power to appoint surgeons.

On account of the want of preparation in most of the States for an immediate draft, the Government found it expedient to postpone the period for it to take place and to extend the time for the completion of the regiments in process of organization.

In the meantime the most strenuous and effective measures were being continued by most of the townships and wards then behind to furnish the number required of them without recourse to draft, and to aid in this, large local bounties were offered and the most efficient means of recruiting employed.

The results of the military census are presented in the following table taken from the Adjutant-General's report for 1862. Where the figures are omitted in the first column, the counties failed to make returns.

Table showing the number of persons between the ages of 18 and 45 enrolled by Assessors, September 10, 1862, the number exempted, and the number subject to draft; together with the number returned in June, under a law of the State.