either of the preceding periods of seven years, when the quantity produced was nearly the same; or that which followed, when the harvests of England failed, and revulsion overtook the commercial world. In the year 1839 the crop of tobacco failed, and the range of that year was very high; but omitting that year, the average was still higher than in the years of high United States duties. The average, for the seven years of the descending scale of the com promise tariff, was 60 per cent. higher than in the three years since the tariff of 1842 has been in action. Low duties on goods coming from abroad, in payment for American produce, uniformly were attended by high prices for that produce. The following table, showing the destination of United States' tobacco, will indicate the influence which the English market has upon the demand: EXPORTS OF HHDS. OF LEAF TOBACCO FROM THE UNITED STATES. England. France. Hanse Towns. Holland. Italy. Other places. Total. 22,739 .....239......18,558. .100,232 .36,822......7,853......22,246......19,148......618......22,755......109,442 Years. 1836....... 1837. 1838.... 1840. 1841 1842. 26,255 ....15,640.. ..25,649. .36,086. 15,938. 17,558.....1,452. ....19,189......100,593 12,273......897......11,980...... 78,995 19,775.. ..119.484 ..29,534.....2,631. ....41,681.....17,586......36,517......26,203.....1,222......24,619. 1843........21,029.....11,406......24,504......19,519......865. 1844.. 1845........ .26,111.....18,271......46,460...... The great increase in the trade to the Hanse Towns has, of late years, been owing to the great extension of the interior trade of Germany, consequent upon the Zollverein. The destination of manufactured tobacco has been as follows: lbs. ..136,846....169,682....710,660....1,259,856.... 628....1,512,758....3,790,310 76,794.... 17,394....671,923....1,576,648. ....60,000....1,553,820....3,956,579 ..238,795.. ....755,853....1,342,924.. .21,654....1,458,628....3,817,854 ....217,099....1,196,082.... 1,650....1,820,387....3,256,675 Years. Hanse Towns. Holland. England & lbs. lbs. lbs. ...828,525....1,262,340....18,571....1,428,337....3,615,591 ..280,123........ 34,603...1,694,571...,1,608,908....51,388....1,338,554....5,008,047 1841....... 1842.. 1843.. 1844. .276,801....136,973...1,454,996....1,266,716.... .526,236.... 43,467...2,497,664....1,831,536.... 7,550....1,880,713....6,787,165 .257,124. 31,364.. 2,825,737....1,769,935....59.982. .2,559,602....7,503,644 .234,449.... 89,734...1,144,539....1,442,337...137,480....1,385,632....4,434,214 48,248.... 55.714....990,083....1,047,718...107,832....1,154,657. .3,404,252 .362,042.... 30,245...1,634,055....2,026,884....33,463....1,960,189. ..6,016,878 1845.......143,064.... 40,349...1,741,699....1,857,872....55,992....1,475,997....5,312,971 modities. This is a regular trade, and the charge is 2s. per pound, by which 1s. is saved. In the above table, the fiscal year 1841, of the United States, commenced October, 1840; and that of Great Britain, Dec. 31, 1840. The United States' year, 1843, is for nine months only, and the year 1845 ends June 30. The English figures for 1845 are for nine months only, ending September 30. The number of months are, consequently, the same for both countries; the English returns closing three months later, when all the tobacco report ed left the United States had arrived out. The result would indicate a smuggling of 17 per cent. The English trade is expressed in the following figures for the year 1841: carry on this large traffic in United States' tobacco, with the continent and elsewhere, which ought to be done by American vessels: our usury laws, and the absence of warehousing privileges, have hitherto driven the trade into English hands. The great evils and losses which attend the exorbitant English duties on the article, have been so perseveringly and ably laid before Parliament by Mr. Joseph Hume, and renewed at the present session, that there is now every chance of a great reduction in the duty-a result which cannot but enhance the English_consumption to some extent; and by so doing improve the price of the whole production. We look upon this as an important element in the increase of American credits in England. The changes now in progress must add very largely to the annual amount due from England to the United States; and opportunely, reductions in the duties upon articles which constitute the means of England to discharge those debts, have been made. The extent to which the United States can supply England with food, is almost limitless; and, perhaps, no greater instance of partisan recklessness can be adduced, than the attempt made, in and out of Congress, to show that the United States cannot supply the wants of England. The receipts of articles of food, at the great outlets of western produce, this year, as compared with a previous one, to the 1st of August, are sufficient to show the limitless capacity of the western states. They are as follows: ..976,503........378,622......430,216......816,259..1,202,170....3,452,847 The flour and wheat, expressed in bushels of wheat, arrived at the two points, up to August, 1846, was 10,544,902 bushels, against 6,299,533 bushels in 1845, and 6,360,508 bushels in 1844. This is an increase over a very abundant year, when prices were low, at the rate of 8,000,000 bushels per annum of wheat, 3,500,000 bushels of corn, or a value of near $8,000,000. A continuance of the high prices that ruled last fall would have doubled the increase next year. The exports of farm produce, rice, cotton and tobacco, may reasonably be expected to double to England, in the aggregate value, in the next few years; and, as a necessary consequence, the returning proceeds must double. The immediate state of the market is one of inquietude, occasioned solely by the Mexican war; all the elements are in existence of unusual prosperity. The new tariff comes into operation 1st December, and up to that time importations will probably not be heavy until the low duties take effect. There may also be some disposition to re-ship such goods as are entitled to debenture, to bring them in under the low duties. The warehouse bill having gone into operation, holding out facilities for storing goods, and removing from importers the obligation to pay cash duties on arrival, causes large imports to go into warehouse; as, for instance, a cargo of sugar from Matanzas, of some 3,000 boxes, under the present law of 24 cents per lb., would have to pay $37,000 duties. goes into warehouse, and at 30 per cent. will probably pay but $13,000. The government will suffer loss by this operation, but it will swell the revenue of the new tariff. In the seven months which closed with July, the merchants of New-York It February. March.. Outstanding Subject to Transfers ordered posites, $9,546,862 67.... .$1,128,664 40....$8,418,983 02....$241,000....$205,000 9,750,547 37.... 1,072,986 73.... 8,678,343 09.... 707,487.. 692,487 11,784,393 59.... 783,606 37.... 11,001,569 67.... 376,000.... 371,000 13,000,698 72.... 1,159,140 07.... 11,842,341 10.... 336,000.... 530,000 13,470,063 58.... 1,862,781 38.... 11,608,064 65....1,260,000....1,130,000 July.... 12,484,888 36.... 3,014,630 35.... 9,890,006 39....1,616,500....1,459,500 August......... 11,132,637 66.... 3,121,460 28.... 7,725,797 38.... 730,221.... 442,721 April.. June............ It appears, at the date of the last statement, that there was $1,179,879 on deposite with the Canal Bank, New-Orleans; and outstanding drafts drawn against for $1,267,182, being an overdraft of $87,302. There was, however, a sum of $312,500 ordered transferred from other quarters, to meet it. The treasury notes authorized, to the amount of $11,000,000, have not been issued, from which it appears that the treasury had on hand, August 1st, $7,725,797 balance in bank, and $11,000,000 of notes, equal to $18,725,797, in excess of the ordinary revenues, to meet war expenditures, until Congress meets in December. The expenditures will probably take place, and the war be vigorously pushed, while attempts at negotiation for peace are being made. The message of the President, asking for authority to appropriate $2,000,000 to the facilitating of a peace, was well received by the whole country. The bill passed the House, and was defeated in the Senate by the Hon. John Davis, of Massachusetts, by the practice of one of those Parliamentary tricks which sometimes can frustrate the most important measures for the national welfare. The consequences may be only the continuance of the war some months longer, at a great damage to the national industry and welfare. The settlement of the Mexican question, on the basis of "equivalents," is probably the only means by which the affair can speedily be concluded. Mexico owes the United States $2,000,000 of adjusted claims, and probably $1,000,000 unadjusted. The expenses of this war, which she has thrust upon us, are at least $20,000,000, actual outlays, to say nothing of the damages which she should pay. If $2,000,000 in money are added, it will be equal to $25,000,000 paid and relinquished to Mexico, for which ample concessions of territory must be demanded. The line of the Rio Grande, to where it touches at 27° longitude-the parallel 30° N. longitude; thence following that line to the Gulf of California; thence down the middle of that gulf to the ocean, should at least be the southern boundary of the United States. This will give the United States the harbors, rivers, and outlets, in a manner similar to that by which England has the northern bays by the Oregon treaty. The settlement of this question, in a manner to leave no room for future dispute, will remove the last obstacle to a long season of prosperity. The elements of trade and commerce have to adjust themselves to the operation of the warehouse and independent treasury bills; the action of which must retard, if not prevent the recurrence of revulsion through overwrought paper credits. NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England: with a Treatise on the Popular Progress in English History. By JOHN FOSTER. Harper & Brothers, N. York. THERE is no task more agreeable to the lover of civil and religious liberty than to trace, with an able writer, the progress of the people through the gigantic obstacles of every age, towards a better understanding and nearer attainment of those inalienable rights which the God of Nations intended they should possess. But how greatly is that pleasure enhanced when the writer can soar above party and religious prejudices, and give us a minute and perfect mirror of the past. The bane of English historical writing has ever been the general desire to subserve the purposes of the present, by the garbed statements of the bigot, the placehunter, or the overweening aristocrat. Mr. Foster's work is unusually free from these defects; and although he seems rather inclined to attack that favorite dogma of Ca tholicity, papa non potest errare, yet, making every fair allowance, we should say that it is written in a lofty tone of impartiality. The first number of the series contains, besides a sketch of popular progress in England, the life of Sir John Elliot, one of the most celebrated statesmen and orators of the reigns of James I. and Charles I., and also the life of the great Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stafford. It will be remembered that Elliot was one of those undaunted patriots who then lifted their voices against the undue exercise of the kingly power; and that Wentworth was an aristocrat and courtier, whose occasional speeches in favor of the people must rather be attributed to his treatment by the former king, (for instance, his dismissal from the office of Keeper of the Archives,) than to any philanthropic sympathies. Both these great men are so identified with the events of their epoch, that their lives form a very appropriate introduction to those of the more violent revolutionary period, and of the bloody and tyrannical reign of the Protector. A Text-Book of Chemistry, for the use of commenced life, it appears, in the service Schools and Colleges. By JOHN WIL- of the East India Company, and served LIAM DRAPER, M. D., Professor of Che- through the Burmese war, after which, on mistry in the University of New-York, a visit to China, he imbibed the desire, Member of the American Philosophical which grew into a passion, to explore the Society, &c. Harper & Brothers. hitherto comparatively unknown Indian The art of Chemistry has, of late years, Archipelago. To do this required extrabecome so intimately blended with the ordinary efforts. He returned to Engdaily pursuits of most mechanical busi- land, purchased the Royalist, belonging to ness, that it is of a growing importance to the Royal Yacht Squadron and Navy, all practical men, to be well acquainted picked a crew, and inoculated them with with the theory. The art of calico-print- his views; he cruised for three years in ing particularly illustrates the great advan- the Mediterranean and elsewhere, until a tages of an application of this art. The perfect understanding of each other had art of dying is probably as old or older, sprung up. In 1838 he sailed on his own rethan the manufacture of tissues. It is, sponsibilty for Borneo. The volume before however, only of late years that many and us, comprising No. XVIII. of Harpers' New various colors can be produced by the Miscellany, opens with, and is chiefly same materials, through improvements in composed of the Journal of Mr. Brooke, art. It is true, to a certain extent, that embracing in a lively manner his numermany of the ordinary principles, causes ous and thrilling adventures among that sinand effects, of chemical combinations are, gular race, and the progress of events until and have been, long known to practical he had consolidated and established a sort men but little acquainted with the science of sovereignty, and become the agent of of chemistry; and it is also true, that the British Government. The agency of many theories of the same as applied to the Dido in the matter, was to aid in the the arts by eminent philosophers, are suppression of the piracies in those seas, known to practical men to be untrue. which are a great obstacle in the way of Theory is, however, daily assimilating it that development of the resources of the self to the practical application of known country, the extent of which Mr. Brooke laws to useful results, and with the spread describes in glowing terms. The work is of the higher branches of the science of intense interest, and may be regarded among operatives, the greatest results may as indicating a new feature in the extenbe looked for. The work of Dr. Draper sion of British power in India. is eminently calculated to forward this desirable result. It purports to contain an outline of the lecture delivered upon the subject at the university. It is intended as a manual, arranged in such division as practice has shown to be suitable for daily instruction, and embellished with numerous wood cuts. Expedition to Borneo, by H. M. S. Dido, for the Suppression of Piracy, with extracts from the Journal of James Brooke, Esq., of Sarawak, now Agent for the British Government in Borneo. By Capt. the Hon. HENRY KEPPEL, R. N. Harper & Brothers. Notwithstanding the great power of the English in the Indian and China seas, and the length of time they have had control in that region of the world, there appears to have been but little disposition, among either the government or the people, connected with it, to push discoveries or make explorations among the adjacent islands of the Malayan Archipelago. The settlement of New South Holland, resulted from the use of it as a penal colony; and its present importance has resulted from the multiplicity of the convict demands. An interest, it appears, has now been excited in the other islands through the extraordinary exertions and adventures of Mr. James Brooke. This gentleman French Domestic Cookery; combining Elegance with Economy. Harper & Brothers, New-York. work entitled La Cuisiniere de la Cam pagne et de la Ville. If we consider for a moment the great difference existing in the cookery of all polite nations, we must feel assured that even in these there is much that is susceptible of improvement, and that all which tends to diffuse a know This volume is translated from a French ledge of this art as practised in the civilized parts of the world, is of the utmost impor tance. It is only by examining the best recipes adopted in the culinary practice of every country that want of knowledge can be detected, and those ameliorations introduced which are most conducive to health, economy, and a refined epicurean taste. The heavy meals of animal food in which the Englishman almost invariably indulged, have of late years been very often superseded by the light, varied, and more wholesome repas a la Francaise; whilst the French on the other hand, owing to a greater intercourse between the two people, have overcome, in some degree at least, their characteristic indifference to roast beef, plum pudding, et tout ce qu'il y a de solide. But numerous instances might be adduced to show the advantages arising from the more general adoption of |