1252. οἴμοι, γυναικός, ὡς ἔοιχ ̓, ἡσσώμενος Potter δούλης, ὑφέξω τοῖς κακίοσιν δίκην. What! from these wretches shall I suffer thus, Phoenissæ, line 94. — ὡς δούλῳ, as a slave. 205. 1606. -Φοίβῳ δούλα. " Slave to Phoebus.” "Slave to Polybus," &c. Orestes, line 221. Idem, 715 ἰδοὺ τὸ δούλευμ ̓ ἡδύ, κοὐκ ἀναίνομαι. νῦν δ ̓ ἀναγκαίως έχει δούλοισιν εἶναι τοῖς σοφοῖσι τῆς τύχης. 937. ἤ γυναιξὶ δουλεύειν χρεών. Potter-"Vile slaves to your wives." 1115. — οὐδὲν τὸ δοῦλον πρὸς τὸ μὴ δοῦλον γένος. Such was the reply of Pylades to his friend Orestes, in reference to the Phrygian slave; and we shall close our quotations from this remarkable tragic poet, with an interview between Orestes and one of these Phrygian slaves. Line 1522 Orestes. Δοῦλος ὢν φοβεῖ τὸν Αϊδην, ὃς σ' ἀπαλλάξει κακῶν ; Slave. Πᾶς ἀνὴρ, κἂν δοῦλος ᾖ τις, ἥδεται τὸ φῶς ὁρῶν. Potter Orestes. "Fears a slave death, the end of all his ills? Slave. "To slave or free, sweet is the light of heaven." Alcestes, line 638 δουλίου δ' ἀφ' αἵματος μαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρα. Potter-"But, the base offspring of some slave, thy wife stole me, and put me to her breast." We find the following in a short notice of the life of Isocrates, by Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Page 23. διδάσκει δ ̓ ὡς οὐ Μεσσηνίοις τοῖς οὐκετ ̓ οὖσιν, ἀλλὰ δούλοις καὶ εἵλωσιν ὁρμητήριον καὶ καταφυγὴν παρέξουσι τὴν πόλιν. Also, page 26. — δουλεύει γὰρ ἡ διάνοια πόλλακις τῷ ῥυθμῷ τε λέξεως, καὶ τῶν κομψοῦ λείπεται τὸ ἀληθινὸν. Idem, 35. —ἡμεῖς δε καταδούλευμενοι, καὶ τἀναντία τοῖς τότε πράττοντες. Idem, 36. —καὶ τότε μὲν εἰ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺς δούλους ναύτας εἰσεβίβαζον, τούς δε πολίτας μεθ ̓ ὅπλων ἐξέπεμπον. Isocrates, (Cantabrigiæ, 1686,) Orat. ad Demonicum, page 52— ἐν δὲ τοῖς τερπνοῖς, ἂν αἰσχρὸν ὑπολάβης, τῶν μὲν οἰκετῶν ἄρχειν, ταῖς δι' ἡδοναῖς δουλεύειν. Ad Nicoclem, p. 74. —καὶ τοῦτο ἡγοῦ βασιλικώτατον ἐαν μηδεμία δουλεύῃς τῶν ἡδονῶν, ἀλλὰ κρατῆς τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν πολιτῶν. Panegyricus, p. 121. —τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων οἱ βουλομένοι καταδουλώσασθαι τοὺς Ἑλλήνας, ἐφ ̓ ἡμᾶς πρώτους ἰόντες. Idem, 133. ᾑροῦντο δὲ τῶν εἱλώτων ἐνίοις δουλεύειν, ὥστε εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδας ὑβρίζειν. Idem, 137. νῦν δὲ εἰς τοσαύτην δουλείαν καθεστώτων. Idem. —μέγιστόν δε τῶν κακῶν, ὅταν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς τε δου λείας ἀναγκάζωνται συστρατεύεσθαι. Idem. —κατορθώσαντες δὲ μᾶλλον εἰς τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον δουλεύσουσιν. Idem, 144. —πρός μὲν τὸν πόλεμον ἐκλελύμενος, πρὸς δὲ τὴν δουλείαν ἄμεινον τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν πεπαιδευμένος. Idem. —ἅπαντα δὲ τὸν χρόνον διάγουσιν, ὡς μὲν τοὺς ὑβρίζοντες, τοῖς δὲ δουλεύοντες. Idem, 150. Σικελία δὲ καταδεδούλωται. Idem, 151. —ὡς ὑπὲρ τούτων δουλεύειν αναγκασμέναι. Idem, 153. δημοσίᾳ δε τοσούτους τῶν συμμάχων περι ορᾷν αὐτοῖς δουλεύοντας. Orat. ad Philippum, p. 161. —ζητεῖν δὲ ἐκείνους τοὺς τόπους τοὺς πόῤῥω μὲν κειμένους τῶν ἄρχειν δυναμένων, ἐγγὺς δὲ τῶν δουλεύειν εἰπισμένων. Archidamus, p. 235. —νῦν καὶ τὴν τῶν δούλων παῤῥη σίαν ὑπομένοντας φαίνεσθαι. De Pace, sive Socialis, page 281. —καὶ τότε μὲν εἴ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺς δούλους ναύτας εἰσεβί αἰτίαν γενέσθαι. Evagoras, p. 310. Idem, p. 320. ὑμεῖς δέ καταδουλούμενοι. μὴ δουλείας αλλά σωτηρίας αὐτοῖς —οὐ μήν δουλεύτεον. τοὺς μὲν φίλους ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις ὑπ ̓ αὐτῷ ποιούμενος τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους τῇ μεγαλοψυχία καταδουλού μενος. Idem, p. 326. οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες ἀντί δουλείας αὐτονομίαν ἔσχον 'Αθηναῖοι δὲ τοσαῦτον ἐπέδοσαν. Panathenaicus, p. 396. -οὓς μὲν ἐλευθερώσειν ὡμολόγησαν κατεδουλώσαντο μᾶλλον ἢ τοὺς εἵλωτας. Idem, p. 400. —καὶ τὸ μη δικαίως τῶν ἄλλων ἄρχειν μᾶλ λον ἢ φεύγοντας τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην, ἀδίκως Λακεδαιμονίοις δουλεύειν. Idem, p. 412. —τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους Ελλήνας καταδουλώ σασθαι πρὸς μὲν τοιοῦτον κρατίσασαι ῥαδίως ἂν αὐτοῦ. Idem, p. 418. καταδουλωσαμένους. Plataicus, p. 459. οἱ μὲν οὐδὲν ἧττον τῶν ἀργυρωνήτων δουλεύουσιν. Idem. —τε δὲ τῶν ἄλλων δουλείας αὐτοὺς κυρίους και Πιστᾶσι. Idem, p. 463. Idem, p. 465. Idem, p. 466. δουλεύειν. δουλευουσών. ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς μὲν μικρῶν ἕνεκα συμβου λαίων δουλεύοντας, ἄλλους δὲ ἐπὶ θητείαν ἴοντας. Orat. de Permutatione, p. 493. —τὴν δε τῷ γένει τῆς σωτηρίας αἰτίαν οὖσαν, δουλεύειν αὐτοῖς ἀξιοῦν. Idem, p. 494. τῶν δέ βαρβάρων οἱ βουλόμενοι καταδουλοῦσθαι τοὺς Ελλήνας. Idem, p. 502. —τοῖς δ ̓ ἄλλοις τὴν δουλείαν αἱρουμέ νοις. Idem. —οὕτω καὶ τῶν πόλεων ταῖς ὑπερεχούσαις λυσιτε λεῖν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῆναι μᾶλλον ἢ δούλας ὀφθῆναι γενομένας. Idem. —ὥστε μὴ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν αἴτιον γενήσθαι τί δου λείας. Idem, p. 510. Idem, p. 511. De Bigis, p. 530. ἡμεῖς δὲ καταδουλούμενοι. τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺς δούλους. τοὺς πολίτας ἰδεῖν δουλεύοντας. Epistolæ : to Philip, p. 611. —ἃ Ξέρξῃ τε τῷ καταδουλώ σασθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας βουληθέντι. Το Jason, a freedman, p. 629. —καὶ τὰς τιμὰς ἡδίους νομίζω τὰς παρὰ τῶν μέγα φρονούντων, ἢ τὰς παρὰ τῶν δου λευόντων. LESSON V. BUT if it shall be objected, that by these writers the word δουλος, doulos, and its derivatives are used in a figurative sense, since these writers all exhibit minds deeply excited, or used all language with poetic license; we think such objection unfounded, so far as it alleges that they have used this word in an unusual manner, or have attributed to it any other sense than was attributed to it by all the Greeks. Nevertheless, we propose now to present this word as it was used by Thucydides, Herodotus, and Xenophon, against whose use no cavil can be made; and we now fear not to assert that their use of this word will be in the most strict accordance with the authors already examined. Plutarch, who was somewhat disposed to criticize other authors, speaking of Thucydides, expresses the idea that he wrote in such a manner that the reader saw the picture of what he represented. (See his De Gloria Atheniensium.) Plutarch was then clearly of opinion that the language of Thucydides was most appropriately accurate. We here premise, that we shall not presume to offer our own translation to the extract we propose to make from Thucydides. From the many that have been made, we have selected that of the Rev. Dr. William Smith, of the cathedral of Chester, England, and concerning whom it may be proper to say a word. He translated Longinus with great accuracy and beauty. The Weekly Miscellany of Dec. 8th, 1739, says of this translation, "It justly deserves the notice and thanks of the public." Father Phillips says, 1756, "A late English translation of the Greek critic, by Mr. Smith, is a credit to the author, and reflects lustre on Longinus himself." Laudits of this work will fill a volume. In 1753 he translated Thucydides, and was directly created a doctor of divinity, and we find in his epitaph now in the cathedral of Chester, "as a scholar his reputation is perpetuated by his valuable publications, particularly his correct and eloquent translations of Longinus, Thucydides, and Xenophon." We have been thus minute that it may be known with what spirit we prepare this work. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, by Thucydides. Book i. chap. 8. Οἵ τε ἥσσους ὑπέμενον τὴν τῶν κρεισσόνων δουλείαν. "And the great, who had all needful supplies at hand, reduced less powerful cities into their own subjection." At that age of the world, when one city was conquered by another, all were reduced to slavery, unless by the especial favour of the conqueror. In this instance it would have been more literal to our present idiom to have used the term slavery, instead of subjection; because now there has grown up a wide distinction between the mere subjugating and enslaving. Chap. 16. Κῦρος καὶ ἡ Περσικὴ βασιλεία, Κροῖσον καθελοῦσα, καὶ ὅσα ἐντὸς Αλυος ποταμοῦ πρὸς θάλασσαν, ἐπεστράτευσε, καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ ἀπείρῳ πόλεις ἐδούλωσε. "For Cyrus, after he had completed the conquest of Croesus, and all the country which lieth between the river Halys and the sea, invaded them, and enslaved their towns upon the continent. Chap. 18. Δεκάτῳ δὲ ἔτει μετ' αὐτὴν αὖθις ὁ βάρβαρος τῷ μεγάλῳ στόλῳ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα δουλωσόμενος ἦλθε. "And in the tenth year after that, the barbarian, with a vast armament, invaded Greece in order to enslave it." Chap. 34. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῷ δοῦλοι, ἀλλ ̓ ἐπὶ τῷ ὅμοιοι τοῖς λειπομένοις εἶναι, ἐκπέμπονται. |