ποδισμοῦ ἢ θανατώσεως πράξητε, καὶ δουλείαν χαλεπω τέραν, ἢ πρὶν εἴχετε.

“That this very day, if you behave with valour, you are henceforth free, and will gain the honourable title of Lacedæmonian allies; otherwise you must continue to be the slaves of Athenians, where the best that can befall you, if neither sold for slaves nor put to death as rebels, will be a heavier yoke of tyranny than you ever yet have felt, while the liberty of Greece must by you for ever be obstructed."

Chap. 23. Ην δὲ ἡ δουλεία ἐπανίστηται, ἐπικουρεῖν Αθη ναίους Λακεδαιμονίοις παντὶ σθένει, κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν.

"That if there happen any insurrection among the Helots, the Athenians march to the succour of the Lacedæmonians with their whole strength, to the full extent of their power."

In this instance the translator has substituted "Helots" for slaves, because the Helots were the slaves at Sparta, and the usual term by which slaves were designated in Lacedæmonia, Helot and δουλος, were synonymous terms there.

Chap. 27. Ὡς χρή, ἐπειδὴ Λακεδαιμόνιοι οὐκ ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ, ἀλλ ̓ ἐπὶ καταδουλώσει τῆς Πελοποννήσου.

“ That since the Lacedæmonians, not in order to serve, but to enslave Peloponnesus," &c.

Chap. 29. Μὴ μετὰ ̓Αθηναίων σφᾶς βούλωνται Λακεδαιμόνιοι δουλώσασθαι.

"That the Lacedæmonians might strike up a bargain with the Athenians to enslave other states."

Chap. 69. Καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀρχῆς ἅμα καὶ δουλείας.

"Either such on slavery."

Chap. 86. Περιγιγνομένοις μὲν τῷ δικαίῳ, καὶ δι' αὐτὸ μὴ ἐνδοῦσι, πόλεμον ἡμῖν φέρουσαν, πεισθεῖσι δὲ, δουλείαν.

“ Since if, superior in debate, we for that reason refuse submission, our portion must be war; and if we allow your plea, from that moment we become your slaves."

Chap. 92. Καὶ πῶς χρήσιμον ἂν ξυμβαίη ἡμῖν δουλεῦσαι, ὥσπερ καὶ ὑμῖν ἀρξαι;

"And how can it turn as beneficial for us to become your slaves as it will be for you to be our masters?"

Chap. 100. Ηπου ἄρα, εἰ τοσαύτην γε ὑμεῖς τε, μὴ παυσθῆ ναι ἀρχῆς, καὶ οἱ δουλεύοντες ἤδη, ἀπαλλαγῆναι, τὴν παρακινδύνευσιν ποιοῦνται, ἡμῖν γε, τοῖς ἔτι ἐλευθέροις, πολλὴ κακότης καὶ δειλία, μὴ πᾶν πρὸ τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν.

"If this be, and if you, ye Athenians, can readily embark in so many perils to prevent the desolation of your empire; if states, by you enslaved, can do as much to throw off your yoke, must it not be wretchedly base and cowardly in us, who yet are free, to leave any method, even to the last extremity, untried of averting slavery.”

Book vi. chap. 20. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ παρόντι ἡ γιγνώσκω σημανῶ. ἐπὶ γὰρ πόλεις, ὡς ἐγὼ ἀκοῇ αἰσθάνομαι, μέλλομεν ἰέναι μεγάλας, καὶ οὐθ ̓ ὑπηκόους ἀλλήλων, οὔτε δεομένας μεταβολῆς, ἂν ἐκ βιαίου τις δουλείας άσμενος ἐς ῥᾴω μετάστασιν χωροίη.

66

According to the last information I have been able to procure, we are now going to invade a number of powerful cities; cities independent of one another, nor standing in need of public revolutions; which people, who cringe under the yoke of slavery, might easily embrace, in order to render their condition more supportable."

Chap. 27. Μηνύειν ἀδεῶς τὸν βουλόμενον καὶ ἀστῶν καὶ ξένων καὶ δούλων.

"He should boldly inform the public of it, whether he were a citizen, or a foreigner, or a slave."

Chap. 76. Δουλωσαμένους ἔχειν.

“They hold fast riveted the Joke of slavery.”

Idem. Καταδουλώσεως. “By englaving,” &c.

Chap. 77. Ὡς ἐδουλώθησαν. “Who will be slaves,” &c. Chap. 80. Δουλείαν. “ Slave,” &c.

Chap. 82. Οὓς ξυγγενεῖς φασὶν ὄντας ἡμᾶς Συρακούσιοι δε δουλῶσθαι.

"Whom the Syracusans say we thought proper to enslave, though connected with us by ties of blood."

Idem. Δουλείαν δὲ αὐτοί τε ἐβούλοντο ὑμῖν τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπενεγκεῖν.

They made slavery their choice, and in the same miserable fate would have been glad to envelop us."

Chap. 83. Καὶ οὐ δουλωσόμενοι, μὴ παθεῖν δὲ μᾶλλον τοῦτο κωλύσοντες.

"So far from the view of enslaving them to ourselves, that we are solely intent on preserving them from being enslaved by others."

Chap. 84. Ὃν αλόγως ἡμᾶς φησὶ δουλωσαμένους. "Whom, after unjustly enslaving," &c.

Chap. 88. Πλήν καθόσον εἰ τὴν Σικελίαν ᾤοντο αὐτοὺς δου λώσεσθαι.

"Save only the ambition they showed of enslaving Sicily."

Book vii. chap. 75. Μέγιστον γὰρ δὴ τὸ διάφορον τοῦτο τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ στρατεύματι ἐγένετο, οἷς ἀντὶ μὲν τοῦ ἄλλους δου λωσομένους ἥκειν.

"For a most cruel turn of fortune this really proved to a Grecian army; who, coming hither to enslave others, were departing now with the sad alternative of fearing to be made slaves themselves."

Book viii. chap. 15. Τάς τε τῶν Χίων ἑπτὰ ναῦς, αἳ αὐτοῖς ξυνεπολιόρκουν τὰς ἐν τῷ Πειραιῷ, ἀπαγαγόντες, τοὺς μὲν δούλους ἐξ αὐτῶν ἠλευθέρωσαν, τοὺς δ' ἐλευθέρους κατέδησαν.

"Having, moreover, fetched off the seven vessels belonging to the Chians, which assisted in forming the blockade at Piræus, they set at liberty the slaves who were on board them, and threw all the freemen into prison."

Chap. 43. Ενὴν γὰρ καὶ νήσους ἁπάσας πάλιν δουλεύειν. "For thus he might be enabled once more to enslave all the islands."

Chap. 48. Δουλεύειν μᾶλλον, &c.

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LESSON VI.

XENOPHON, Memorabilia, &c.

Book i. chap. 3, § 11. Ω τλήμον, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, καὶ τί ἀν οἴει παθεῖν, καλὸν φιλήσας; αρ' οὐκ ἂν αὐτίκα μάλα δοῦλος μὲν εἶναι ἀντ ̓ ἐλευθέρου;

"Miserum te, ait Socrates, quid eventurum tibi existimas, si formosum osculeris? annon subitò pro libero servus esses?" Leunclavius.

Chap. 5. § 2. Δούλῳ δ ̓ ἀκρατεῖ ἐπιτρέψαιμεν ἂν ἢ βοσκή ματα ή ταμιεῖα ἢ ἔργων ἐπιστασίαν;

"Et servo intemperanti num vel pecora, vel penum, vel ut operi præesset, committeremus?" Leunc.

§ 3. ̓Αλλὰ μὴν εἴ γε μηδὲ δοῦλον ἀκρατῆ δεξαίμεθ' αν, πῶς οὐκ ἄξιον αυτόν γε φυλάξασθαι τοιοῦτον γενέσθαι;

"Enimvero si ne servum quidem intemperantem accepturi simus, quî non operæ pretium sit cavere ne quis ipse talis fiat?" Leunc.

§ 5. Ἢ τίς οὐκ ἂν, ταῖς ἡδοναῖς δουλεύων, αἰσχρῶς διατεθείη καὶ τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχήν;

"Quis voluptatibus serviens non turpiter tum corpore tum animo affectus sit?" Leunc.

Ibid. Ἐμοὶ μὲν δοκεῖ, νὴ τὴν Ηραν, ἐλευθέρῳ μὲν ἀνδρὶ εὐκτέον εἶναι, μὴ τυχεῖν δούλου τοιουτου, δουλεύοντα δε ταῖς τοιαύταις ἡδοναῖς, ἱκετεύειν τοὺς θεοὺς, δεσποτῶν ἀγαθῶν τυχεῖν.

"Equidem ita profectò statuo, homini libero optandum esse, ut hujusmodi servum non consequatur, atque illi qui voluptatibus ejusmodi servit deos esse obsecrandos ut dominos bonos nanciscatur." Leunc.

Book ii. chap. 1. § 11. ̓Αλλ' ἐγώ τοι, ἔφη ὁ ̓Αρίστιππος, οὐδὲ εἰς τὴν δουλείαν αὖ ἐμαυτὸν τάττω· ἀλλ ̓ εἶναί τις μοὶ δοκεῖ μέση τούτων ὁδὸς, ἣν πειρῶμαι βαδίζειν, οὔτε δι' ἀρχῆς, οὔτε διὰ δουλείας, ἀλλὰ δι' ἐλευθερίας, ἅπερ μάλιστα πρὸς εὐδαι

μονίαν άγει. (12.) 'Αλλ', εἰ μέντοι, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, ὥσπερ οὔτε δι' ἀρχῆς οὔτε διὰ δουλείας ἡ ὁδὸς αὕτη φέρει, οὕτω μηδὲ δι' ἀνθρώπων, ἴσως ἂν τι λέγοις.

" I surely, says Aristippus, do not place myself in slavery; but my doctrine is, that the condition equally free from the objections of those who govern and of those who are in slavery, is true liberty. But, says Socrates, the condition of which you speak, beyond the influences affecting those who bear rule or those in slavery, can never exist among men; for,” &c. § 12. ὡς δούλοις χρῆσ θαι" for safety they desire slavery.

§ 13. Ἕως ἂν πείσωσιν ἑλέσθαι δουλεύειν ἀντὶ τοῦ πολεμεῖν τοῖς κρείττοσι;

"Donec persuaserint eis servire potiùs quàm bellum cum potioribus gerere?"

§ 15. Η διότι καὶ δοῦλος ἂν οἴει τοιοῦτος εἶναι, οἷος μηδενὶ δεσπότῃ λυσιτελεῖν ;

"An quod talem te servum esse putas, qui nulli domino prosit?"

Chap. 6. § 9. Χαλεπὸν δὲ καὶ δήσαντα κατέχειν, ὥσπερ δοῦλον.

"Neque minùs difficile vinctum retinere tanquam servum." Leunc.

Chap. 7. § 3 and 4. Ὅτι νὴ Δί', ἔφη, ὁ μὲν δούλους τρέφει, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλευθέρους. (4.) Καὶ πότερον, ἔφη, τοὺς παρὰ σοὶ ἐλευ θέρους οἴει βελτίους εἶναι ἢ τοὺς παρὰ Κεράμωνι δούλους;

"By Jupiter, (says Aristarchus,) the reason is obvious. He (Ceramon) rears up slaves, while I only employ freemen. Well, then, truly, says (Socrates), which do you esteem the most valuable, your freemen or Ceramon's slaves?"

Chap. 8. § 4. Χαλεπῶς ἂν, ἔφη, ἐγώ, ὦ Σώκρατες, δου λείαν ὑπομείναιμι. Καὶ μὴν οἵ γε ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι προστα τεύοντες καὶ τῶν δημοσίων ἐπιμελόμενοι οὐ δουλοπρεπέσ τεροι ἕνεκα τούτου, ἀλλ ̓ ἐλευθεριώτεροι νομίζονται.

"But it is difficult, O Socrates, for me to submit to slavery. But (says Socrates) high political officers, and all those who have charge of public affairs, are not esteemed to be in a slavish employment, but in that which is the most appropriate to the most elevated of freemen."