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latter at the want of care of the former. Our fields would be American gardens. Even Mr. R.'s farm, where one might expect to see more care than is usually found here, has never had a plough in it, until since I came here, when ploughing was commenced by an English farmer, whom he has employed to take charge of his grounds. If this man works the ground in the manner, and with the care, he must have done at home, I think the farm will bring very different crops from any thing it yet has done.

There are three barns on the farm, one of which had been deserted by the former tenant, who found himself unable to get into it, in consequence of the great quantity of dung about it; which had been accumulating since the commencement of the improvement. The first thing that the new farmer did, was to get the dung thrown into heaps. This labour appeared to excite much curiosity in the neighbourhood. "What are you doing that for?" was asked by almost every one who passed. And on his replying, that he intended to put it on the fields, the usual observation was-" Why, now, I suppose that would be worth something, if you had it in England."

Notwithstanding all this waste, the American farmer grows rich. Indeed, it appears as if all that a man has to do, in order to become so, is to go to a new settlement, where the soil is of a good quality. In that situation, if he can purchase, and pay for an

hundred acres of land, while it is cheap, and be almost quiescent, merely maintain himself on it, the rapid rise in value of his land, will, in a few years, make him wealthy. This rise of value in land is truly astonishing; and if good selections of situation are made, it appears to be as certain as rapid. Mr. R. sold one hundred acres of land, where Montrose now stands, for one hundred and fifty dollars, and the person to whom he sold it, before the time expired in which he was allowed to pay for it, sold half an acre of the same ground for five hundred dollars. This, to be sure, was a village. But farms rise in value astonishingly. One lot I saw which Mr. R. sold to a young man for one hundred and fifty dollars, and gave him several years to pay it in. The person who bought it, and who had little or no property, went to work, and by his industry cleared a part, and built a log house and frame barn on it; and before he paid any thing for it, sold it for two thousand dollars. I could mention many other instances of this kind, which are very common to those who are industrious and careful. And is it wonderful that such a country should improve and settle fast! What a blessing it would be for the industrious poor of England, if they could be transported hither, where there is room for them all, and ample rewards for their industry! How cheerfully would they toil for a competency, when they should find

"O'er their labour, liberty and law

Impartial watch,"

while, instead of their former state of vassalage, they became the independent proprietors of the soil; and that in a country which is emphatically the land of freedom.

It is peculiarly pleasing to see the enlightened policy of Pennsylvania, which has ever been considered as one of the most important states of the union, and which instead of squandering its wealth in the destruction of mankind, is solicitous only for the welfare of its citizens; and directs its revenue and resources to the improvement of its roads, the making of canals, the erection of bridges, and the improvement of the various means of facilitating the intercourse between all its parts. In a pamphlet on the internal improvement of Pennsylvania, lately published, the author shows that this state alone, has expended, on roads, bridges, canals, rivers, and schools, upwards of eleven millions of dollars, and the continuance of the same wise policy is recommended by the present governor. In his address to the legislature, now in session, he says "The reve"nues will be sufficient to defray the expenses of "the government, sustain the plighted faith of the

commonwealth, liberally patronise agriculture, "and education, and aid internal improvements." Instead of addresses to the Lords and Commons, calling upon his majesty's dutiful subjects for new supplies of millions, we find the chief magistrate of this Commonwealth saying to his fellow citizens, who have been elected members of the

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legislature by the free choice of the people, “As agriculture and manufactures are the great sour"ces of wealth, and the only solid foundation of our "comforts and independence, they are particularly "entitled to the fostering care of government. The power of cherishing and protecting manufactures, "on an extended scale, or beyond those of the "household, directly connected with agriculture, belongs more immediately to the general, than "the state government. Agriculture, the basis of "manufactures, and the most essential of all the "arts to the general welfare, is fully within the scope of our constitutional powers to aid and enencourage, and has a strong claim to legislative "patronage. Pennsylvania, from the free principles of her political institutions, her genial cli66 mate, the fertility of her soil, and the enterprise "of her citizens, without having received any direct support from the government, more than the common protection afforded to labour and property, deservedly sustains the character of an "agricultural state. The knowledge, however, of "the art of husbandry may be improved; and it is "not only the interest, but should be the pride of "the representatives of an agricultural people to

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promote its advancement. Though the art may "be enlightened and assisted by science, it is not "from speculations and theories alone; but from "various and repeated experiments, together with "close observations, that a proper knowledge of it.

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"is to be obtained. The expense of making those "experiments, frequently uncertain in their results, "few individuals have the ability or inclination to "encounter. It might therefore be advantageous, "if the commonwealth were to purchase within her "limits, several small farms, embracing various "qualities of soil, and place them under boards of "managers, or voluntary societies, formed for the purpose, with directions respectively to make experiments of the effects of the native manure; “of the different modes of tillage; of the cultiva“tion of grains and grasses; of breeding domestic "animals; of rearing fruit trees; of the preser"vation of fruits; of the utility of newly invented "implements of husbandry, intended to facilitate "or abridge labour; of the cheapest and most "durable mode of fencing; and whatever else may "be connected with agriculture; and periodically "to publish the result, with observations thereon. "The expenses of such establishments would be "trivial, when compared with the knowledge that "might be thereby acquired, and diffused, on a subject in which every citizen is deeply interest"ed. To encourage and stimulate industry, the great spring of the improvement and extension of "agriculture, easy and safe channels of transporta"tion for the products of the soil to a certain mar"ket, are indispensable. By the bounty of former legislatures, and the meritorious exertions of com"panies incorporated for the purpose, about nine "hundred and eighty miles of turnpike road have

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