abolished by act of parliament, 307. The mass revived by Queen Mary, 376. Is finally abolished by Queen Elizabeth, v. 12.

Massey, governor of Gloucester, for the parliament, his character, vi. 525. Is besieged by the King, ib. His vigorous defence, 530. Is relieved by the Earl of Essex, 531.

Masters, Richard, vicar of Aldington, in Kent, concerts the imposture of the Holy Maid of Kent, iv. 135. Confesses the artifice, and is punished, 137.

Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III. King of Scotland, married to King Henry I. of England, i. 318.

daughter of King Henry I., betrothed to the Emperor Henry V., of Germany, i. 340. Married afterwards to Geoffrey, son of Fulk, Count of Anjou, ib. Brought to bed of Henry, 344. Receives the oath of fealty from the English and Norman nobility, ib. Lands in England to assert her pretensions against Stephen, 359. Stephen taken prisoner, 361 Receives homage of the Barons, ib. Gains over Henry Bishop of Winchester, 362. Cultivates the favour of the clergy, ib. Her character, 364. Besieged in Winchester, 365. Flies and exchanges Stephen for her brother Robert, ib.

Matrimony, ordered to be solemnized by the civil magistrate, vii. 229. Matthews, Toby, case of his expulsion from parliament, stated,

vi. 550.

Maurice, Bishop of London, crowns Henry I., i. 313.

- Elector of Saxony, the grounds of his quarrel with the Emperor Charles V., iv. 382. Raises an army of Protestants against him, ib. Reduces Charles to grant a peace favourable to the Protestants, 383.

See

Prince, son of the Elector Palatine, comes to England with his brother Rupert, and offers his assistance to Charles I., vi. 505. Rupert. Is sent by the King with a reinforcement of cavalry into the west, 518. Is shipwrecked, vii. 205.

Prince of Orange. See Orange.

Mautravers and Gournay, the keepers of the deposed King Edward II,, murder him cruelly by Mortimer's orders, ii. 359. Their fates, ib. Maximilian, King of the Romans, his pretensions to the government of the Low Countries, how founded, iii. 334

Marries Anne Dutchess

of Britany, 346. Who is afterwards forced into a marriage with the King of France, 349. Makes peace with France, and obtains a restitution of his daughter's dowry, 355. His conduct as Emperor, 415. Joins Pope Julius II. in the league of Cambray against the Venetians, ib. Calls a council at Piza, in conjunction with Lewis, in opposition to the Pope, 418. Detached from the French interest by Pope Leo X., 424. Concludes an alliance with Henry VIII. and Ferdinand against France, 426. Serves under Henry, and receives pay from him in his French expedition, 433. Detaches himself from Henry, and allies with Spain and France, 441. His ineffectual invasion of Milan, and treaty with France and Venice, iv. 11. His death, and the competition for the Imperial dignity, 18. Mayenne, Duke of, becomes head of the catholic league, on the assassi nation of his brother the Duke of Guise, v. 357Mazarine, Cardinal, succeeds Richlieu in the French ministry, in the infancy of Louis XIV., vii, 247. Temporises with Cromwel, 249. His

II 2

compliment

compliment to Cromwel, 280. Concludes the treaty of the Pyrenees with Spain, 305. Refuses to see Charles II. of England, 306. Meal-tub plot, viii. 124.

Meaux besieged and taken by Henry V., iii. 115.

Medicis, Catharine de, her influence in the court of France lessened by the enormous authority usurped by the Duke of Guise, and his brothers, v. 40. Is appointed Regent on the death of Francis II., during the minority of Charles IX., 42. Her ill usage of Mary Queen of Scots makes Mary think of returning to Scotland, 43. Remarks on her plan of internal administration, 68. Is forced to embrace the Guise party against the Prince of Condé, 69. Consents to an accommodation with the Protestants, 78. Comes to an agreement with Elizabeth, 80. Concerts, with Philip of Spain and the Cardinal of Lorraine, a massacre of the French Protestants, 93. See Hugonots. Massacre of Paris, 205.

Medina Sidonia, Duke of, is appointed to the command of the Spanish Invincible Armada, v. 339. His instructions, 340. Disobeys his orders, in sailing to attack the English fleet, 341. Is worsted, and sails to Calais, 343. Is attacked and disconcerted by the English admiral, ib. Sails northward on his return, and his fleet destroyed by a storm, 344.

Melvil, James, assassinates Cardinal Beaton, iv. 298. His behaviour applauded in Knox's history, ib. note.

Sir James, is sent ambassador, from Mary Queen of Scotland, to Queen Elizabeth, v. 84. His instructions for negotiation, ib. His account of his conversation with Elizabeth concerning his mistress, ib. His character of Elizabeth on his return, 85. Is sent again to Elizabeth, to notify the birth of Prince James, 100. His account of Elizabeth's behaviour on this occasion, ib.

Robert, is sent by the protestant association in Scotland, called the Congregation of the Lord, to request assistance from Queen Elizabeth, v. 32, Proposes to Mary a marriage with the Duke of Norfolk, 156.

Members for Counties, the first steps towards sending them to parliament, ii. 184. See Commons.

Merchants grant impositions on merchandize to Edward I. in their private capacity, ii. 277, note.

Merchant adventurers, the society of, when first formed, ii. 324.

Mercia, the Saxon kingdom of, its extent, and by whom founded, i. 47. Its history continued, ib.

Merton, a synod called there, to establish ecclesiastical privileges, ii. 192.
The resolutions of, annulled by the Pope, ib.

Metz ineffectually attacked by the Emperor Charles V., iv. 382.
Miechelson, the Scots prophetess, some account of, vi. 337.

Middlesex, Earl of, treasurer, his character, vi. 144. Is impeached by the means of Buckingham, ib. His fine remitted, 145.

Middleton, Earl, is sent commissioner, on the restoration, to call a parliament in Scotland, vii. 365. His arbitrary conduct, 439. His commission given to Lord Rothes, 442.

Milan, dutchy of, subdued by the French, iii. 384. Maximilian Sforza reinstated in that dutchy, 424. Is attacked by Francis I. of France, iv,9.

Surrendered

Surrendered to Francis by Sforza for a pension, 10. The French driven out, 42. Is invaded again under the Admiral Bonnivet, 53. The city blockaded, ib. Bonnivet obliged to retire by the desertion

of his Swiss troops, 54. Is conquered by the Imperialists under the Duke of Bourbon, 69. The investiture again granted to Francis Sforza, 98. The Emperor renounces all claim to, 248.

Mildmay, Sir Walter, asserts the royal prerogative in high terms to the House of Commons, v. 228, 229.

Military-service, the origin and nature of, explained, ii. 102. Changed into pecuniary supplies, 247.

Militia, the first establishment of, by Alfred, i. 85. Regulated by King Henry II., 450. Feudal, the inconveniences attending their service, to the Kings who summoned their attendance, íi. 265. How their personal service became changed into pecuniary supplies, ib. The consequences of this alteration, 270. Law of Queen Mary for the regulation of, iv. 448. State of, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, v. 482. State of, in the reign of James I., vi. 178. A bill framed by the Commons, and passed, taking it into their own hands, 479. King Charles's reply when pressed to pass it, 482. Is carried into execution without his concurrence, 485. Establishment of, by parliament, on the restoration, vii. 391. State of, between the restoration and revolution, 321.

Mill, Walter, is burnt for heresy, at St. Andrews, v. 24. The extraordinary zeal of the people in his favour, ib.

Millenarians, or fifth-monarchy men, are for abolishing all government, after the death of Charles I., vii. 155.

Milton, John, his opinion of the monkish histories of Britain, i. 28.
His character as a writer, vii. 343. His Paradise Lost, how rescued
from oblivion, 344.
Remarks on the fate of the author, ib. His

death, 345.

Mind, huinan, history of, iii. 297.

Mitchell, a Scots fanatic, fires a pistol at the Archbishop of St. Andrews, viii. 54. His extraordinary treatment and execution, 55.

Mise of Lewes, the treaty so termed, ii. 206.

Mona. See Anglesea.

Monarchies, hereditary and elective, a comparative view of, under the feudal system, ii. 112.

Monasteries, subjected entirely to the King's regulations, by the parlia ment of Henry VIII., iv. 117. Reflections on their tendency, 147. Commissioners appointed to visit them, 148. Great abuses charged upon them, 149. Several surrender their revenues, ib. All nuns and friars who required dissmission, set at liberty, ib. The lesser suppressed by parliament, 150. Discontents among the people excited by the dispersed monks, 169. The greater monasteries sup pressed, 177. Reports of their scandalous abuses published to bring the memory of them into contempt, 178. Their reliques exposed, particularly the blood of Christ, 180. And rood of grace, ib. The number of them suppressed, and the amount of their revenues, 182. The hospitality exercised by them, 184. The surrender of, confirmed by parliament, 199. The abbots of Colchester, Reading,

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and Glastonbury, executed for treason, 199. A curious passage from Coke's Institutes, relating to the suppression of, 456. Money, the value of, among our Saxon ancestors, i. 226. Reflections on, 228. The interest it bore in the reign of Richard I., ii. 36, note. Remarks on the highest interest it bore in the thirteenth century, 226. A view of the state of, in the reign of Henry V., iii. 121. The rate of, in the time of Henry VII., 389, note. The interest of, when first fixed by law, iv. 278. The interest of, how limited in England and France at the time of Queen Elizabeth, v. 483.

Moneyage, an explanation of the tax levied by the Anglo-Norman Kings under that name, ii. 127. When abolished, ib.

Monk, General, commands for the parliament in Dundalk in Ireland, where his garrison mutinies against him, and delivers the place up to Ormond, vii. 164. Is left by Cromwel to complete the reduction of Scotland, 195. Reduces Stirling-castle, and sends the records of Scotland to London, 207. Takes Dundee, and puts the inhabitants to the sword, ib. Reduces the kingdom to obedience to the commonwealth, ib. Commands at sea under Blake, in an engagement with the Dutch, 215. Defeats the Dutch fleet under Tromp, who is killed, 234. His family and history, 307. His behaviour to his brother, who came to engage him in the royal cause, 311. Marches into England, 312. Advances without orders, 315. His message to the parliament, from St. Alban's, 316. Arrives in Westminster, ib. His reply to the thanks of parliament, ib. Executes the orders of the parliament in apprehending the refractory citizens, 318. Orders the parliament to dissolve and call a new one; and unites with the citizens, 319. Communicates his intentions to Sir John Granville, 322. Advises Charles II. to leave Spain for Holland, 323Secures the commanders in Ireland in the King's interest, 325. The King proclaimed, 328. Receives the King at Dover, 329. Is created Duke of Albemarle, 350. See Albemarle.

Monks, British, great slaughter of, by Adelfrid King of Northumberland, i. 41. Saxon, characterised, 110. Their address in working miracles, 127. See Monasteries.

Monkish historians, characters of, i. 28.

Monmouth, James Duke of, his birth and character, viii. 95. His illegitimacy declared by the King in council, 96. Defeats the Scots Covenanters at Bothwel-bridge, 115, Is deprived of his command, and sent abroad, by the influence of the Duke of York, 122. Comes over without leave, 125. Presents a petition against calling the parliament at Oxford, 150. Engages in a conspiracy against the King, 183. Absconds upon the discovery of it, 188. Is pardoned, 202. Is banished, 203. Invades England on the accession of James II., 227. Is attainted by parliament, ib. Instances of his misconduct, 228. Is defeated at Sedgmore, 229. Is executed, 230. Monopolies, enormous grants of, by Queen Elizabeth, v. 439. The pernicious tendency of these grants, 459. Debates in the House of Commons concerning, 528. Chief part of the national trade engrossed by exclusive companies and patents in the reign of James I., vi. 23. An açt

passed

passed against, 143. Are revived by Charles I., 296. The patents for, called in and annulled by James I., vi. 23.

Monothelites, their heresy condemned in a synod at Hatfield, i. 64. Monson, Sir William, commands under Admiral Sir Richard Levison, in an expedition to the coast of Spain, v. 443.

Montacute, brother of the Earl of Warwick, defeats the Lancastrians at Hexham, iii. 224. Gains a battle with the insurgents in Yorkshire, 233. Created a Marquis, 235. Leagues with his brother Warwick against King Edward, 239. Encourages his men to change sides, and drives Edward from his own camp, 241.

Montagu, Edward, a member of the House of Commons, the arbitrary speech of Henry VIII. to him, iv. 451, note.

Montague, Sir Edward, chief justice of the common pleas, is ordered by Edward VI., with other judges, to prepare a deed for the succession of Lady Jane Grey, iv. 362. Is abused by Dudley Duke of Northumberland, for refusing, 363. His expedient for the security of himself and the other parties, 364.

--, is sent with a squadron to the Baltic, to mediate between Sweden and Denmark, vii. 304. Quits his station to assist Sir George Booth and the royalists in their intended rising, which fails, 321. Obtains, with Monk, the joint command of the fleet, ib. Carries the fleet to Holland, to bring Charles II. over, 329. Is created Earl of Sandwich, 350. See Sandwich.

ambassador at Paris, secretly negotiates with France, and treacherously receives a large bribe from Barillon, the minister of that court, viii. 43, note. Returns without leave, and produces Danby's letter to the House of Commons, 86.

Montargis, besieged by the Earl of Warwick, iii. 137. Raised by the Count of Dunois, ib.

Montcontour, battle of, between the Duke of Anjou and the Admiral Coligni, v. 188.

Monteagle, Lord, receives intimation of the gunpowder plot, vi. 34. Communicates it to Lord Salisbury, ib.

Montecuculi, the Imperial General, joins the Prince of Orange, and obliges Lewis XIV. to abandon his conquest in the Low Countries, vii. 510. Montford, Simon de, appointed a General of the crusade published by Pope Innocent III. against the Albigenses, ii. 67. For his son, see Leicester. Montmorency, Constable, commands the French army, against the Spanish under Philibert Duke of Savoy, iv. 434. Is defeated and taken prisoner at the battle of St. Quintin, ib. His sentiments of the marriage of the Dauphin with the Queen of Scotland, v. 32. Joins the Duke of Guise against the Prince of Condé, 68. Takes Rouen from the Protestants, 71. Is taken prisoner by the Protestants at the battle of Dreux, 72. Is released by treaty, 78. Besieges Havre-deGrace, 79. Takes it by capitulation, 80. Is killed at the battle of St. Dennis, 186.

Montreville, the French ambassador, prevails with Charles I. to seek protection in the Scots army, vii. 72.

Montrose, Earl of, his first introduction to Charles I., vii. 43. Is impri soned in Scotland for his attachment to the King, 44. Procures Duke Hamilton's disgrace with the King, 46. Negotiates for Irish troops, to

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