The next summary shows for each year, for the five years, for all kinds of schools, for each kind, and for each group, the number of graduates-that is, the number entering the profession of medicine and surgery.

The year 1884-85 is low tide in this respect, as in the matter of matriculations. Eighty-four per cent. of the graduates were from "Regular" schools, nearly ten per cent. from Homeopathic schools, and the rest mainly from Eclectic schools. For most of the increase of the medical profession for which the schools are accountable, those teaching the "Regular” or Innominate doctrines are shown to be directly responsible.

Summary of medical graduates in the United States, for five years ending in 1886.

B.

A and B.

A.

Groups Group Group Groups Group Group Groups Group Group Group Group
A and B. A.

B.

A and B. A.

B.

B.

B.

The proportion of graduates from the groups is shown in the percentage table next presented. Eighty-three per cent. graduated from schools in Group B, as against seventeen per cent. from schools in Group A. This proportion holds for the " Regnlar" graduates; but twenty-five per cent. of the Homœopathics graduated from schools in Group A.

This is a very serious matter indeed, when properly considered. The legitimate, ascertained, and best-educated element in the increase of the medical profession, during the five years under review, graduated from schools whose standard of attainment was much lower than that recognized in any foreign country, and lower even than the standard set by many schools in this country.

Per cent. of graduates from medical schools of the two groups for five years.

Group A. Group B. Group A. Group B. Group A. Group B. Group B. Group B.

Finally, we must consider the proportion of graduates to matriculates for the period under review.

Somewhat more than a third of the medical students became doctors of medicine; but the proportion of graduates to matriculates in Group A was twenty-seven per cent., a little more than a fourth, while in Group B it was thirty-five per cent., or more than a third. If the proportion of graduates in Group B had been the same as in Group A, the number of graduates therefrom would have been about 12,500 instead of about 16,300, as heretofore shown. If, on the other hand, the graduates in Group A had been as numerous in proportion as in Group B, they would have risen from about 3,300 to about 4,300.

The rigid application of the requirement for a graded course of instruction for three years by all medical colleges during the five years under present consideration, would have resulted in reducing the number of graduates from about 19,600 to about 15,800. Whether this diminution of graduates would be beneficial as a whole to the medical profession, is a subject upon which men may differ; but there is no question that the graded course would tend to raise the standard of qualifications needed for graduation, and would supply a better quality of graduates for employment in the work of the medical practitioner.

Per cent., for the five years, of medical graduates to medical matriculates in the United

CHAPTER XX.

INDEX TO THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION, FROM 1868 TO 1887.

For nearly twenty years this Office has been issuing annual and special reports, circulars of information, and other occasional publications for the information of Congress and of the public. These documents now number some twenty-five volumes and comprise as many thousand pages; reference to their contents has become somewhat of a task; and the lapse of time makes it advisable that many bibliographical data respecting them should be committed to print before they are entirely lost. In order, therefore, to render reference to the contents of these publications easy, and to preserve useful memoranda respecting them, the accompanying list and index has been prepared.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

I.-ANNUAL REPORTS.

Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1867–68. 8°, pp. xl+856. Washington, 1868. Special report of the Commissioner of Education on the condition and improvement of public schools in the District of Columbia. 80, pp. 912. Washington, 1871. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the year 1870. 8°, pp. 579. Washington, 1870.

Same for 1871. 80, pp. 715. Washington, 1872.

Same for 1872.
Same for 1873.
Same for 1874.
Same for 1875.
Same for 1876.

Same for 1877.

Same for 1878.

pp. lxxxviii+1018. Washington, 1873.

, pp. clxxviii+870. Washington, 1874.

, pp. clii +935. Washington, 1875.
pp. clxxiii+1016. Washington, 1876.

, pp. ccxiii + 942. Washington, 1878.
pp. cevi 644. Washington, 1879.

, pp. cci+730. Washington, 1880.
8°, pp. ccxxx+757. Washington, 1881.
80, pp. cclxii +914. Washington, 1882.
8°, pp. cclxxvii +840. Washington, 1883.
80, pp. ccxciii+872. Washington, 1884.
8, pp. cclxxi +943. Washington, 1825.
80, pp. cccxvii +848. Washington, 1886.
8°, pp. xxi +792. Washington, 1887.

Same for 1879.
Same for 1880.
Same for 1881.
Same for 1882-83.
Same for 1883-84.
Same for 1884-85.
Same for 1885-86.

II. CIRCULARS OF INFORMATION.

Circular of information, August, 1870. pp. 70.-Contents: Illiteracy; derived from census tables of 1860; Educational statistics, translation of article by Dr. A. Ficker; Virchow on school-room diseases; Education of French and Prussian conscripts; School organization, etc.

Same, July, 1871. pp. 48.-Contents: Public instruction in Sweden and Norway; The "folkehoiskoler" of Denmark.

Same, November, 1871. pp. 14. Methods of school discipline.

Same, December, 1871. pp. 17. Compulsory education.

Same, January, 1872. pp. 43. German and other foreign universities.

Same, February, 1872. pp. 77.-Contents: Public instruction in Greece, the Argentine Republic, Chili, and Ecuador; Statistics respecting Portugal and Japan; Technical education in Italy.

Same, March, 1872. pp. 93.-Contents: Vital statistics of college graduates; Distribution of college students in 1870-71; Vital statistics in the United States, with diagrams.

Circular of information, April, 1872. pp. 125. Relation of education to labor.
Same, June, 1872. pp. 22. Education in the British West Indies.

Same, July, 1872. pp. 62. The kindergarten.

Same, November, 1872. pp. 79. American education at the Vienna Exposition of 1873.

Same, 1, 1873. pp. 66. Historical summary and reports on the systems of public instruction in Spain, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Portugal.

Same, 2, 1873. pp. 30. Schools in British India.

Same, 3, 1873. pp. 118. College commencements for the summer of 1873, in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

Same, 4, 1873. pp. 72. List of publications by members of certain college faculties and learned societies in the United States, 1867-72.

Same, 5, 1873. pp. 155. College commencements during 1873 in the Western and
Southern States.
Same, 1, 1874. pp. 77. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
National Educational Association, Washington, D. C. [1874].
Same, 2, 1874. pp. 56.
cation in the United
Same, 3, 1874. pp. 87.
Same, 1, 1875. pp. 114.
National Educational
Same, 2, 1875. pp. 64.
Same, 3, 1875. pp. 108.
Egypt.
Same, 4, 1875. pp. 16.
Same, 5, 1875. pp. 26.
tion, 1876.
Same, 6, 1875. pp. 208.
young.

Drawing in public schools; present relation of art to edu-
States.

History of secondary instruction in Germany.

Same, 7, 1875. pp. 130.
several States.
Same, 8, 1875. pp. 15.
tennial exhibition.
Same, 1, 1877. pp. 28.

Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, Washington, D. C. [1875].
Education in Japan.

Public instruction in Belgium, Russia, Turkey, Servia, and
Waste of labor in the work of education.
Educational exhibit at the International Centennial Exhibi-

Reformatory, charitable, and industrial schools for the

Constitutional provisions in regard to education in the
Schedule for the preparation of students' work for the cen-
Education in China.

Same, 2, 1877. pp. 77.-Contents: Public instruction in Finland, the Netherlands,
Denmark, Würtemberg, and Portugal; The University of Leipzig.
Same, 1, 1878. pp. 36.

Same, 2, 1878. pp. 24.
Same, 1, 1879. pp. 21.

Training of teachers in Germany.
Elementary education in London.
Training schools for nurses.

Value of common school education to common labor. [Re-
Report, 1872.]

Training schools of cookery.

American education as described by the French commission exhibition of 1876.

College libraries as aids to instruction.

Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, Washington, D. C., 1880.
Legal rights of children.

Rural school architecture.

Same, 2, 1879. pp. 192.-Contents: Proceedings of the Department of Superintend-
ence of the National Educational Association, 1877 and 1879, Washington, D. C.;
Proceedings of the conference of college presidents and delegates, Columbus, Ohio,
December, 1877.
Same, 3, 1879. pp. 37.
printed from Annual
Same, 4, 1879. pp. 49.
Same, 5, 1879. pp. 37.
to the international
Same, 1, 1880. pp. 27.
Same, 2, 1880. pp. 112.
National Educational
Same, 3, 1880. pp. 96.
Same, 4, 1880. pp. 106.
Same, 5, 1880. pp. 26.
Same, 6, 1880. pp. 219.
Same, 7, 1880. pp. 36.
Same, 1, 1881. pp. 26.
Same, 2, 1831. pp. 22.
American schools.
Same, 3, 1881. pp. 79.
National Educational
Same, 4, 1881. pp. 144.
Same, 5, 1881. pp. 47.
tion of children with
Same, 6, 1881. pp. 29.
Same, 1, 1832. pp. 23.
for nurses.

English rural schools.

Instruction in chemistry and physics in the United States.
The spelling reform.
Construction of library buildings.

Relation of education to industry and technical training in

Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, New York, 1881.

Education in France.

Causes of deafness among school children and the instrucimpaired hearing.

Effects of student life on the eyesight.

Inception, organization, and management of training schools

Circular of information, 2, 1882. pp. 112. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, 1882.

Legal provisions respecting the examination and licensing
Co-education of the sexes in the public schools of the United

Same, 3, 1852. pp. 67.
Same, 4, 1882.
Same, 5, 1882.
Same, 6, 1882. pp. 63.
Same, 1, 1883. pp. 46.
of teachers.
Same, 2, 1883. pp. 30.
States.
Same, 3, 1883. pp. 81.
National Educational
Same, 4, 1883. pp. 82.
Same, 1, 1884. pp. 11.
Same, 2, 1884. pp. 184.
and enlarged edition.]
Same, 3, 1884. pp. 99.

University of Bonn.

pp. 37.

Industrial art in schools.

pp. 14.

Maternal schools in France.
Technical instruction in France.

aid to education.

Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, Washington, D. C., 1883.
Recent school-law decisions.

Meeting of the International Prison Congress at Rome.
The teaching, practice, and literature of shorthand. [Second

Illiteracy in the United States. With appendix on national

Same, 4, 1884. pp. 176. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1884.
Same, 5, 1884. pp. 28. Suggestions respecting the educational exhibit at the New
Orleans Exposition, 1884-85.
Same, 6, 1884. pp. 90.
in the future.
Same, 7, 1884. pp. 158.
Same, 1, 1885. pp. 207.
Same, 2, 1885. pp. 206.
Same, 3, 1885. pp. 55.
technical instruction,
Same, 4, 1885. pp. 56.
Same, 5, 1885. pp. 183.
Same, 1, 1886. pp. 78.
Same, 2, 1886. pp. 91.
National Educational
Same, 1, 1887. pp. 89.
Same, 2, 1887. pp. 299.
Same, 3, 1887. pp. 200.
National Educational

Rural schools: progress in the past; means of improvement

Aims and methods of the teaching of physics.
City school systems in the United States.
Teachers' institutes.

Review of the reports of the British royal commissioners on
with notes.
Education in Japan.

Physical training in American colleges and universities.
Study of music in public schools.

Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, Washington, D. C., 1886.
The College of William and Mary.

Study of history in American colleges and universities.
Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the
Association, Washington, D. C., 1887.

III.-MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS.

Report on school architecture, and plans for graded schools. pp. 136. from Annual Report, 1868.]

[Reprinted

Suggestions for a free school policy for United States land grantees. pp. 6. 1872. Statement of the theory of education in the United States, approved by many leading educators. pp. 22. 1874.

National Bureau of Education; its history, work, and limitations. pp. 16. 1875. Educational conventions and anniversaries, 1876. pp. 187-.

International conference on education held in Philadelphia, in connection with the international exhibition of 1876. pp. 92. 1877.

List of public school officials in the States and Territories of the United States, 1875. pp. 62. 1875.

Manual of common native trees of the northern United States. pp. 23. 1877.

Are the Indians dying out? pp. 36. 1877.

International educational congress to be held at Brussels, Belgium, August, 1880. pp. 10. 1880.

Indian school at Carlisle barracks. pp. 5. 1880.

Industrial education in Europe. pp. 9.

1880.

Vacation colonies for sickly school children. pp. 4.

1830.

Progress of western education in China and Siam. pp. 13. 1880.

Educational tours in France. pp. 4. 1880.

Medical colleges in the United States. pp. 3. 1881.

Comparative statistics of elementary education in fifty principal countries. (Folding sheet.) 1881.

Fifty years of freedom in Belgium; Education in Malta; Third international geographical congress at Venice, 1831; Illiteracy and crime in France; School savings banks; Education in Sheffield. pp. 8. 1881.

Library aids. pp. 10. 1881.