for 1883-87; from replies to inquiries by the U. S. Bureau of Education-Continued.

Professors
and in-

structors.

Students.

TABLE 42, DIVISION B.-Statistics of institutions for the superior instruction of women

for 1886-87; from replies to inquiries by the U. S. Bureau of Education-Continued.

II.-UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.

In the tabular scheme employed since 1873 in the reports of this Office, the superior scholastic institutions for men or for both sexes have been divided into three groups, viz, universities and colleges, schools of science, and professional schools. This scheme suffices for about two-thirds of the institutions, but is inadequate for the remainder, owing to their complex organization and the rapid expansion of what are generally termed university features.

The separate presentation of a few of the more comprehensive foundations was made in the Report for 1885-86. This view is extended in the present Report, as will be seen by reference to Tables 43 and 44, the former including foundations comprising "groups of related faculties, colleges, or schools" endowed by private funds, and the latter, State universities. The details of the separate departments, colleges, etc., of these foundations are presented as heretofore in the tables to which they respectively pertain, and are included in the corresponding summaries.

The more thoroughly the general college work of the country is understood, the more clearly will be seen the importance of foundations which are destined to become great centres of the higher learning.

Disciplined minds and steady enthusiasm on the part of students; freedom, devotion, and concentration on the part of professors; libraries; laboratory equipments, full and varied as the forms and forces of nature; the inspiring contact of minds representing diverse formative influences; are the essentials of university life and labor. The possible number of such seats of learning is limited; they can not exist at all excepting in a condition of public intelligence, and of public and of private liberality which are, or should be, promoted by the smaller colleges and diffused by their agency throughout the land.

It is not pretended that the foundations which have been selected for representation in the tables following are all universities, or even that they all bear the promise of becoming universities, in the special sense of that much-abused term. It is, however, believed that the principle of selection employed is justified by the facts and tendencies as known at present. The foundations comprised in Table 43 illustrate every source from which the material equipments of the highest order of institutions is likely to arise, excepting State or national bounty. All of them have progressed far enough to be judged by their actual work, and nearly all of them have achieved more than national distinction.

The undergraduate work of five of these institutions is carried on in colleges of arts and schools of science having their distinct faculties and students; in three, schools of science have distinct recognition, although the faculties and students are not reported separately from those of the college of arts; in the remaining four, the undergraduates are classified by the subjects or courses of study pursued.

Graduate departments, not professional, are reported from ten of the institutions. Seven of the ten report also professional schools, as do the two that do not report a graduate department.

The graduate students include 7 per cent. and the professional students 50 per cent. of the students of their respective institutions.

Ten of the twelve foundations in question report productive funds amounting in the aggregate to $24,567,745, which is 34 per cent. of the total productive funds reported for all colleges of liberal arts, schools of science, and professional schools.

The total receipts for the year as reported from ten of the institutions were $2,474,463, which sum was made up as follows: income from productive funds, 52 per cent.; receipts from tuition fees, 32 per cent.; State appropriations, 1 per cent.; other sources, 15 per cent.

The twenty-four institutions included in Table 44, while differing widely from each other in respect to their present development, have this in common-that they are all State nuiversities.

Fourteen of the universities report graduate students, and seventeen report professional students, the number of the former being 2 per cent., and of the latter 35 per cent., of the students of their respective institutions.

With a single exception all the State universities report their productive funds, the aggregate amount being $6,881,045.

This

The total income reported for twenty-three of the universities is $1,302,042. amount was made up as follows: income from productive funds, 32 per cent.; receipts from tuition fees, 11 per cent.; from State appropriations, 49 per cent.; from other sources, per cent. Tuition fees, it will be seen, form but a small proportion of the aggregate income; the details show further that in three cases only do they represent a comparatively large part of the individual incomes.

The attendance upon post-graduate courses in the State universities is small as compared with the same in the universities included in Table 43. The number of graduate students in the latter is 55 per cent. of the entire number of such students reported from all colleges and universities.

As regards professional schools, theology has no representation in the State universities, and but four schools, with 272 students, in the universities of Table 43.

The law schools in Table 44 number 14, with 973 students, and in Table 43, 8, with 1,262 students. The number of medical schools in Table 44 is 11, with 969 students, and in Table 43, 9, with 2,412 students. The remaining professional students are distributed in dental, pharmaceutical, and veterinary schools.

The theological students of Table 43 represent 4 per cent. of all such students reported; the attendance upon law schools in both tables, 70 per cent. of all law students reported; and the attendance upon the medical schools, 28 per cent. of the medical students reported for the country at large.

In the report of funds distinction is not generally made between the several schools or departments of universities. So far as that has been done in the case of the universities here tabulated, the fact can be ascertained by reference to the detailed tables, in which the several departments have separate representation.

Comparisons of institutions with respect to their material resources are misleading, unless all the conditions under which their work is maintained can be taken into account. This is true when the institutions considered are in the same country, and doubly so when they are in different countries. At the same time, the knowledge of the resources available or which are deemed necessary for the conduct of higher education in any established seat of learning is always helpful to those charged with the same responsibility elsewhere. Information of this kind is not readily obtained from foreign countries, a circumstance which makes the publication of what is obtained all the more desirable.

In connection with the view here presented of university work and resources in the United States, the following statement respecting the colleges which are comprised in Cambridge University, England, is likely to be suggestive.

It presents the result of the assessment by the Financial Board of the income of the several colleges for the purposes of contribution to the Common University Fund. The source of the information is the Educational Times' of July 1, 1888.

The funds which in the original were given in English currency are 1ere converted into dollars.