Two hundred and forty-nine of the 438 recipients of questionnaires replied to them, and of these 168, or over two-thirds, reported that they had no funds for scholarships.

The work of the eighty organizations that reported an active participation in scholarship work, however, makes a most interesting page in the chronicle of public education.

Thirty-six organizations reported that they turned their funds over to organized distributing agencies, such as the Vocational Supervision League, the Scholarship Association for Jewish Children, the Austin and Lindblom High School Students' Aid funds, and special funds at the Art Institute and the Chicago School of Expression. This meager list of supporters is accounted for by the fact that so large a number of contributing clubs failed to reply to the questionnaire. The amounts pledged by those that reported varied from occasional donations sum sufficient to provide several scholarships a year.

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First organized to further vocational guidance in Chicago, the Vocational Supervision League now gives the bulk of its time and attention to providing funds to enable children to continue their education when they would otherwise be compelled to go to work to relieve the family of the burden of their support. Applications from the public schools are encouraged. Applicants must be between. fourteen and sixteen years of age, past the sixth grade, and able to pass the physical examination necessary to obtain a work

least eighty is required and the child himself must have a strong desire to continue his education. Mental testing has been begun to aid in determining the child's ability to utilize further education and in making practical plans for his progress. At the time of application, the economic condition of the child's family must preclude his further school attendance.

In 1923 the League helped 184 of these ardent youngsters with payments of five to twenty dollars a month aggregating $16,895.50. The children were of twentyseven nationalities, and they attended many high schools in the city and fifteen of the elementary schools. Most of them were in high schools, and were almost equally divided between two and fouryear courses. Payments are continued until the chosen course is completed, unless the student fails to keep up with the class; the student comes each month to the office to receive his grant and report progress, and occasionally the scholarship workers visit the home to keep a friendly contact with parents.

The work of the Scholarship Association for Jewish Children is similar to that of the Vocational Supervision League, although it differs substantially in certain respects. Applicants must be in need of financial help in order to continue in school, and those under sixteen must be able to qualify for a working certificate. But they must be Jewish and of exceptional ability; and they may be from fourteen to eighteen years of age. Grants are almost entirely for high school courses, although some pupils are in elementary or trade schools.

Before a scholarship is granted by either organization there are visits to home and school, a report on the family through the Social Service Exchange; and in each case the applicant is given a mental test. Every month the children report and every quarter the school reports the child's progress.

One hundred and five children were given scholarships. The amount of the scholarships varied from six to forty-one dollars a month; in all $14,063 was paid out in scholarships. An interesting feature of the Association's plan lies in its effort to follow-up each child. The adviser plans to hear from or see all the young people who have received scholarships at least twice a year for four or five years after graduation, and already an interesting series of stories of youthful accomplishment is on file.

Another distributing agency is the Educational Aid Society. Through its Student's Aid division, the organization seeks to help ambitious but impecunious young men and women to secure education; and though its aid lies primarily in either furnishing work or furnishing information about work open to students in a given locality, it will also advance, under certain conditions, the fees for the selected school. Scholarships are mainly for boarding schools and may include living expenses. They range from $20.00 to $500.00.

Realizing acutely the intimate relation between ignorance and poverty, seven organizations, having legal or institutional jurisdiction over children, give their wards the advantages of schooling until they are at least sixteen years of age. Chief among these is the Mother's Pension Fund of the Juvenile Court, which previously discontinued the pensions of children of fourteen years who were eligible for working certificates, but which now continues the grant until the children are sixteen providing they are doing well in school.

The Bohemian Industrial Training Schools for boys and girls keep their children in school until they are sixteen. During the last year the United Charities, has kept thirty-three children in school beyond the legal working age; and the Jewish Social Service Board pursues the same policy with the children of the families which it aids. The Chicago Home

for Jewish Orphans, with an educationa! endowment fund of $43,250, goes much farther in realizing the practical value of education; it not only keeps all its children in public schools to the age of sixteen, but sends such of these as desire it through high school, business college, or university, raising special funds if necessary, and helping them in every way to secure desired training. The Big Sisters and the Eleanor Junior Clubs provide both education and a home, the former placing girls in convent schools and the latter providing home, food, clothing and public school for twelve dependent or nearly dependent girls from ten to sixteen years of age.

The Augustus Jacobson Fund, established for the use of high school children, is now exhausted. The Ella Flagg Young Memorial Fund aided nineteen students last year. The $610.00 yielded was turned over to principals at their request to aid individual children. It is designed for children not yet fourteen and therefore ineligible for scholarships from the Vocational Supervision League or the Scholarship Association for Jewish Chil

dren.

The Protestant Woman's Service Club contributes to the Vocational Supervision League, and also supports thirteen children who are being sent to public schools. In 1923 this organization also paid a small sum per week to the mothers of two boys who could not otherwise have attended high school.

Several organizations made a number of different types of grants. The Chicago Woman's Aid, for example, beside contributing to the Scholarship Association for Jewish Children, gives one scholarship to the Medill School of Journalism and two, preferably for Jewish students, to the Graduate School of Social Service Administration of the University of Chicago. The Englewood Woman's Club gives a music extension scholarship of $100.00 and two part prizes of $150.00, beside its contribution to the Vocational

Supervision League, and to the aid of one pupil at Englewood High School. The Jewish People's Institute helps boys and girls over sixteen in night schools only, financial necessity being the only desideratum, except in the case of music scholarships where exceptional ability is required. Five hundred and forty young people were aided last year. The Woman's National Farm and Garden Association has raised a scholarship fund for the use of young women prepared for college, who wish to study agriculture or horticulture. This pays all or part of the tuition or personal expenses, and may be extended for a full four year course.

Among the special training schools, the tuition scholarships granted by Armour Instutite of Technology, constitute perhaps the largest and most well organized group. There are eleven memorial scholarships to be awarded to entering and resident students in various departments. There is a freshman scholarship for one student from each public high school in Cook County. There are twenty-five more to be awarded freshmen in the Department of Fire Protection Engineering, selection to be made by a definite system of apportionment which results in the appointment of men from nineteen central states. There is a Scholarship Loan Fund supported by Chicago Alumni, available for juniors and seniors, to be repaid with nominal interest after graduation; and the Faculty Club maintains another Loan Fund with similar regulations. And finally there is an Art Institute prize of $250.00 given annually to the winner of the Home Travelling Scholarship in the Department of Architecture.

The Chicago Art Institute has about sixteen tuition scholarships through which it helps both full-time and Saturday students, sometimes splitting scholarships as needed. These are donated by individuals and clubs, and vary from year to year, but so far as possible scholarships are continued as long as the pupils need them. Last year $4,100.00 was expended

in this way for the benefit of some thirtysix students. There is also the Butler Fund from which small amounts may be borrowed for a year without interest.

The American Conservatory of Music paid $2,000.00 in cash for the tuition of about fifty pupils last year. This money is awarded as full or half-yearly scholarships, which are frequently renewed, and no provision is made for repayment. The Chicago Musical College has for more than forty years provided scholarships for its pupils, the funds coming from private subscription and from life memberships. Two hundred and sixteen full and partial awards were made during 1923. Seventysix of these entitled the holders to instruction in piano, violin or voice for forty weeks.

The Columbia School of Music offers twenty-five full and fifty partial scholarships, awarded each year by competitive examination in the piano, voice, violin, normal and public school music departments. The character and circumstances of the candidate must be attested by a representative citizen; honor scholarships are awarded only advanced students. The Sherwood Music School spent about $3,000.00 last year for ten of its students, in amounts ranging from $50.00 to $500.00. Such assistance is continuous as long as necessary.

The Chicago School of Expression and Dramatic Art awards one scholarship annually.

The Civic Music Association administers a loan fund for students who have played before Mr. Stock and been accepted as members of the Civic Orchestra. The object is to assist talented young people to get first class instruction and to purchase instruments if necessary. The money comes from specifically endorsed memberships and is to be repaid when the student has secured a professional position.

For young women attending the Chicago College of Osteopathy, the Osteopathic Woman's Club raises a loan fund

from which payments are made in a lump sum with provision for repayment with interest after graduation; the borrower must be studious and physically fit, and able to furnish a reliable endorser for

her note.

Some private schools responded with interesting facts. Lewis Institute has ten full scholarships for general excellence and one to be awarded for excellence in public speaking. One partial scholarship goes for second award in the oratorical contest, and one goes to a young woman student. Forty scholarships to veterans of the World War or their descendants, have been made available to Lewis Institute students by the will of LaVerne Noyes. Loyola University offers general scholarships to graduate students with exceptional records, and its School of Sociology alumnae have founded four permanent scholarships of $1,500.00 each. The National Kindergarten and Elementary College has three forms of scholarships: Loan Fund, $200.00 each, payable one year after graduation; Service, by which four students earn annual tuition in the library, the bookcase, or the demonstration school; and Missionary, for which applicants must be over eighteen and must agree to go abroad for missionary work after graduation. The Scholarship Fund of Sinai Social Center pays the tuition fees of students who are unable to meet the admission fees in any department. The University High School awards one scholarship for a girl and one for a boy each year, paid for by the University of Chicago Elementary and High School Parent-Teacher Association. The University School for Girls has a high school scholarship awarded annually to the girl with the highest eighth grade rating. The Y. M. C. A. School of Commerce awards tuition scholarships for one semester at a time on the basis of competitive rating. Loans are also made for tuition and these are supposed to be repaid.

specialized training of the handicapped. One is the Chicago League for the Hard of Hearing, and its limited funds are used for people of exceptional ability in particular need of courses in lip-reading and of vocational readjustment. The State Board for Vocational Education, on the other hand, has such unlimited funds that all otherwise competent persons of employable age who are handicapped by accident or disease, are eligible to its help in obtaining special advice and special vocational training to make them self-supporting.

The Polish National Alliance, with the progress of its own people clearly in view, appropriates a loan fund for the benefit of its members. Twnty-two students were paid amounts from $50.00 to $100.00 each, on the understanding that the money be repaid in five years without interest. The Jewish Educational Center, whose object is to foster Jewish culture and train Jewish youth through a direct study of Hebrew, supports a maintenance fund to defray the expenses of needy students.

The School Children's Aid Society, whose work is too well known to need comment, distributed 49,315 garments and 10,573 pairs of shoes to help keep 12,410 children in school during 1923.

The survey of Chicago's high schools showed wide variation in the use of

scholarships. Calumet, Crane, Fenger, Flower, Lane, McKinley, Medill, Morgan Park, Phillips, Senn, Tilden and Tuley

have no funds for the use of their own

students, though at Calumet individual children have been helped by special contributions or by application to the local Parent-Teachers' Association.

Harrison High School contributed the interest on $150.00 in bonds to the Vocational Supervision League and has no other fund; Hyde Park does the same with about $400.00 raised through the P. T. A. and the Girls' Reserve, making three

Ten hgih schools collect and administer their own funds for their own students, in some cases aided by the help of the P. T. A. At Austin High School the P. T. A. acts as collecting and distributing agent, and makes a thorough but sympathetic investigation of the needs of children who are about to leave school to go to work, in order to make the best possible bargain to secure further school attendance. Sometimes only carfare and lunch money are provided; sometimes clothing; sometimes the possible earnings of the child are paid toward the family's support.

Bowen High School administers the Grace Darling Memorial Fund of $100.00 a year, given to a graduate for college training, and it may be continued to the same recipient for four years. It is loaned for five years without interest.

Englewood High School's Scholarship Loan Fund is made up of donations from friends and from school organizations, and the needs of applicants are investigated by the teacher who is designated Social Worker. From May, 1922 to 1924, $1,480.00 was given to twenty-six students, in amounts ranging from $1.00 to $160.00. The recipient agrees to pay back the loan when his financial condition is improved.

Hibbard High School established its first fund in 1923, assisting one pupil. This Student's Aid Fund is to be collected through the P. T. A. which makes a study of the applicant's situation, receives reports from the school on his progress, and visits his home.

Lake View High School has a special scholarship which is replenished annually by the graduating classes. It is used to help pupils whose character and scholarship are high.

Lindblom High School distributed $1,500.00 in two funds. One is a Welfare Fund to help students of exceptional ability to remain in high school and one is a scholarship fund from which $180.00 to $200.00 a year is loaned to graduates so that they may attend college. This is to be paid back three years after graduation.

Marshall High School distributes a Student's Aid Fund of $1,750.00, approximately the largest amount granted being $2.00 a week. This is continued as long as necessary with no thought of repayment, and such clothing as may be needed is sometimes also supplied.

Tilden's Civic Industrial Club contributes to the Vocational Supervision League, and hopes to establish a loan and scholarship fund in the future.

Waller has a small fund now available and a committee is working to plan the augmenting and distributing of it.

Parker P. T. A. has a fund and is assisting the Parker High School in the establishment of scholarships.

Many of the high school students win scholarships at the University of Chicago, Armour, Northwestern and Illinois, through class standing and competitive examination. In general, scholarship work beyond high school was not dealt with in this study because the subject is so extensive and varies so entirely from college to college.