vinia Davis, Miss Ellen A. Moore, A. B., Miss Emma Brown, and Miss Celia A. Moore, assistants. S. E. McKee, A. M., Tutor. Henry S. Perkins, B. M., Professor of vocal culture, harmony and composition. A. T. Smith, Teacher of

instrumental music.

The expenditures for the year 1866-67 were: For salaries, $12,100; miscellaneous expenses, $11,041.77; total, $23,141.77. The foregoing statement of annual expenditures are confined to the income of the fund and tuition fees, and do not include any money appropriated from other sources. A more correct idea of the nature of these expenditures will be derived from the subjoined list of appropriations made by the Board for the year 1867-68. These appropriations were simply estimates, and the Secretary, under the direction of the auditing committee, was authorized to draw on them for the objects named, but not to exceed the amount appropriated for each object, and any unexpended balance was to be carried forward to the account of the next year. The design of the Board was, first to pay the actual current expenses, and then to expend the surplus at their disposal in making such additions to the facilities for instruction as were most needed.

During the partial organization of the University, prior to 1860, all the students were from Johnson county, in which the institution is located. But time has effected a salutary change in this particular. There are now 292 students from other counties of the state, and forty-seven counties represented, instead of one. This change has been steadily progressive, and is now more marked than ever. The recent changes in the Preparatory department will add to this result, by excluding a class of students hitherto improperly admitted to it, most of whom were residents of Johnson county. In the first year after the change was made, the attendance in this department was reduced to 230, against 497 during the previous year, and the attendance from Johnson county to 163 against 346. That there should be an excess from this county is a purely local feature, common to all similar institutions. It must also be remembered that families acquire a residence at Iowa City for the purpose of

educating their children, and students are thus credited to this county who properly belong elsewhere.

There are four Literary Societies connected with the University-the "Zetagathean," "Irving Institute," "Erodelphian," and "Hesperian," the first two composed of young men, the latter two of young ladies.

In 1865 the Board of Trustees made an appropriation of $1,200 for the completion of the upper story of the south hall for the use of these societies. The story was divided into two large apartments, separated from each other by a hall ten feet wide, through the center from east to west for stair-way. Each of these apartments are divided by a partition from north to south, thus making four apartments, cor

responding to the number of societies-all entered from the hall.* The two on the east side were finished toward the close of the year, and were assigned respectively to the Zetagathean and Irving Institute. The two on the west side are to be finished in like manner for the Erodelphian and Hesperian.

The Zetagathean was founded in April, 1861. The room appropriated for its use has been neatly furnished at a cost of about $600, contributed by its members and friends. One hundred and fifteen regular, and twenty-nine honorary members have been admitted since its organization. When the actual attendance exceeds thirty, no new member can be admitted. Thirty-seven of its regular members were in the army, two of whom lost their lives, and two were severely wounded and permanently disabled. Membership, upon the maintenance of good moral character, is perpetual. Its motto is Vita sine literis mors est"-" Life without learning is death."

It held its first annual exhibition, June 17th, 1863. Chas. E. Borland was President, and George Griswold, Secretary. Addresses were delivered by T. S. Wright, C. M. Howe, K. O. Holmes and Charles E. Borland. The question for discussion was, "Are the examples of nature better calculated for the encouragement of youth than those of illustrious men. K. O. Holmes spoke in the affirmative, and William W. Baldwin in the negative. Its officers are elected for a term of eight weeks. Carey R. Smith, J. C. Rutan, Geo. W. Brant, Richard Totten, Ben. W. Clark, Charles E. Borland, T. S. Wright, K. O. Holmes, S. S. Howell, Frank Springer, J. M. Williams, William W. Baldwin, Milton Remley, D. M. Wyland, Craig L. Wright and John W. Glass have been presiding officers, elected in the order above named, some of whom have served a number of terms. The membership is now full, and the society in a flourishing condition.

The Erodelphian was organized October 6th, 1862, with

*Since the above was written the four rooms have been converted into two, each occupied jointly by two of the societies, their meetings being held at different periods.

forty-four members.

Its members are distinguished as ordinary and honorary, the former class being composed of yonng ladies who are students of the University in good standing, and the latter of ladies distinguished for their literary attainments and moral worth. The meetings are held weekly, and the exercises consist of recitations, discussions, select readings, essays, and verbal criticisms. The officers are elected for a term of six weeks. The number of members now in

attendance is thirty-one. gion and Liberty."

Its motto is "Philosophy, Reli

The Hesperian was organized in the latter part of the year 1863. Like the Erodelphian, it is composed of young ladies connected with the University. The total number of members admitted is ninety-seven, and the number of regular members now in attendance is nineteen. Its meetings are well attended, and its past history has been marked with uninterrupted prosperity. Its motto is, "Truth and perse

verance."

The Irving Institute was founded January 26th, 1864. It was virtually a re-formation of the Ciceronian, which existed at an earlier date. As before stated it is also provided with a hall, the counterpart of that occupied by the Zetagathean, which, through the enterprise of its members and the contributions of its friends, has been handsomely fitted up and decorated, and was formally dedicated, February 9th, 1866, with appropriate ceremonies. Eleven honorary, and eighty regular members have been admitted, and there are twentyfive regular members now in attendance. It also furnished its quota of members for the army. Its progress in literary attainments is illustrative of its motto, "Ever onward step by step."

It would be pleasant to pursue the history of these societies more in detail, but time and space forbid. When properly conducted they are essential to every well regulated institution of learning, and through the rivalry and emulation which they create, become an efficient instrumentality for the development of the mind. When provided with ample accommodations, the restrictions as to the number of mem

bers to be admitted will doubtless be removed, or so modified as to embrace a larger number.

V. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.

The University grounds, as previously stated, consist of an area forty rods square. The buildings are located in the center from north to south, in line with each other, and facing the east. As yet we have not sufficiently advanced in our classical history to designate them by names, but it would not be inappropriate if the original building should at some future time be known as Lucas Hall. At present they are usually distinguished as the central, the north, and south halls.

The central edifice-formerly the State Capitol-is one of the most substantial structures in the state, and is a model in the simplicity and symmetry of its architectural proportions. It is of the Doric order in architecture, and John F. Rague, of Springfield, Illinois, was the architect. It is 60 feet east and west, by 120 feet north and south, and two stories high above the basement, facing Iowa Avenue, which corresponds in width to its length. It is built of limestone, rough hewn, except the basement, facings, pilasters and gables, which are of cut stone. The foundation walls are six feet thick, and sunk to an average depth of six feet below the natural surface of the ground, and thoroughly grouted. Those of the basement are four feet thick, and of the lower story three, and of the upper, two feet. The basement walls are capped with a water table of cut stone sixteen inches thick, which projects sixteen inches from the exterior face of the walls.

At the main entrance from the east is a portico, supported by four massive columns, 12 feet in advance of the walls of the upper stories. The east and west fronts are the same in style and finish, except that the west portico, deemed superfluous, has not been constructed. On each of the fronts are eight pilasters, each four feet wide, and projecting ten inches from the face of the walls, with cut stone caps supporting the architrave. Through the centre of the first and second stories from east to west is a vestibule, 30 feet wide, intersected by a hall, 7 feet wide, through the center of the first