Clymer, George, of Pennsylvania, delegate to federal convention, 20
.51, 70, 77, 85, 209
Commander-in-chief of Army and Navy.
Commerce, under the Confederation, 5, 7, 12; power to regu-
late, 85, 140, 147, 152, 208; see also Trade.
Commercial interests......
Committee of Detail, 122, 123, 124-133; report of, 126ff, 143,
155, 157, 163, 177; report of considered, 134-179; impor-
tance of work of, 124, 132, 201.
Committee of the Whole House........71ff, 81, 82, 84, 86ff, 91, 123
Committee of Style and Arrangement, 179, 181, 182, 186, 187,
Committee on assumption of state debts..
Committee on encouraging economy....
Committee on navigation acts and the slave trade.....
Committee on numbers in first house of representatives...100, 101
Committee on unfinished parts of Constitution...
Committee to devise a compromise on representation.
Common defence, see General welfare.
Compromises in federal convention, 100, 135, 183, 201, 203; on
inferior courts, 80; on representation, 91-112, 113, 114, 122,
134, 146; on numbers in first house of representatives, 101;
on slave trade and navigation acts, 149-152; on election of
of president, 166ff; on assumption of state debts, 141, 177;
see also Large states.
Confederation, see Articles of Confederation, Commerce, Con-
gress of the Confederation, Defects of the Confederation,
and "Federal."
Congress of the Confederation, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 24, 54, 82;
resolution of, authorizing federal convention, 11, 28, 29,
31; see also Defects of the Confederation.
Congress of the United States, composition and organization
of, 50, 69, 74ff, 92, 127, 129, 130, 136, 137, 160-161; mem-
bers of, 50, 75, 76, 77, 91, 92, 130, 135, 136, 137, 187-188,
189; powers of, 50, 69, 70, 77, 80, 85, 127, 128, 129, 130,
139ff, 145, 147, 153, 154, 158, 161, 176, 186, 187, 189, 203
(see also under headings for separate powers); see also
House of Representatives, Proportional representation,
Senate, and Supreme law.
Connecticut, charter and constitution of, 13; appointment of
delegates from, to federal convention, 33, 35 (see also
under names of delegates); in the opposition in federal
convention, 82, 85, 153; voted against a national govern-
ment, 73; voted against proportional representation, 75,
95; favored equal vote in senate, 95, 96; voted for census
of three-fifths of slaves, 103; favored compromise on
representation, 104, 106; voted in favor of proposal for
payment of debts, 177.
Constitution of the United States, ratification of, 10, 11, 14,
28, 51, 70, 71, 80, 81, 121, 127, 157, 158, 159, 180, 190;
agreed to in federal convention, 191; engrossed, 191, 192;
signed, 194; description of completed, 191, 200ff, 209, 210;
adoption of, 142, 207; success of, 208; text of, see appen-
dix, 233-251; see also Address to accompany Constitu-
tion, Amendments to Constitution, Articles of Confedera-
tion, Compromises, Defects of the Confederation, Federal
Convention, States, and Supreme law.
Contracts, obligation of.....
Convention, see Annapolis, and Federal Convention.
Council of revision, 50, 70, 79, 157, 202; see also Executive
Credentials, see Federal convention, and separate states.
Dana, Francis, of Massachusetts, failed to attend federal
convention
Davie, William R., of North Carolina, delegate to federal
convention, 23; member of compromise committee, 98.
Dayton, Jonathan, of New Jersey, delegate to federal con-
vention, 19; favored equal vote in senate, 96.
Debts, see Assumption of state debts.
Declaration of Independence, 1, 2; signers of, 17, 18, 20, 21,
25, 32, 34.
Declaration of rights, see Bill of rights.
Defects of the Confederation, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 28, 42-52,
68-69, 72, 202ff; object of federal convention to remedy,
9, 10, 23, 28, 42-52, 69, 72, 90, 127-128, 191, 201ff; see also
Federal Convention.
Delaware, appointment of delegates from, to federal con-
vention, 11, 24, 56, 75 (see also under names of delegates);
voted in favor of national government, 73; voted against
three-fifths rule, 75; voted for New Jersey plan, 89; voted
against proportional representation in lower house, 95;
voted for counting slaves equally with whites, 102; voted
against census of free inhabitants, 103; voted for com-
promise on representation, 104, 105; voted against com-
promise on slave trade, 150; voted against substituting
house of representatives for senate in election of president,
169; in the opposition in federal convention, 73, 82, 85,
153; referred to, 8, 13, 25, 100, 117.
Delegates, see Federal Convention, and under names of indi-
vidual states.
Departments, see Executive departments.
Detail, committee of, see Committee of Detail.
Dickinson, John, of Delaware, delegate to federal convention,
25; opposed a strong national government, 81; favored
popular election of executive, 116; favored restrictions on
money-bills, 139; favored council for president, 171-172;
part taken by, in work of federal convention, 200; quoted,
Direct taxation, see Taxation.
Dred Scott case.
Duties on imports, 4, 5, 45, 85, 150, 152, 153, 154; see also
Revenue, Taxation.
Duvall, Gabriel, of Maryland, declined appointment to federal
convention
Electors, see Executive, and President.
Elliot, Jonathan, cited.......
Ellsworth, Oliver, of Connecticut, delegate to federal conven-
tion, 34, 35; opposed a strong national government, 81;
favored New Jersey plan, 86; member of compromise
committee, 98; makes motion for equal vote in senate, 106;
favored ratification of Constitution by state legislature,
121; member of committee of detail, 122, 124; opposed
restrictions on money-bills, 139; part taken by, in the work
of federal convention, 124, 132, 200; quoted, 93, 132, 149.
Embargo of 1807......
England, see Great Britain.
Execution of the laws of the union, 140, 209, see also Executive,
and President.
Executive, character of, 3, 73, 78, 79, 85, 117, 127, 129, 161, 169-
170, 203; to be single or plural, 50, 77, 85, 160; election of,
70, 77, 78, 85, 88, 115, 117; term of office of, 77, 78, 88, 115,
117; powers and duties of, 79, 85, 86, 88, 119, 157, 160
(see also Veto); see also Impeachment, and President.
Executive council, 50, 166, 171, 172; see also Council of revision.
Executive departments
Expenditures, accounts of, ordered.....
Experience, importance of, in work of federal convention....
Exports, prohibition of tax on.
Extradition of criminals...
52, 128, 129, 203, 204, 205
.132, 148, 151, 186
"Federal," meaning of term in federal convention....69 note 1, 84
Federal Convention, calling of, 9, 10, 12, 28, 68; organization
and sessions of, 54-61, 64, 98, 113, 122, 134, 179, 191, 192,
194, 198 (see also Committee of the Whole House); spirit
and purpose of, 62, 63, 81, 84, 94, 114, 118, 134, 185, 187
(see also Compromises, and Defects of the Confedera-
tion); delegates to, 10, 14-40, 43, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63, 122
(see also under names of individuals); powers of, 73, 74,
86, 87, 113; reports and proceedings of, 58-60, 65, 110, 194;
a second, proposed, 180-181, 191, 192.
Federal ratio, see Three-fifths rule.
"Federalist," the, quoted..
Few, William, of Georgia, delegate to federal convention......26
Finance, see Duties, Money, Money-bills, Revenue, Taxation.
First branch, see Congress of the United States, and House of
Fitzsimons, Thomas, of Pennsylvania, delegate to federal con-
Ford, P. L., Pamphlets on Constitution of United States.......40
Foreign relations, 47, 50; see also Treaties.
France, representative of, cited...
Franklin, Benjamin, of Pennsylvania, delegate to federal
convention, 22; and the presidency of the convention, 55;
supported a strong national government, 81; made motion
for prayers in convention, 94; proposed compromise, 96;
member of committee on representation, 98; favored
impeachment, 118; favored restrictions on money-bills,
139; supported council for president, 171-172; wanted
power granted to construct canals, 189; presented form of
approval for Constitution, 192; part taken by, in work of
federal convention, 199; quoted, 92, 194.
Franklin, Temple, candidate for secretary of convention.......56
Freedom of the press...
Frontier, see Admission of new states, and the West.
Gallatin, Albert
General welfare
Georgia, appointment of delegates from, to federal convention,
11, 26 (see also under names of delegates); one of the
large states, 74, 97; divided on equal vote in senate, 96;
demanded blacks be counted equally with whites, 102;
voted against census of free inhabitants, 103; voted for
census of three-fifths of slaves, 103; voted against com-
promise on representation, 105; favored slave trade, 149,
150; voted for power to construct canals, 189; referred to,
13, 117, 153.
Gerry, Elbridge, of Massachusetts, delegate to federal con-
vention, 32; favored election of members of congress by
state legislatures, 75; opposed popular ratification of
Constitution, 80, 121, 180; supported a strong national
|