A SUMMER TOUR ALONG THE SILVER STREAK. A Series of Papers descriptive of Seaside Resorts on the English and French Coasts. NOTICE. A NEW SERIAL STORY was commenced in the June Monthly Part of ALL THE YEAR ROUND. Also an interesting and valuable Series of HISTORICAL PAPERS, entitled, CHRONICLES OF ENGLISH COUNTIES, The Series will be continued, and form a complete List of the English Counties. ALL THE YEAR ROUND is sold at all Railway Bookstalls and by all Booksellers. Subscribers' Copies can be forwarded direct from the Office, 26, Wellington Street, Strand, London. Terms for Subscription and Postage: WEEKLY NUMBER, 10s. 10d. for the Year; MONTHLY PARTS, 12s. 7d. Post-Office Orders should be made payable to MR. HENRY WALker. Printed by JCHN C. FRANCIS, Atheneum Press. Took's Court, Chancery Lane, E.C.; and Published by the said WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of Price, &c., of every book to be sent direct to the person by whom it is required, whose name and address are given for that purpose: Vols. V. and VIII., " Archeologia," of the Society of Antiquaries. Wm. Jones, F.S.A., 2, Essex Villas, Pittville, Cheltenham. MR. L. HERRMAN'S Fine-Art Gallery, 60, Great Russell Street, opposite British Museum, formerly established 92, Great Russell Street. A Gallery of Fine Works of Art, embracing Pictures of the Italian, German, Dutch, and French Schools, always on View, and also many interesting examples by deceased British Artists. Gentlemen desiring their Collection of Pictures Cleaned, Restored, Relined, or Framed, will find this establishment offering work esteemed for its durability and artistic quality. Picture restoration and cleaning is treated with the best judgment and the highest skill; oil paintings and drawings framed after the most beautiful models of Italian, French, and English carved work. Catalogues arranged and Collections valued. WANTED, SERVICES of OLD CHINA Derby, Worcester, Chelsea, Sèvres, &c. Wedgwood's Miniatures and Enamels.-JOHN MORTLOCK & CO., Oxford Street and Orchard Street, London, W. "Spectacles can only be perfectly adjusted by those having a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the eye combined with optical experience." WE have the highest medical authorities confirmed by daily experience that imperfect glasses, together with the haphazard plan of selection generally employed by the mere vendors, is the cause of most cases of blindness and defective vision. Sir Julius Benedict writes:-"I have tried the principal opticians in London without success, but the spectacles you have adapted suit admirably. The clearness of your glasses as compared with others is really surprising." The Rev. Professor W. A. Hales, M.A., Cantab., 2, Minford Gardens, West Kensington Park, W., writes:-"The spectacles are perfect, and a most decided boon. I had occasion on Monday to write to Lord and took the opportunity to mention your name, and the wonderful power of your spectacles." Dr. Bird, Chelmsford, writes:-"I could not have believed it possible that my sight could have been so much improved and relieved at my age (82). I can now read the smallest type, although suffering from cataract on the right eye." Testimonials from Earl and Countess Lindsay; F. D. Dixon-Hartland, Esq., M.P.; the Venerable Archdeacon Palmer, Clifton; Rev. Mother Abbess, St. Mary's Abbey, Mill Hill, Hendon, &c. {With Index, price 10d. Registered as a Newspaper. CATALOGUES GRATIS, containing an un usually fine Collection of Books of Prints-First and Early Editions of Rare Works-fine Editions of Shakespeare, Mrs. Jameson, Dickens, Thackeray, La Fontaine-and several Thousand well-bound Volumes of Voyages, Travels, Memoirs, Histories, and popular Works of Fiction, &c., all in fine condition and mostly selected from good old English Libraries.-Forwarded post free on application to JAMES ROCHE, 1, Southampton Row, London. BOOKS (Second Hand, Miscellaneous), RE MAINDERS, &c.-C. HERBERT, English and Foreign Bookseller, 60, Goswell Road, London, E. C. CATALOGUE free on receipt of Two Stamps. Libraries, Old Books, and Parchment Purchased. INKS. SOLD BY ALL STATIONERS. PRIZE MEDAL, SYDNEY, 1879, “FIRST AWARD." THURSTON'S BILLIARD TABLES 16, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND, LONDON. F. & C. OSLER, MR. HENRY LAURANCE, F.S.S., Oculist Optician, 39, OLD ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL contains no lead, BOND STREET, W. (late 3, Endsleigh Gardens), personally adapts his Improved Spectacles daily (Saturdays excepted), from 10 to 5 o'clock. Special arrangements are made for invalids and others unable to wait on Mr. Laurance. Pamphlets-"Spectacles, their Use and Abuse"-post free. CITY BRANCH-6, POULTRY, CHEAPSIDE. 6TH S, No, 187. mineral, or poisonous ingredients, and can now also be had in a golden colour, which is specially recommended for fair and goldenhaired children and persons. Sizes, 3s. 6d., 78., 10s. 6d., equal to four small, and 21s. Great care must be taken to avoid spurious and worthless imitations, and to ask for Rowlands' Macassar Oil. Sold everywhere. NOTICE. NOTES AND QUERIES. The Volume JANUARY to JUNE, 1883, With the Index, Price 10s. 6d., will shortly be ready. Cases for Binding, price 1s. 3d. post free. JOHN C. FRANCIS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Select Modern Library of a Gentleman, removed from a Provincia! Town, and other Properties. MESSRS. HODGSON will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, August 1, and Two Following Days, at 1 o'clock, MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, including the select MODERN LIBRARY of a GENTLEMAN: comprising Shakespeare, second impression, and 2 coples of the fourth impression-Halle's Chronicle. R. Grafton, 1550-Hutchins's Dorset, 2 vols.-Pickering's Reprints of the Common Prayer, 6 vols.Roberts's Holy Land, 2 vols.-Hamerton's Etching and Graphic Arts, 2 vols-Hall's Baronial Halls, 2 vols., large paper-Modern Dictionaries by Latham, Richardson, Webster, Worcester, &c. - French's Antiquities at Ironmongers' Hall-Bayley's Tower of London, 2 vols. -Stackhouse's Pagan Britain-Tuer's Bartolozzi, 2 vols., large paperButler's Hudibras, 3 vols.-Smith's Old Authors, 16 vols.-Percy's Folio MS., 4 vols. Quérard, Supercheries Littéraires, 3 vols.Damoustier, Mythologie, 3 vols., large paper-Boccaccio, Decamerone, 3 vols., large paper-Manx Society Publications, 11 vols.- Hakluyt Society, 11 vols. Shakespeare Society, 47 vols. New Shakspere Society, 31 parts-Ballad Society, 21 parts-English Dialect Society, 38 parts, and Reprints of the Old Dramatists-Historical Works of Macaulay, Alison, Lingard, Molesworth, &c.-Copies of Metcalfe's Visitations of Worcester, Berkshire, Lincoln, and Suffolk. To be viewed, and Catalogues had. BIRKBECK BANK, Established 1851. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Current Accounts opened according to the usual practice of other Bankers, and Interest allowed when not drawn below £25. The Bank also receives Money on Deposit at Three per Cent. Interest, repayable on demand. The Bank undertakes the custody of Deeds, Writings, and other Securities and Valuables; the collection of Bills of Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons; and the purchase and sale of Stocks and Shares. Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. This day is published, New Edition, Enlarged, LAMBETH PALACE AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS. By J. CAVE-BROWNE, M.A., Vicar of Detling, Kent, and for many years Curate of Lambeth Parish Church. With an Introduction by the late ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY. Second Edition, containing an Additional Chapter on MEDIEVAL LIFE IN THE OLD PALACES. 8vo. with Illuminated Frontispiece and other Illustrations, 218. Some Opinions of the Press. "Mr. Cave-Browne has succeeded in throwing a mellow yet varied light over the picturesque old pile that will make it stand out in the memory as it used to do in the landscape."-Times. Mr. Cave-Browne's is one of those books which reverent Anglicans and antiquarians, and others who may be neither, but who yet find profit and pleasure in indulging the historical sense, will gladly give a place to on their shelves."-Spectator. "We sincerely hope that his delightful book may find its way to that general reader' for whose service it is peculiarly adapted" English Churchman, "Lambeth Palace' is one of the most interesting books of its class which have made their appearance in recent years."-Daily News. "The task undertaken has certainly been admirably accomplished. and the history of Lambeth Palace and the description of its treasures, as here presented, is most interesting."-Rock. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. No extra charge for time given. Illustrated Priced Catalogue, with full particulars of Terms, post free. F. MOEDER, 248, 249, 250, Tottenham Court Road; and 19, 20, and 31, Morwell Street, W. Established 1862. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. Notable Facts.-Summer heats augment the annoyances of skin disease, and encourage the development of febrile disorders, wherefore they should, as they may, be removed by these detergent and purifying preparations. In stomach complaints, liver affections, pains and spasms of the bowels, Holloway's unguent well rubbed over the affected part immediately gives the greatest ease, prevents congestion and inflammation, checks the threatening diarrhoea, and averts incipient cholera. The poorer inhabitants of large cities will And these remedies to be their best friend when any pestilence rages, or when from unknown causes eruptions, boils, or abscesses betoken the presence of taints or impurities within the system, and call for pstant and effective curative medicines, Moderate Rates of Premium, Liberal Scale of Annuities, Loans Granted upon Security of Freehold, Copyhold, and Leasehold Pro perty, Life Interests and Reversions, also to Corporate and other Public Bodies upon Security of Rates, &c. JOSEPH ALLEN, Secretary, LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1883. ance in this valley as to be a distinguishing feature. Place-names with the Celtic coll, or the Saxon CONTENTS.- N° 187. haesel, are very rarely found. Had copses or NOTES:-Derivation of Calder, 61-Norwich in Time of shaws of hazel-trees flourished to such an extent Stephen, 62-Exhibited Portraits, 63-Number of Ancestors as to give a name to the river, their former exist-Smoking Rooms-Buckenham Pedigree, 65-New Way of ence would still be traceable in the abiding telling Time-Assassin-Bold-Deity for Sale-Crowflower nomenclature of the country through which the -Peers' Titles-Why as a Surname, 66. Calder runs its course. To these conjectures of QUERIES:-"A right mitre supper"-Villikins-Arundel- the derivation of Calder I venture to add another, "A_Robinson" - Mrs. Serres, 67-23rd Royal Welsh viz., from two Celtic words, caoill, a wood, and Voltaire-"Pynson" Volume-Sir Walter Tirell's Burial-dur, water, the river winding through the woods. Fusileers-Velocemen - Lady Grace Edham-Verses by place White Pigeons-Heraldic, 68- Paul HerringAccociation Club-Authors Wanted, 69. REPLIES:-St. Médard-Cecil Family, 69-Name of Inn, 71 -" Sir Hornbook "-Effer or Effet, 72-Barry the Clown Westminster School-Pronunciation of Whole-Cowper's Pew, 73-" Golden Grove"-Brass Token-Smallest Parish Church-River Name Isis - Caterways - Bungay-French Words in South Devon, 74-Russell Worsted - Cross on Loaves-Armiger Family-Lombardy Poplars "The Calling of a Gentleman," 75-Etymology of Lymington-Decipherer to the King, 76-Gambetta-Quarterings-Salisbury Street, Strand, 77-Antiquity of "Kriegsspiel" - Standing at Prayers-Cromwell and Russell-" Divine Breathings," 78 Ducking a Scold-Burreth-Authors Wanted, 79. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Bugge's "Northern Mythology Sawyer's "Sussex Folk-lore"-Caxton's "Chesse-Playe A great deal may be brought forward in support of Whitaker's suggestion. The Danes unquestionably won and maintained a lasting hold on the hills overlooking the Calder. As soon as this mountain-born stream assumes the dignity and proportions of a river at Todmorden, it washes on the one hand Langfield, the Long Range of Hills, and on the other Stansfield, the Stony Range, whilst a few miles lower down it flows at the foot of Norland, the Northland-all Danish, or more correctly Scandinavian, terms. Then, on the slopes rising from the south banks, we have Sowerby and Fixby, two ancient "by's," where families of predatory Danes took up their abode. Other nomenclature traces of the same nation, of "New Facts relating to the Chatterton Family "-"The the great Canute himself possibly, might be men Annual Register." Notices to Correspondents. Notes. DERIVATION OF CALDER IN YORKSHIRE. The derivation of this word has continued to be a matter of controversy ever since antiquaries have written on the subject. The Calder, one of the most beautiful of northern rivers, rises near Cliviger Dene, in Lancashire, and enters the county of York through a wild gorge at Todmorden. The valley along which it winds its irregular way is very lovely and romantic, and associated with no little poetic legend and romance. The Rev. Thomas Wright, who published a work on the antiquities of the parish of Halifax, where he was curate for more than seventeen years, noticing the Calder, stated that the spring is called Cal or Col, and is joined by the river Dar. This is a purely fanciful supposition, and, I believe, not borne out by facts. Another historian surmised that the original Celtic name was Dur, and that the Saxons on settling here added the adjective ceald, or cold. But this is very improbable, the river in question being no colder than any other. Dr. Whitaker suggested a Danish derivation, Kaldur. An able writer in a recent work on Yorkshire gives the derivation from two Celtic words, coll, the hazel-tree, and dur, water. There is nothing to be urged against this except the fact that hazel-trees never grew in such abund tioned in favour of the argument on this side of the question; though (I write from memory) I believe Dr. Whitaker himself did not point out the surrounding Danish indications I have here advanced. But more, I think, can be urged in support of the derivation from the Celtic caoill and dur. That Celts, the Brigantian clan, lived in this locality, is a certainty, the proofs of which need not be here adduced. The Calder beck so soon as it issues from the spring in Cliviger Dene flows by a long stretching sweep of woodland, and further on among the hills of Yorkshire, a broader and a nobler stream, pursues its course for miles and miles through dense primæval forests, among which may be noticed the once famous forest of Hardwick. Its precipitous banks were clothed with no mere hazel coppice, but with vast masses of the more majestic oak and ash and birch, woodland in its wilder and more imposing form. Even to-day, though most of the primæval forest has been cut down and manufacturing villages have sprung up on the ancient sylvan sites, the tourist starting above Todmorden would not, in a walk of thirty miles by the river side, be able to lose sight of the picturesque and farstretching belts of woodland scenery. It is yet emphatically the Caoill-dur, the water winding through the woods. Of course in this case the Saxons took up the word as they found it in use among the conquered Celts. Then, to strengthen this conjecture, the very first tributary brook on the north—of size and importance, at least, to give a name to the valley-joining the parent stream is the Colden or Caldene, which probably is the Caoill-dene, the woodland valley. The reader will judge how accurately the word describes this lonely mountain glen when he is told that at a distance the eye can scarcely catch a flash of the waters of this stream as they hurry down this wild sylvan region, so thickly is it overshadowed by a forest of ash and birch. A topographical word derived from two languages is rare in this part, and when we come across one it is generally a Saxon grafted on the more primitive Celtic name of mountain or river. Colden or Caldene is probably an instance to the point. That caoill was contracted to, or commonly pronounced cal may be pretty safely supposed when we know that in the Latinized form or transformation it became cal, as in Caledonii-that is, Caoill daoin, the people inhabiting the woods. The reader will perceive that caoill is evidently closely akin to the Greek kalov, which also signifies a wood. Some authorities derive Celt from the same root, that is, the people inhabiting the woods. It is only fair to state that traces of Celtic nomenclature in the neighbourhood through which the Calder runs are scarce, a subject I treat more fully elsewhere. F. "Hugh Bigod came to his castle here and refused to render it up to any but the king only: the bottom of it was, he found that William de Blois, natural son to King Stephen (1), was about supplanting him, and getting the castle for himself; so that instead of being able to carry the point for the citizens, he could not long hold out his own: for under pretence of Hugh's holding it in this manner, he [i.e., Stephen] seized the castle and all that belonged to it, and all the liberties of the city from the citizens, and then took them into his own hands; and soon after he granted to his natural son William for an appennage or increase of inheritance, the town and borough of the city of Norwich (2).” For all this story about William de Blois he gives us only two references, viz., (1) Camden, fo. 387, and (2) Dugdale, Bar., vol. i. p. 75; (Gurdon's) Essay, p. 22 (the latter being little more than a repetition of Camden). But for his statement about the petition for a new charter he gives no authority at all, nor can I find any. The facts of Stephen's illness and reported death, and of Hugh's taking possession of the castle and refusing to give it up to any one but the king himself, we know from Henry of Huntingdon ; but of all the rest of the story this author says not word, nor does either of the writers to whom Blomefield refers. The name of William of Blois does not appear in the passage quoted afterwards from Camden; and as for Dugdale, he distinctly states that the town and castle of Norwich were granted to William by the treaty made between Stephen and Henry FitzEmpress, i.e., in 1153, which can hardly be called "soon after" the revolt of Hugh Bigod in 1136. (The grant "appears," as Camden says, "in the public records," i. e., in the copy of the treaty itself, which may be seen in Rymer, i. 18.)* But whatever may have been the exact nature of William's connexion with Norwich in 1153, he certainly can have had nothing to do with Hugh's proceedings there in 1136, for the way in which he is mentioned by all the contemporary historians shows that he was not what Dugdale (following Matthew Paris) calls him, but the second (or third) son of Stephen and his queen Matilda, and consequently must in 1136 have been a mere child. The story of the grant of the city and castle to William of Blois is followed by a detailed account of the number of citizens, revenues of the city, &c., all apparently copied either direct from Camden or through the medium of Gurdon's Essay. what was Camden's authority? But The next quotation from Camden is as follows : "In the seventeenth year of King Stephen (as we read in ancient records) Norwich was built anew, and was populous for a village, and was records" here referred to? Blomefield is not conmade a corporation?" What are the "ancient tent with this bare statement of Camden, but with the king, the citizens were restored to all adds, "In 1152, by his [i. e., Hugh Bigod's] interest their liberties, and had a new charter granted them; but I imagine they had no enlargement of privileges, for they were now governed by a provost, as heretofore"; and that their provost paying the yearly fee-farm to the king, they peaceably enjoyed all their liberties to his death." Again I ask, What is the authority for all this? One error in Blomefield's account of Norwich under this king remains to be noticed. His story of the restoration of the liberties of the city in 1141 rests solely on the authority of what he, in common with all antiquaries of his day, calls the Pipe Roll of 5 Stephen, but which is now known to belong to 31 Henry I. We must not blame him for this mistake as to the date of the Pipe Roll; but he has totally misunderstood the meaning of the entry to which he refers, and which runs as follows: "Et idem Vicecomes reddit compotum *The expression in Rymer is castra et villas, which seems a strange way of describing the castle and city. Why is the plural used instead of the singular? |