submitted to him by Bartolomeo Mosca, ambassador of the Emperor of Germany; its importance is extreme, as illustrating the policy of the duke and his attitude towards Sigismund. The Turin-Asti papers, amounting to upwards of thirty, and printed on the same principle as those we have just been enumerating, have supplied, inter alia, M. Faucon with the marriage contract between Valentina Visconti and Louis, who was then Duke of Touraine. This document, drawn up on the 27th of January, 1386, was confirmed only December 20, 1387. From what we have said our readers will observe that the work noticed here is really a calendar of materials rather than a history properly so called. By The Poetry and Humour of the Scottish Language. Charles Mackay, LL.D. (Paisley, Gardner.) WE are sorry to be unable to commend this very amusing and, in a certain way, instructive book. It is, however, manifestly impossible to do so. The very first page contains the startling paradox that the tongue spoken in Scotland is not a dialect of English, but the Scottish language." When this was contended for in the beginning of the century, the true method of studying language was unknown; guesses, if they were but clever, passed for reasons. Now we know the true method of work, and it is simply grotesque error to call the Scottish folk-speech a language, unless we mean something different by the word from the interpretation that is in ordinary persons' minds. If by language Dr. Mackay means a dialect only, and is prepared to talk of the language of Lancashire or of Kent, we have nothing to say, except that he strangely misuses words. If he means that the northern English spoken over the Border is or ever has been a separate tongue from that on the southern side, he is manifestly in error. We apprehend that Dr. Mackay is a Gaelic scholar. He has given us many derivations of words from that tongue which to our unenlightened minds are of purely Teutonic origin. The derivation of words is no easy matter. They are not among the wisest of men who use it as a pastime such as guessing riddles was to our forefathers. Though we do not accept many of Dr. Mackay's derivations, we are bound to say that he has given us many interesting quotations and anecdotes illustrative of the meaning and history of the words he has had occasion to notice. The part of the book which is a select glossary is in most places very amusing, and few can read it through without gaining some new knowledge. Dr. Mackay seems to be under the impression that peel, in the sense of a tower, is a word confined to the Borders. This is an error; we have traced it into South Yorkshire, and believe that it occurs much further from Scotland than that. Skelp, too, is good eastern counties English. We assure our readers that the good wives of Holderness and Lindsey much oftener skelp their bairns than they smack, slap, beat, or thrash them. Parish Institutions of Maryland, with Illustrations from Parish Records. By Edward Ingle, A.B. Part VI. of Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. (Baltimore, published by the University; London, Trübner & Co.) THE sample which has reached us of the "Johns Hopkins University Studies" is one likely to be read with interest on both sides of the Atlantic. The parish is a microcosm in the New World as in the Old, and in both cases it is beginning to receive the attention which it deserves, and to draw forth the descriptive powers of the rising generation of historical students. The picture which Mr. Ingle paints for us of olden Maryland is, mutatis mutandis, very like what would be the picture of many an eighteenth century English country parish. The Maryland churches were generally, indeed, very humble structures, but they had a reading-desk, or "pew," and "a place for the clark to sit in." And the worshippers had "high-backed "pews, with seats around three sides, which sometimes had doors, "locked against intruders -so great in America, as in England, was the eighteenth century fear of Lazarus as an "intruder upon the prayers of Dives! Even the nineteenth century has, perhaps, something still to learn. The extracts which Mr. Ingle prints from the parochial records of Prince George's, All Saints, St. John's, and other parishes in the province, contain many curious details of life and manners in old Maryland days. We sincerely echo Mr. Ingle's hope that their publication may excite sufficient interest to promote a general movement towards the printing of such records. In the meanwhile we thank him and his university for the Purish Institutions of Maryland. Tho Journal of the Derbyshire Archæological_and_Natural History Society. Vol. V. (Bemrose & Sons.) THERE is always plenty of interesting matter to be found in the annual volume of this Society, and the number just issued is no exception to the general rule. Mr. J. C. Cox, the well-known Derbyshire antiquary, contributes "Notes on the Rectors of Staveley," and a paper on the "Ancient Documents relating to the Tithes in the Peak." Mr. George Bailey has written another interesting article on the "Stained Glass at Norbury Manor House." coloured plates which accompany Mr. Bailey's article we cannot praise too highly, and we hope his suggestion that all heraldic glass should be carefully copied and preserved, for the benefit of succeeding genealogists, will meet with the attention that it deserves. We are glad to learn from the report that the Society has not this year been called upon to protest against any acts of vandalism in the county, and we heartily congratulate it upon the good work it has already done in the interest of archæology. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. C. L. W.-To our thinking Prendergast is a name of local origin; however, Mr. Ferguson (Surnames as a Science, p. 114) takes the opposite view. He says: "The most common phonetic intrusion is the r, and one of the ways in which it most frequently occurs is exhibited in the following group of names: Prendgast, Prendegast, Prendergast, Prendergrass. Prendgast is, I take it, an ancient compound, from the stem bend [A.-S. band, bend, crown, chaplet] (p. 44), with gast, hospes. It first takes a medial vowel between the two words of the compound and becomes Pend-e-gast. Then e naturally becomes er, passing the very slight barrier which English pronunciation affords, and the name having become Pendergast finds the need of a second to balance the first and becomes Prendergast." NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. Sold by all Dealers throughout the World. Every SATURDAY, of any Bookseller or News-agent, ENGLISH and FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, the FINE ARTS, MUSIC, THE ATHENÆUM CONTAINS REVIEWS of every important New Book, English AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS of Scientific Voyages CRITICISMS on Art, Music, and the Drama. 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