The subject is the tiger. The predicate is has by the law of the jungle no right to change his quarters without fair warning. The predicate verb is has; it is completed by the direct object no right to change his quarters without fair warning, and then modified by the prepositional phrase by the law of the jungle. The base word of the object is the noun right; it is modified by the infinitive phrase to change his quarters without fair warning, and then denied by the adjective no. The base word of the infinitive phrase is the infinitive to change; it is completed by the direct object his quarters and modified by the prepositional phrase without fair warning. The base word of the object is the noun quarters, modified by the possessive pronoun his. The base word of the object of the preposition without is the infinitive warning, which is modified by the adjective fair. The base word of the object of the preposition by is the noun law, which is modified by the prepositional phrase of the jungle and the article the. Exercise. Analyze the following sentences: 1. Turning grindstones to grind scythes is one of those heroic but unobtrusive occupations for which one gets no credit. 2. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3. When Kotick felt his skin tingle all over, his mother told him he was learning the feel of the water. 4. Mother made and embroidered a white linen pocket for me to wear at my belt. 5. The neighbors and friends did not wait for an invitation to go to the house of the young wife, so impatient were they to see her treasures. 6. The Boy had no desire to investigate further, with the risk of finding the lynx at home. 7. It seems hard any day to think what to have for dinner. 8. The next thing was to cord up the trunk, and Mr. Peterkin tried to move it. 9. I have seen wild bees and butterflies feeding at a height of 13,000 feet above the sea. 10. If you wear an automobile veil to pick cherries in, I must get an automobile to take you to the cherry trees. 11. No person but yourself is permitted to lift this stone or enter the cave. 12. Very sweet were the child's ways of loving her father, putting flowers on his study table, learning to read so that she could read his books, reaching up to rub her cheek against his, praying for him, and letting him put her to bed. 13. The Oldest Inhabitant refused to go to bed on any terms, but persisted in sitting up in a rocking-chair until daybreak. 14. The Eskimo never knows when his own time may come to beg. 15. Fate tried to conceal him by naming him Smith. 16. The only department of life in which Mr. Randall failed to shine was the making of sufficient money to live upon. 17. He saw an eagle swoop across the gigantic hollow, but the great bird dwindled to a dot ere it was halfway over. 18. After she began wearing the bracelet, she was unwilling to go without it even for a day. 19. Hewing wood and sawing plank leave me no time to take part in disputes. 20. The one object of Polly's life was to get out of her cage. 21. The skipper had taken his little daughter to bear him company. 22. Every boy is anxious to be a man. 23. A man has no more right to say a rude thing to another than to knock him down. 24. To travel in Switzerland it is generally necessary to cross the mountains, to go around the sides, or to go through them. 25. Even the blind men's dogs appeared to know Scrooge. 26. Let dogs delight to bark and bite. 27. When a bear kills a sheep, he skins it deftly and has the politeness to leave the pelt in a neat bundle, just to indicate to the farmer that he has been robbed by a gentleman. 28. The first tracks to meet their eyes were the delicate footprints of the red squirrel. 29. It is not good to make a jest of thy teacher. 30. Angels seemed to have sat with Ernest by the fireside. 31. My joy was greater than I can express when I saw the tiger rise and slink into the jungle. LXXXVIII. PARTICIPLES 346. In Lesson LIV we learned that the perfect tenses of any verb are formed by combining certain auxiliaries with the past participles of the verb; as, "I have heard," "I had heard,” “I shall have heard." We learned also that the past participle is one of the principal parts of a verb. In Lesson LV we learned that the passive voice of any transitive verb is formed by adding its past participle to the conjugation of the verb be; as, "It is caught," "It was caught," "It will be caught." In Lesson LVI we learned that the past participle of a verb may be used like an adjective as the subjective complement of a verb; as, "The potatoes seem done," "The flowers are withered now." 347. In Lesson LVII we learned that the present participle of a verb always ends in -ing, and that this participle is used in forming the progressive conjugation, as, "I am sleeping," "I was sleeping," "I shall be sleeping.' We are ready now to study participles in all their relations. 348. Intransitive verbs have four participles: The active participles denote action performed; they make us think of the doer of the action. On the other hand, the passive participles denote action received; they make us think of the receiver of the action. * This form is rarely used. The present participle expresses action as still in progress; the past participle expresses action completed in past time; the perfect participle expresses past action completed before some particular past time. 349. The participle, like the infinitive, is a verbal, because it is a verb form without the power to assert. Just as an infinitive is oftenest used as a noun, so the participle is oftenest used as an adjective; that is, it is usually associated with some noun. Indeed, it is by their adjective use that we are able to distinguish participles from infinitives in -ing, for in form they are almost exactly the same. What nouns do the participles belong with in the following sentences? I hear the sound of trickling water. The diamonds sparkling in her dark hair rivaled the stars. The chair made two hundred years ago tilted one forward very uncomfortably. 350. The participles used oftenest are the simplest of all, the present active participle and the past passive participle. 351. A participle, like an infinitive, may have all the complements and modifiers that a verb may have; as, "The man turning the switch is faithful," "Feeling sleepy after lunch, I took a nap." The participle and all its accompanying words form together a participial phrase. Summary. A participle is a verbal that is generally used as an adjective. Participles may be active or passive or progressive in mean ing. Participles have three tenses, - present, past, and perfect. The present participle expresses continuing action, the past participle completed action, and the perfect participle past action completed before a particular time. Participles have the same complements and modifiers as verbs. A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and its complement and modifiers. Exercise 1.Form all the participles of the verbs choose, 'draw, drink, go, find, know, tell, think, turn, shine. Exercise 2. Select all the participial phrases in these sentences. Tell what noun or pronoun they belong with. Classify the participles. 1. Two children sat on the grass under the lilacs, making dandelion chains and talking happily. 2. Those three tall poles now being lifted to position will enable us to have a telephone. 3. From a little hill called Hutchinson's Hill you could look over three and a half miles of ground covered with fighting seals. 4. Having given away the old candle mold, she was anxious to get it back again. 5. Mrs. Merrithew, knowing well that little folk are generally troubled with a wonderful thirst, had also brought a cup and a bottle of lemonade. 6. The floors were bird's-eye maple, and having been lately waxed, they looked too fine for my desecrating tread. 7. The workmen, having been painting for hours on the sunny side of the house, grew faint and dizzy. 8. The boy took his seat, frowning and blinking at the candle light, while his mother, placing his coffee before him, let her hand rest on his shoulder. 9. Having passed at the turnstile into the campus, David stood before the college. 10. In one hand he carried a faded valise made of Brussels carpet sprinkled with pink roses. 11. The old peasant woman, having eaten three meals with the servants and three with the mistress, declared at evening that she was satisfied. |