emigrants. Thus was the fund made "perpetual." Many promises to pay failed to materialize, some from sheer poverty, and others from indifference and neglect. But the vast majority of those who were aided duly discharged their obligations. Five thousand dollars were subscribed to the Fund at its inception in October, 1849, and Bishop Edward Hunter was forthwith sent to the frontier to put in operation its provisions, and superintend the next season's emigration.

The same fall many Mormon Elders were sent to various parts of the world, mostly to Europe. As these were the first missionaries to go from the Rocky Mountains, the names of all became more or less historic. Among them were John Taylor, Curtis E. Bolton and John Pack, who went to France; Erastus Snow and P. O. Hansen to Denmark, John E. Forsgren to Sweden, Lorenzo Snow and Joseph Toronto to Italy, Franklin D. Richards, Joseph W. Johnson, Joseph W. Young, Job Smith, Haden W. Church, George B. Wallace and John S. Higbee to Great Britain, Charles C. Rich and Francis M. Pomeroy to Lower California, and Addison Pratt and James Brown to the Society Islands. Addison Pratt had but recently returned from a five years' mission to those islands, where twelve hundred souls had been baptized. Accompanying Apostle Rich, a party of Elders went to the California gold mines.

It may here be noted that during the prevalence of the "“gold fever" it required the exercise of all the influence that the Mormon leaders could command to prevent a rush of many of their people to the gold-diggings. Brigham Young feared that if the Church became generally infected with this spirit, it would materially retard if not put an end to the colonization of the Great Basin, as well as corrupt the morals of the community. He pleaded with his people accordingly, and prevailed. Some of them went to California, never to return, but the vast majority "listened to counsel" and remained in the Rocky Mountains. These were the men and women who made Utah. The others helped to build up California. It must not be inferred, however, that the Elders who went with Apostle Rich to

the mines did so contrary to the President's advice. Their mining was for the benefit of the Church. Some of them were soon called to leave their gold-digging and go upon a mission to the Sandwich Islands.

Brigham Young, in spite of all that has been said upon the subject, never opposed mining for its own sake, but because he foresaw the demoralizing effect that a general thirst for gold would have upon the Mormon community. This was not only the case in 1849, but in later years. It constituted the main reason for his attitude. against what he deemed the premature opening of the Utah mines.*

Among those who accompanied General Rich to California were James Flake, who was captain of the company, George Q. Cannon, Henry E. Gibson, Joseph Cain, Thomas Whittle, Henry E. Phelps, Joseph H. Rollins, Peter Fife, Peter Hoagland, William Farrer, John Dixon, Edgar Gibson, George Bankhead and William Lay. This was the first party to go to California by the southern route. They had a severe experience, but finally crossed the Sierras in safety. Major Jefferson Hunt, of the Mormon Battalion, also went west by this route about the same time, but acted as guide to a company of emigrants. The Elders called to the Sandwich Islands were Hiram Clark, George Q. Cannon, Henry W. Bigler, Hiram Blackwell, Thomas Whittle, Thomas Morris, John Dixon, James Hawkins, William Farrer and James Keeler. Some of these had preceded the Rich company to California. A Carrying Company, to freight goods from the Missouri River and convey passengers to the gold regions, was organized at Salt Lake City toward the close of 1849. The projectors and proprietors of this enterprise were Shadrach Roundy, Jedediah M. Grant, John S. Fullmer, George D. Grant and Russell Homer. The through rate for

*The General Epistle of the First Presidency and Apostles in the fall of 1849 contained this: "The true use of gold is for paving streets, covering houses, and making culinary dishes, and when the Saints shall have preached the gospel, raised grain and built up cities enough, the Lord will open the way for a supply of gold to the perfect satisfaction of His people. Until then, let them not be over-anxious, for the treasures of the earth are in the Lord's storehouse, and He will open the doors thereof when and where He pleases."

passengers to Sutter's Fort was $300; while goods were carried at the rate of $250 per ton. In either case two-thirds of the money was payable in advance, and the remainder on reaching Salt Lake City.

In November of this year Sanpete Valley was settled by a company from Salt Lake City, led by Isaac Morley, Charles Shumway and Seth Taft. Phinehas Richards was also one of the company. They formed a settlement near the present site of Manti, the location of which town was selected some time later. Manti is a name taken from the Book of Mormon. Sanpete is a variation of Sanpitch, a noted Indian chief of the Utah nation.

The first steps toward the settling of Tooele Valley were taken about the same time, though not, as in the case of Sanpete, by an organized company. John Rowberry is popularly regarded as the pioneer of Tooele County, and his name will always be the most prominent one in the early history of that locality. He went there from Salt Lake Valley in December, 1849, his object being the same as that which had taken Captain Sessions and others into Davis County two years before, namely: to find grazing lands for stock. Mr. Rowberry had charge of a herd belonging to Ezra T. Benson. Several weeks before him, however, a party of men, also in the employ of Apostle Benson, arrived on Settlement Creek, a little south of where Tooele City now stands. One of these men was Phinehas R. Wright, a mill-wright. Their purpose was to build a mill near the mouth of Settlement Creek Canyon.* It was there that John Rowberry joined them. Tooele Valley was named after the Tule, a variety of bulrush abounding in that locality. Mis-spelled Tooele by Thomas Bullock, the pioneer clerk, in a public document of that period, the orthography has since remained unchanged. Tule is a word from the Mexican.

* Francis H. Lougy, of Tooele, who was but a little boy when he went there in 1849 with his step-father Phinehas R. Wright, states that five families went together immediately on the adjournment of the October Conference. The names of the heads of these families he gives as follows: Phinehas R. Wright, Cyrus Call, Cyrus Tolman, Sam Mecham, Orson Brafett and the mother of Eli B. Kelsey. Mrs. Kelsey had no family with her at the time.