Department.

Details of the course of instruction-Continued.
FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS-LINE DIVISION-Continued.

Subjects.

Text-books.

4 Physics: Recitations in electricity and
magnetism; practical work in phys-
ical laboratory; determination of the
constants of galvanometers; testing
ammeters and voltmeters; running
dynamos and electric motors and
measuring their efficiency; experi-
ments on the electric transmission
of energy; testing cables and elec-
tric-light wires; experiments upon
induction; practice in photography
and microphotography.

Same as for the second-
class year.
Thompson's Dynamo
Electric Machinery.
Lecture Notes.

SECOND TERM.

4

Naval Construction: Definitions: his-
tory and practice of shipbuilding in
iron and steel; systems of construc-
tion, subdivision, and armoring; sys-
tems of pumping, draining, ventilat-
ing, steering, and hoisting; fittings
in general; distribution of armor,
guns, and boats; special construc-
tions; launching; types of ships;
structural strength and strains;
buoyancy and stability in the intact
and the damaged conditions; theory
and observation of waves; rolling
and pitching; principles of stowage;
resistance, propulsion, and steering
of ships; qualities of ships; construc-
tion and use of diagrams of quali-
ties; the use of qualities; steam
steering gear; steam capstan; plans
of ships and reproduction in mold
loft; finding the displacement of
ships and center of buoyancy, etc.
Ballistics: The laws of combustion of
gunpowder; velocities and pressures
in guns; rifling, effect on pressure;
the motion of projectiles in a non-
resisting medium and in air; compu-
tation and use of ballistic and range
tables; accuracy and probability of
fire; derivation of rules for correct-
ing the errors which occur in gun-
nery practice; the penetration and
effect of projectiles.

Guns: Computation of their elastic
strength and shrinkage.
Ammunition: Its description, prepa-
ration, supply, stowage, and use.
Armor: Description of; use of armor
and other protection of matériel und
personnel.

Torpedoes: Their description and use.

Special Notes and Drawings.

Navy Department Pam-
phlets.

White's Mannal of Naval
Architecture.

Interior and Exterior
Ballistics.

Accuracy and Probabil-
ity of Fire.
Ordnance Notes.

The Elastic Strength of
Guns.
Text-book of Ordnance
and Gunnery.

Department.

Details of the course of instruction-Continued.
FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS-LINE DIVISION-Continued. Y

4 Theory of the Deviation of the Com-
pass, including the nature and
causes of the several parts of devia-
tion, the determination of the ver-
tical and horizontal forces of the
earth and ship, the causes and
amount of the heeling error, the
changes that take place upon a
change of geographical position,
the graphic representations of the
amount and direction of the forces
that act on the needle, and the me-
chanical correction of the deviation
and heeling errors.
Practical Navigation.
Practical Surveying.

4 International Law: The objects,
sources, and sanctions of interna-
tional law; the laws of war, embargo,
reprisal, and retorsion; blockade;
contraband of war; right of search;
ship's papers and nationality; prizes;
privateering; piracy; the rights and
duties of neutrals; jurisdiction over
vessels at sea and in territorial
waters; fugitives and deserters;
licenses to trade; recaptures.
Military Law: Courts of inquiry; gen-
eral and summary courts-martial.
General description of the human
body and its functions; the arrest
of hemorrhage; resuscitation from
drowning; alcoholic drinks, tobacco,
and other narcotics. (Lectures and
practical instruction Fridays, 7.30
to 9.50 p. m., additional.)

Admiralty Manual for the Deviations of the Compass.

Diehl's Practical Problems and the Compensation of the Compass in the United States Navy.*

Snow's
Law.
United States Navy Reg
ulations.
Lauchheimer's Forms of
Procedure.

International

Blaisdell's Practical
Physiology.

The cadets of the Engineer Division also take the course in military law.

FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS-ENGINEER DIVISION.

FIRST TERM.

Steam engineer- 10

ing.

neering.

4 Marine Engines: Horsepower, nomi- Seaton's Marine Engi
nal and indicated, and the efficiency
of the engine; resistance of ships
and indicated horsepower necessary
for speed; space occupied by, and
general description of, modern ma-
Fine machinery; engines, simple
and compound; expansion of steam,
mean pressure, etc., piston speed,
stroke of piston, revolutions, size of
cylinder, cylinder fittings, etc.; the
piston, piston rod, connecting rod;
shafting, cranks, and crank shafts,
etc.; foundations, bedplates, col-
umns, guides, and framing; the con-
denser, pumps; valves and valve
gear; valve diagrams, etc.; propel-
fers: sea cocks and valves; fitting
in of machinery, starting and re-
versing of engines; materials used
by the marine engineer.

Details of the course of instruction.—Continued.

FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS-ENGINEER DIVISION-Continued.

4 Metals: Their properties and treat- Metals, by A. K. Huntment.

Seamanship

Details of the course of instrnction-Continued.
FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS-ENGINEER DIVISION-Continued.

V. THE MARKING SYSTEM AT THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY. Each naval cadet is called upon for recitation as often as possible and a mark is given by the instructor of his section in proportion to the cadet's knowledge and manner of exposition. At the end of each week the marks are publicly posted, so that each student knows how his work has been rated and how his standing compares with that of other students of his class. At the end of each year merit rolls are made out for each class separately, showing the proficiency of each cadet in each branch of study. A numerical coefficient is assigned to each study, likewise, in the order of its value in a naval training. The mark of the cadet in each study on a scale of 4.0 (= perfect), 2.5 (= tolerable), 0 (= total failure) is multiplied by the coefficient for that study and the product is his aggregate of credit for that particular study. For example, in the fourth class the coefficient for mathematics, for English, and for languages is 5. The maximum possible mark for recitation is 4.0 (= perfect). The maximum credit to the fourth-class cadet is, therefore, 20 for mathematics, 20 for English, 20 for languages. If his "conduct" is perfect his mark will have been 4.0, the corresponding coefficient is 3, and his aggregate merit 12. If his "efficiency" is perfect his mark (4.0) will be multiplied by the corresponding coefficient (1), and his

aggregate merit 4. If such a cadet has been perfect in all his work he can attain a maximum merit of 76 therefore; (20+20 +20 + 12 + 4).

A final merit roll is made up at the end of the four years of academic work on this principle, and the standing of graduating class is determined by a simple numerical rule. To stimulate ambition the names of cadets who attain 85 per cent of the maximum in any year are printed with a star affixed to their names on the merit rolls of the Annual Registers, and the diplomas of cadets whose final marks on the graduating merit roll are not less than 85 per cent of the maximum read, "Passed with distinction;" those whose final marks are between 74 per cent and 85 per cent of the maximum read, "Passed with credit," and those whose final marks are between 624 per cent and 74 per cent of the maximum read, "Passed." The table of adapted numerical coefficients, or of relative weights, of the various studies is instructive, but it is too long to be here given in full. Seamanship in the second class year has a weight (a coefficient) of 3, while in the first class year it has a weight of 15. More is expected of the first class man. Ordnance and gunnery has a weight of 15; physics (in the second class) a weight of 10, and so on. Conduct has a weight of 3 for the fourth class, 5 for the third class, 7 for the second class, 8 for the first class. Efficiency has a weight of 1 for the fourth, 3 for the third, 7 for the second, 8 for the first class. Here, again, more is expected from the upper class men.

The following table shows the maximum credit that can be attained in each department of study by cadets fitting for line officers and for engineers, respectively: