[With a VIEW of LOCH-LOMOND-Reprefentation of a Monument erected to the Memory of EDWARD I.-and a NEW SONG. Thermometer A STATE of the BAROMETER in inches and deci- at Noon, taken mals, and of Farenheit's THERMOMETER, in the open at Highgate air, fhaded from the fun's rays, taken between twelve near London. and three o'clock afternoon, and the quantity of Rain- June water fallen, in inches and decimals, from the 29th of June to the 30th of July 1785, near the foot of Arthur's Seat. Days. Ther. Barom. 61 24 73 25 65 26 79 27 80 28 77 78 FOR JULY, 17850 3 VIEWS IN SCOTLAND. Number Sixth. L OCH-LOMOND, the most extenfive and the most beautiful lake in Great Britain. It is 24 miles in length, and in fome places about fix or seven miles in breadth; difplaying above zo green islands covered with wood, fome of them covered with corn, and many of them flocked with red deer. They belong to different gentlemen, whofe feats are scattered along the banks of the lake, which are agreeably romantic beyond all conception. The mountains on the weft fide of the Loch are cloathed near the bottom with woods of oak quite to the water edge; their fummits lofty and craggy. On the eaft fide they are equally high; but the tops form a more even ridge parallel to the lake, except where Ben-Lomond, in height 3240 feet, like Saul amidst his companions, overtops the reft. At the head or northern extremity of the Lake, the hills are high, black, and rugged; but towards the fouth they fink gradually into small hills; and the land is highly cultivated, well planted, and well inhabited. Retrospective View of Indian Affairs. IN giving a detail of those transac tions in India, the accounts of which have arrived in this country fince the commencement of our publication, it will be neceffary to review fome events preceding that period, and alfo to mark the different lines of conduct which men of different fentiments feem to think most suited to the policy of the Company. With out this the tranfactions themselves cannot well be understood. The fyftem of a trading company ought naturally to be a fyftem of peace: yet war, in all its forms, and to a very great height, has now, for a confiderable number of years, whether from the unavoidable courfe of events, or from a mistaken policy, been the almoft conftant lot of the Eaft-India Company. At prefent, indeed, there feems to be a calm. Of how long duration it may be, no foon be forgotten, which fhook our power in India to its very bafis, and forced that nation to ftruggle for exiftence which had formerly marched only to conqueft. This war, its motives, the manner in which it was conducted, every thing, in fhort, connected with it, were repeatedly and decidedly condemned by the Court of Directors, and perfifted in with equal obstinacy by the fervants of the Company. Whether their merit can compenfate for their difobedience, we leave undetermined, as we mean only to ftate facts. The cry of one part of the nation was loud against Mr Haftings. In parliament he was condemned by the general voice; he was called a madman" by Mr Dundas; and a motion to recal him was made by the fame gentleman, to which the Houfe of Commons gave their fanetion. At last the bill of Mr Fox appeared, which held out a remedy to all the grievances of India, but which seemed in the end to be thought worfe than the difeafe. The affairs of India could not, however, be difmiffed with the difmiffion of this bill. Another measure was adopted by parliament, of the effects of which we cannot yet pretend to judge. The opinion of Parliament, in the mean time, as well as of the nation, with regard to Mr Haftings, feemed every day to be growing more favourable. That Gen tleman had at laft accomplished a peace, by relinquishing every thing for which the war had been original ly begun, and abandoning the caufe of thofe men in defence of whofe claims he had drawn the fword. Peace was cheaply purchafed, upon whatever conditions, and whatever conceffions might be made. The nation thought fo; and the author of the war was forgotten when we beheld the author of the peace. The only men almost in the kingdom whom this oblivion did not feize, were the old Rockingham party, and their numerous adherents. They ac cordingly continue in their former fentiments to this hour. These things being premised, we proceed now to the detail of thofe accounts; which have arrived fince the commencement of our Magazine. The first of thefe is Mr Haftings' letter from Lucknow, dated April 30. 1784. In this letter we find the exhaufted fituation of the province of Oude, by the failure of the periodical rains for a whole fea for, and the alarming condition to which it was faid to have been redu ced, fully confirmed. The reliance of Mr Haftings, however, on the gratitude and unbounded confidence of the Nabob (to whom, if this be the cafe, Mr Haftings must have been an undoubted, though concealed, benefactor) is fuch, that even under this difadvantage he promises himself fuccefs " equal to any expectations which may be formed, however fanguine," provided he is not counteracted by orders that he cannot refift. Several accounts of payments by the Nabob are alfo tranfmitted, with other things needlefs to be enumerated. But there is one circumftance of fuch importance that it cannot be paffed over. While Mr Haftings was at Lucknow. the eldest fon of the king of Dehli, fo the Great Mogul is now called, fled from his father's capital to Lucknow. His defcription of his own wretched fituation, and the miserable condition of his father, is pathetic in a high degree, and cannot fail to imprefs the mind of every man who refects, that, even according to the account of Mr Haftings, the Emperor of Hindoftan, the fovereign to whom the Eaft-India Company are tributaries and fubjects, is deftitute of the neceffaries of life, and that his fon" had fcarce a change of raiment for his own ufe!" The prince spoke fomething of a war; but Mr Haftings prudently declined it. A fubfequent letter of Mr Ha FOR JULY, Aings to the Court of Directors, is dated Benares, Oct. 1. 1784, as well as in the former letter, Mr Haftings continues confident of the good intentions of the Nabob Vizier. The utmoft tranquillity, too, he says, prevails in every part of the Nabob's dominions. And he affigns a very good reafon ;" the univerfal conviction of a power and a disposition actually exifting; the one equal to the fuppreffion of any movement of fedition, and the other determined to the punishment of it." He alfo intimates to the Court of Directors, that he had affured the Nabob of their ratifying and confirming whatever he (Mr Haftings) had eftablished betwixt the Nabob and the Company:And finally informs them, that he had provided in one year for the complete difcharge of a debt accumulated in many; and that too from a country "whofe refources had been waited and diffipated by three fucceffive years of drought, and bne of anarchy." This letter concludes with a com. pliment to Mr David Anderfon, which, as its juftice will be acknowledged by all parties, we infert with the highest pleasure. "Whatever may be the event of this transaction, I cannot conclude the report of it, without teftifying my acknowledgment of the very useful affiftance which I have received from the skill and abilities of Mr David Anderfon. His reputation, which 1785. has been established on the merit of much more important fervices, will receive little addition from this tribute paid to it; yet the circumftan. ces under which they were yielded on this occafion, would not allow me to fupprefs it, as he had formed the refolution of refigning the service for the recovery of a very declining health, and had actually bespoke his paffage in one of your home-ward bound fhips, when his friendship and public zeal induced him to remain at my folicitation, and to accompany me on this deputation. As I have occafionally mentioned the number of gentlemen who compofed my family, I have a pride and a pleafure in adding, that they all contributed, by the correctness of their manners and con ciliating behaviour, to maintain that familiar and cordial intercourfe which I have already defcribed to have subfifted between the Nabob and myself, and to leave a lasting and favourable impreffion of the British character with his fubjects." Mr Haftings himself has lately arrived in Britain. A parliamentary inquiry into his conduct has been propofed by Mr Burke. This, however, cannot be expected in the course of the prefent feffion, already borne down by the weight of business. From this inquiry, when it is inftituted, we may, perhaps, at length difcover, whether Mr Haftings has been the fcourge, as some say, or the faviour of India. Some fhort Account of the Caves on the Elephanta Island, near Bombay; by Lieutenant-Colonel BARRY. IN N feveral parts of the coaft about Bombay are found caves of fuch remote antiquity, that neither tradition nor records can reach their origin: in many of them are infcriptions, written in a language and characters now totally unknown; but of these difufed, or dead languages, befides the Shanfcrit, or facred one. there are, in India, many remains. I am told the Jews at Cochin have yet the grant of their fynagogue, at prefent unintelligible; this, I once conjectured, might be in the primitive He |