Formation, figuration, efformation, sculpture.

V. To form, shape, figure, fashion, efform, carve, cut, chisel, hew, rough-hew, cast, rough-cast, hammer out, trim, lick into shape, mould, sculpture, cast, stamp.

Adj. Formed, &c., receiving form, plastic, fictile.
Giving form, plasmic.

(242) Regularity of form. SYMMETRY, shapeliness, uniformity, finish, see Beauty (845), arborescence (256).

Adj. Symmetrical, regular, shapely, well set, uniform, finished, &c., arborescent (256).

(243) Irregularity of form. DISTORTION, twist, wryness, detortion, contortion, see Ugliness (846), teratology.

V. To distort, twist, wrest, writhe, contort.

Adj. Irregular, unsymmetric, distorted, twisted, awry, askew, crooked, on one side, hump-backed, hunchbacked. Phr. All manner of ways.

2o. SPECIAL FORM.

(244) ANGULARITY, angularness, angle, cusp, bend, elbow, knee, knuckle, groin, crinkle, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, zig-zag, kimbo, aduncity, anfractuosity. Fold, see (258).

Fork, bifurcation, dichotomy.

A right angle, see Perpendicularity (212), salient and re-entering angles. A polygon, square, triangle, &c., lozenge, diamond, rhomb, &c., wedge. V. To bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle.

Adj. Angular, bent, aduncous, aquiline, jagged, serrated, falciform, furcated, forked, bifurcate, zig-zag; dove-tailed, knock-kneed, crinkled, kimbo, geniculated, polygonal, &c., fusiform, wedge-shaped, cuneiform.

(245) CURVATURE, curvation, incurvity, incurvation, bend, flexure, flexion, crook, hook, bought, bending, inflexion, arcuation, devexity, turn, deviation, détour, sweep, sinuosity, curl, curling, winding, recurvity, recurvation, flexibility (324).

A curve, arc, arch, arcade, vault, bow, crescent, half-moon, lunule, horse-shoe, loop, crane-neck, conchoid, &c.

V. To be curved, &c., to decline, turn, trend, deviate, re-enter, sweep.

To render curved; to bend, curve, incurvate, deflect, inflect, crook, turn, arch, arcuate, bow, curl, recurve, frizzle.

Adj. Curved, bent, &c., curvilinear (or curvilineal), curviform, devex,

(246) STRAIGHTNESS, rectilinearity, directness.

A straight line, a right line, a direct line; inflexibility (324). V. To be straight, &c.

To render straight, to straighten, rectify, unbend, unfold, uncurl, uncoil, unroll, unwind, unravel, untwist, untwine, unwreathe, unwrap.

Adj. Straight, rectilinear (or rectilineal), direct, even, right, in a line; not inclining, bending, turning, or deviating to either side; undeviating, unturned, undistorted, unswerving. Phr. Straight as an arrow: as the crow flies.

recurved, recurvous, crump, bowed, crooked, arched, vaulted, arcuated, hooked, falciform, falcated, semicircular, crescentic, luniform, lunular, semilunar, conchoidal, cordiform, cardioid, heart-shaped, lenticular, reniform; bow-kneed, knock-kneed, devious.

(247) Simple circularity. CIRCULARITY, roundness.

A circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, ringlet, eye, loop, wheel, cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band, sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland, crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, necklace; noose, lasso.

An ellipse, oval, ovule, ellipsoid, cycloid, epicycloid, epicycle, &c.

V. To encircle, environ, &c. (227). Adj. Round, circular, annular, orbicular.

(248) Complex circularity. CONVOLUTION, winding, wave, undulation, circuit, tortuosity, anfractuosity, sinuosity, involution, sinuation, circumvolution, meandering, circumbendibus, twist, twirl, windings, and turnings, ambages, inosculation, reticulation, see (219).

A coil, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle, scollop (or scallop).

Serpent, eel, maze, labyrinth.
V. To be convoluted, &c.

To wind, twine, turn, and twist, twirl, wave, undulate, meander, scalOval, elliptical, elliptic, ovate, lop, inosculate, entwine, twist toegg-shaped; cycloidal, &c., monili-gether (219). form.

Adj. Convoluted, winding, twisting, contorted, waving, waved, wavy, undulating, undated, serpentine, serpentiform, anguilliform, mazy, tor

tuous, sinuous, flexuous, involved, sigmoidal, snaky, vermiform, vermicular, meandering; scolloped (or scalloped),wreathed, wreathy, crisped, frizzled, ravelled, twisted, dishevelled.

Spiral, coiled, heliacal, turbinated.

Adv. In and out.

(249) ROTUNDITY; cylindricity; cylinder, barrel, drum, cylindroid, roll, roller, rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle.

Cone, conoid; pear-shape, bell-shape.

Sphericity, spheroidity; a sphere, globe, ball, spheroid, ellipsoid, drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, pelote, pill, clew, marble, pea, knob, pommel.

V. To form into a sphere, to sphere, to roll into a ball, give rotundity, &c. Adj. Rotund, cylindric, cylindrical, columnar; lumbriciform, conic, conical.

Spherical, globular, globated, globous, globose, ovoid, egg-shaped, oviform, gibbous, bell-shaped, campaniliform, campaniform, campanulate, fungiform.

Phr. Round as an apple; round as a ball.

3o. SUPERFICIAL FORM.

(250) CONVEXITY, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbosity, bulge, protuberance, intumescence, tumor, tuberosity, tubercle, tooth, knob, excrescence, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, dorsum, hump, hunch, bunch, boss, embossment, bump, clump, sugarloaf, point (253).

(251) FLATNESS, plane; see Horizontality (213), Layer (204), and Smoothness (255), plate, platter.

V. To render flat, flatten, smooth,

level.

Adj. Flat, plane, level, &c., flush, scutiform.

Phr. Flat as a pancake; flat as a flounder; flat as a board; flat as my hand.

To render prominent; to raise, see (307).

Adj. Prominent, projecting, salient, in relief, bulging, &c., bowed, arched, bold, tuberous, bellied, tuberculous, tumerous, bossed, bossy, embossed, gibbous, mammiform.

bristle, beard, crag, chevaux de frise, crest, cone, peak, spire, pyramid, steeple, porcupine, hedgehog.

Cutting edge, wedge, edge-tool, knife, razor, scalpel, axe, adze,

V. To be sharp, &c., to taper to a point, to bristle with.

To render sharp, &c., to sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate, bristle up.

Adj. Sharp, pointed, conical, acute, acicular, aciform, aculeated, needle-shaped, spiked, spiky, ensiform, peaked, acuminated, salient, cusped, cornuted, prickly, spiny, spinous, thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briary, cragged, craggy, snaggy, digitated, barbed, spurred, two-edged, tapering, fusiform, denticulated, toothed, cutting, sharp-edged.

Starlike, stellated, stelliform.

Phr. Sharp as a needle; sharp as a razor.

Brush, hair, hairiness, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, tress, lock, curl, ringlet, fimbriæ, cilia.

Plumage, plumosity, plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, down; byssus, moss, bur.

V. To be rough, &c.

To render rough, to roughen, crisp, crumple, corrugate, rumple. Adj. Rough, uneven, scabrous, rugged, rugose, rugous, salebrous, unsmooth, rough-hewn, craggy, cragged, scraggy, prickly (253).

Arborescent, dendriform, arboriform, branching, dendroid.

Feathery, plumose, tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, hirsute, bushy, hispid, tomentous, downy, velvety, villous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, fringed, befringed, setaceous, setous.

Phr. Rough as a bear; "like quills upon the fretful porcupine."

(257) NOTCH, dent, nick, indent, indentation, dimple. Embrasure, battlement, saw, tooth, crenelle.

V. To notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag.

Adj. Notched, &c., jagged, crenated, dented, dentated, denticulated, toothed, palmated, indented, serrated.

(258) FOLD, plicature, plait, ply, crease, flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's ear, corrugation, frounce, pucker.

V. To fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, frizzle, rumple, frounce, rivel, twill, corrugate, crimple, pucker.

Adj. Folded, &c.

(259) FURROW, groove, rut, sulcus, scratch, streak, striæ, crack, score, rib. Channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, foss, trough, kennel, chamfer, ravine, see (198).

V. To furrow, &c., flute, plough.

Adj. Furrowed, &c., ribbed, striated, sulcated, canaliculated, bisulcate, trisulcate, &c., corduroy.

(260) OPENING, hole, foramen, perforation, window, eye, eyelet, key-hole, loop-hole, port-hole, mousehole, pigeon-hole, eye of a needle, pin-hole, puncture.

Aperture, apertness, hiation, yawn

(261) CLOSURE, occlusion, blockade, shutting up, filling up, plugging, sealing, obstruction, infarction, impassableness, blocking up, obstipation, blind alley, blind corner, cul-de-sac, cæcum.

Imperforation,

ing, oscitancy, dehiscence, patefac-
tion, pandiculation, see Interval impermeability.
(198).

imperviousness,

V. To close, occlude, plug, block Orifice, mouth, throat, inlet, muz-up, fill up, blockade, obstruct, stop, zle, throat, gullet, wizen, nozzle, portal, porch, gate, gateway, door, embouchure, doorway, arcade.

bung up, seal, plumb, cork up, shut up, choke, throttle, ram down, dam up, cram, stuff up.

Adj. Closed, shut, unopened, occluded, &c., impervious, imperforate, cæcal, unpassable, invious, pathless, untrodden, unpierced, unventilated, impermeable, imporous, operculated,

Channel, passage, tube, pipe, vessel, tubule, canal, thoroughfare, gut, fistula, ajutage, chimney, flue, funnel, gully, tunnel, main, pit, adit, shaft, gallery, alley, aisle, glade, vista, bore, mine, calibre, pore, follicle, por-air-tight. ousness, lacunæ.

Sieve, cullender or colander, cribble, riddle, screen; honey-comb.

Phr. Hermetically sealed.

Apertion, perforation, piercing, boring, mining, terebration, drilling, &c., empalement, pertusion, puncture, acupuncture, penetration (302).

V. To open, gape, yawn.

To perforate, lay open, pierce, bore, mine, drill, scoop out, tunnel, transpierce, transfix, enfilade, empale, spike, spear, gore, stab, pink, puncture, stick, prick, riddle, punch.

Phr. To cut a passage through.

To uncover, unrip, stave in.

Adj. Open, pierced, perforated, &c., perforate, wide open, unclosed, unstopped, patulous, oscitant, gaping, yawning, patent. Tubular, cannular, fistulous, pervious, permeable, foraminous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular.

(262) PERFORATOR, borer, auger, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet, punch.

(263) STOPPER, stopple, plug, cork, bung, spigot, spike, spill, stopcock, tap, stop-gap, rammer, ramrod, piston, wadding, tompion.

Cover, lid, operculum, covering, covercle, door, &c. see (223), valve. A janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, Cerberus.

SECTION IV. MOTION.
1o. MOTION IN GENERAL.

(264) Successive change of place." MOTION, movement, transit, transition, move, going, &c., passage, course, stir, evolution.

Step, gait, post, footfall, carriage, transference (270), locomotion (266).

(265) QUIESCENCE, rest, stillness, stagnation, stagnancy, fixedness, immobility, catalepsy, indisturbance.

Quiet, tranquillity, calm, calmness, sedentariness.

Pause, suspension, suspense, lull,

A thing cannot be said to move from one place to another, unless it passes in succession through every intermediate place; hence motion is only such a change of place as is successive. "Rapid or swift as thought" are therefore incorrect expressions.