white race. To this desire for social equality may be attributed all the fiendish outrages which have been committed by black men upon unprotected and defenseless white females. It is a noteworthy fact that such outrages were never heard of in the days of slavery. The aspiration for social equality has been the source of this trouble.

In the present condition of the affairs at the South the labor problem has become a most serious one. As a general rule, the young blacks refuse to work upon the farms, and it has become absolutely necessary to supply their places with labor imported from abroad. How the experiment will turn out it remains to be seen. As yet it is an unsolved problem. Let us hope that the white people, who have heretofore proved themselves to be equal to any emergency, may yet be able to find a wise and proper solution.

CHAPTER XVI

The Jamestown Ter-Centennial Celebration-Hearing before committee of House of Representatives-Appear before Georgia Senate and House with General Fitzhugh Lee-Address the General Assembly of Connecticut in favor of the celebration-My remarks before the committee of the House of Representatives.

On March 28, 1904, there was a hearing granted to the Jamestown Exposition Company by the Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions of the House of Representatives. At that hearing, remarks were made by that gifted orator John Temple Graves of Georgia, S. Gordon Cummings, Barton Myers, John Swift Holbrook, T. J. Wool, Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, and myself. Subsequently, by invitation of the Jamestown Exposition Company, I accompanied General Lee to Atlanta, Georgia, and had the honor of appearing with him before the Senate and House of Representatives of that great State, for the purpose of bringing to their attention the proposed Ter-Centennial Celebration in 1907. We were received with marked courtesy and kindness by the Governor and other officials, and when we were escorted into the Hall of the House of Representatives, we found assembled not only the Senate and House in joint session, but a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen who evinced the deepest interest in the proceedings. At the conclusion of our addresses, we were assured by the Hon. Clarke Howell, who presided, that at the proper time Georgia would do her full duty in the premises and would certainly be represented at the proposed celebration in 1907. Since the lamented death of General Lee, I went with Mr. Gwyn T. Shepperd, the zealous and energetic secretary of the company, to Hartford, Connecticut, to meet, as far as we could, an engagement made by General Lee before his death to

address the General Assembly of that State. We were accorded a hearing by the Joint Committee of the two Houses on Appropriations, and had the pleasure not only of addressing them, but a large number of other members who were present as interested listeners. We were treated with great civility and courtesy, and enjoyed very much our short stay in the beautiful and historic city of Hartford. The legislature made a handsome appropriation in aid of the Jamestown project.

Perhaps it may be of interest to copy here the remarks which I had the honor to make before the committee of the House of Representatives:

"STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN GOODE OF VIRGINIA.

"Mr. GOODE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, as a former member of the House of Representatives from the Second Congressional district of Virginia, in which Jamestown is situated, and as a native-born son of the State, loving every inch of her soil, proud of her past history and profoundly interested in everything that concerns her prosperity and glory, I thank the committee for the courtesy extended in permitting me to appear before them and submitting a few observations in advocacy of the bill entitled 'A bill to provide for celebrating the first permanent settlement of English-speaking people by holding an international exposition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the products of the soil, mines, forests, and the sea in the vicinity of Jamestown and on and near the waters of Hampton Roads, in the State of Virginia, and to authorize an appropriation in aid thereof.'

"The preamble of this bill reads as follows:

Whereas it is desirable to commemorate in a fitting and appropriate manner the first permanent settlement of English-speaking people on the American continent, made at Jamestown, Virginia, on the thirteenth day of May, sixteen hundred and seven, in order that the great events of American history which have resulted therefrom may be accentuated to the present and future generations of American citizens; and

Whereas that section of the Commonwealth of Virginia where the first permanent settlement was made is conspicuous in the history of the American nation by reason of the vital and critical events which have there taken place in the colonial, Revolutionary, and civil war eras of the nation, including not only the first permanent settlement of Englishspeaking people, but also the scene of the capitulation of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, and the scene of the first naval conflict between armorclad vessels, the Monitor and Merrimac: Therefore

Be it enacted, etc.

"During the time I shall occupy your attention, Mr. Chairman, I shall not undertake to discuss the details of this bill, but shall confine myself to the propositions enunciated in the preamble which I have read. In other words, I shall attempt to show that the present grandeur and glory of the Republic are directly traceable to the settlement of the colony at Jamestown. As my friend, Mr. Cummings, has said to you, the General Assembly of Virginia, at an extra session held in 1901, adopted a joint resolution expressing the opinion that suitable provision should be made for holding, on the 13th of May, 1907, a celebration worthy of this great nation, which from small beginnings at Jamestown has within the short period of three centuries attained the position of the foremost government upon earth and extended its dominion and its power across the continent. It also expressed the opinion that a suitable form of holding this celebration would be to hold an exposition in which the people of all our sister States of the Union should be invited to participate.

"In 1902 the General Assembly chartered the Jamestown Exposition Company and designated a location on Hampton Roads, on account of its historic interest, as the place for holding that exposition. The company has been organized, with Gen. Fitzhugh Lee as president, and an able board of directors, consisting of representative and influential citizens.

"Mr. Chairman, as you have been told, the General Assembly of Virginia has appropriated $200,000 in aid of the project, and $1,100,000 has been subscribed to the capital stock by public-spirited and patriotic citizens in tide-water Virginia. And now the exposition company comes to the Congress of the United States for the purpose of securing a suitable appropriation from the General Government.

"The CHAIRMAN. Let me interrupt you there, Judge Goode. I do not understand that the legislature of Virginia has authorized an exposition. You propose by this bill that the Government of the United States shall authorize the exposition as well as appropriate the money, do you not?

"Mr. CUMMINGS. If my friend will permit me, I can explain. The only control which the legislature of Virginia has over this exposition company is the ordinary police control which the Commonwealth has over a corporation which it creates. In so far as controlling the management of the affairs or methods of the company is concerned, the legislature has nothing to do with it; it is an independent company. "The CHAIRMAN. So you are asking the Government of the United States to authorize this exposition, as well as to appropriate money to aid in defraying the expenses of the same?

"Mr. CUMMINGS. That is it.

"Mr. GOODE. That, as I understand it, is the object of the bill under consideration.

"Mr. Chairman, in this practical, utilitarian age, when the spirit of commercial greed so largely predominates and the great object of life with many seems to be to put money in the purse, we occasionally meet men who are disposed to ridicule and deride what they call mere sentiment; but such men forget that it is sentiment that rules the world. Many years ago Andrew Fletcher, a Scotchman, wrote the Marquis of Montrose a letter, in which he said: 'I know a very wise. man who believes that if a man were permitted to write all the songs of a people he need not care who wrote their laws.' From time immemorial mankind has evinced a disposition to recall the traditions of the past, to preserve ancient landmarks, and to cherish sacred memories. There can certainly be no higher incentive to honor, virtue, and patriotism.

"Let us consider briefly, as germane to the bill, some of the circumstances attending the first settlement of the colony at Jamestown and some of the consequences resulting from that settlement.

"In the year 1578 Sir Walter Raleigh, a gay and gallant courtier, under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth, sailed