During some of our earlier hearings, witnesses suggested that students did best in a majority group, middle class milieu. Because of the racial composition and the rural tendency of your county, I gather that your school district would have some difficulty in providing such a situation. Do you see this as a problem and, if so, do you believe it can be overcome?

Answer. This question (part 1) is answered in detail under (2) above. I am sure there would be problems that we do not have in situations where blacks are in a minority. But, if color is completely forgotten, by administrators, teachers, and students, these problems can be solved. For example, our Indian students are definitely in a minority, yet they are involved in all of the activities of the school.

Question 10. On page 7 of your testimony, you say that much of the success of the Hoke County plan is due to "the positive leadership of the school board." Could you list specific actions which you believe school boards can take to provide this leadership?

Answer. I think, based upon actual experience, that school boards can take specific steps to assert leadership:

(a) Take the initiative in developing plans for desegregation, including points to assure fairness to all races.

(b) Face the public with the plan, and assume full responsibility for it. (Do not place the "blame" on some other agency).

(c) Organize teacher workshops to orient the staff to the new programs. (d) Individual members of the board must support the plan "on the street" as well as in the official body.

Senator MONDALE. Thank you very much for a most useful contribution this morning.

We stand in recess until tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock.

(Whereupon, at 11:15 a.m., the committee recessed, to reconvene at 10 a.m., Thursday, June 18, 1970.)

о

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

OF THE

UNITED STATES SENATE

NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

PART 3B-DESEGREGATION UNDER LAW

WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 18, 22, 23, 24; JULY 8, 1970

Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity

46-125

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25

SELECT COMMITTEE ON EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY WALTER F. MONDALE, Minnesota, Chairman

WILLIAM C. SMITH, Staff Director and General Counsel
A. SIDNEY JOHNSON, Deputy Staff Director

CONTENTS

Opening statements of the chairman____.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES

THURSDAY, JUNE 18, 1970

Page

1309, 1485, 1567

Martin, Mrs. Ruby, former Director, Office of Civil Rights, Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare; Lionel McIntyre, New Orleans, La.;
Tyrone Thomas, Mobile, Ala.; Lowanda Lovette, Rocky Mount, N.C.;
Arthur Mae Cohen, Frogmore, S.C.; Anita Kleinpeter, Lake Providence,
La..

MONDAY, JUNE 22, 1970

Mizell, M. Hayes, director, South Carolina community relations program,
American Friends Service Committee, Columbia, S.C., accompanied by
James H. Lanham, community leader, Edgefield, S.C.; Andrew Marisett,
program associate, AFSC South Carolina community relations program,
Frogmore, S.C.; and Miss Janet Wells, program associate, AFSC South
Carolina Community relations program, Aiken, S.C..

TUESDAY, JUNE 23, 1970

1309

1389

Braddock, G. Holmes, chairman, Dade County School Board, Miami, Fla.
Cody, Dr. Wilmer S., superintendent, Chapel Hill, N.C..

1439

1455

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1970

Marsh, Henry, Esq., NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Richmond, Va............
Leventhal, Melvyn, Legal Defense Fund, Jackson, Miss----
Chambers, Julius, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Charlotte, N.C..
Strickler, George, Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee, New
Orleans, La..

1485

1485

1485

1485

WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1970

Hill, James, law student, University of South Carolina, accompanied by a panel of three teachers and four students__

1568

Miscellaneous articles, publications, etc., entitled:

Activities of Southern Schools (Southern Nash High School) -
A Plan of Action for Total Student Involvement_

Communications to:

Hon. Edward Brooke, from Guy T. Swain, principal, June 23, 1970..
Lloyd R. Henderson, from Leroy Sneed, June 15, 1970.

Page

1370

1434

1386

Hon. Russell B. Long, from Thelma P. Clement, June 29, 1970..
Hon. Walter F. Mondale, chairman, from Bert E. Bradley, president of
Citizens for Better Schools, Chapel Hill, N.C., July 20, 1970______ 1481
Hon. Walter F. Mondale, chairman, from M. Hayes Mizell, director,
South Carolina community relations program, American Friends
Service Committee, June 23, 1970.

Hon. Walter F. Mondale, from C. Walter Shields:
July 17, 1970_

June 22, 1970_

Hon. Walter F. Mondale, from V. J. Colombo, July 16, 1970.

J. D. O'Quinn, superintendent, Jasper County Schools, from Lloyd D.
Henderson, Education Branch Chief, Office for Civil Rights.
Senators and Congressmen, from Hayes Mizell, June 15, 1970.

C. Robert Shields, Shields-Wyatt Associates, Rocky Mount, N.C.,
from Senator Walter F. Mondale, July 13, 1970__

1535

1370

1351

1383

1437

1433

1370

1382

1374

Background information of black high school students' testimony
before the committee_

1309

Forty questions-forty answers.

"Edgefield School-Learning Ills Tackled," from the Columbia (S.C.)
Record, May 6, 1970.

1430

Jasper County (S.C.) plan for integration of schools.

1353

munity Action for Full Citizenship..

Letter to the editor of the Columbia (S.C.) Record, from Janet Wells..
Memorandum to parents and citizens of Edgefield County, from Com-

1435

1432

1431

Press reports on school desegregation__

"Teenage Negroes Describe Difficulties of Integration," from the Raleigh (N.C.) News and Observer, June 1970--

Statement of facts, by James Long, legal associate, American Friends
Service Committee.

"Senior High Merger Evaluation Given to Commission," from the Evening Telegram, May 22, 1970____

1556

1385

1535

1371