See FOX.

John i. 9.

Athens

but his arguments do not feem fufficiently grounded, and are therefore generally rejected. St. Jerome affirms them to be the fame. Nothing certain can be collected concerning the death of Quadratus: but it is fuppofed, that he was banished from Athens, and then put to variety of torments, under the reign of Adrian.

There was also a very eloquent Athenian philofopher, named Ariftides, who prefented to the emperor Adrian, at the fame time with Quadratus, a volume in the form of an apology for the chriftian religion; which, fays St. Jerome, fhews the learned, how excellent a writer this author was. The fame Jerome obferves, that Ariftides did not alter his profeffion, when he changed his religion; that his apology was full of philofophical notions; and that it was afterwards imitated by Juftin Martyr. It was extant in Eufebius's and Jerome's time; but it is now loft. There is little mention of Ariftides by the ancients, so that nothing particular is known of him.

QUAKERS, a fect of chriftians, who appeared first in England, in the perfon of George Fox, about the year 1650. We need not be particular in fetting forth the principles of people fo well known, and living among ourselves; but as there is a fhort account of them in the first part of Mr. Collier's dictionary, which is there faid to have been sent in by themselves, we think that the curious reader will be pleased with finding it transcribed into this work of ours. "Quakers, a religious people abufively fo called from the "word Quake. The curious may read their rife in George "Fox's Journal, and William Penn's Brief Account of the "Rife and Progress of that People; and their Apology by "Robert Barclay, who hath comprised their fentiments in

fifteen thefes. Some of the principal doctrines held by "this people are, That God hath given to all men, without "any exception, fupernatural light, which being obeyed can "fave them; and that this light is Chrift, the true light

which lighteth every man, that cometh into the world. That "the life ought to be regulated according to this light, with"out which no man or woman is capable of understanding "the holy fcriptures, which they believe were given by inspi

❝ration

"ration of God, are to be preferred to all other writings ex"tant in the world, and do own them to be a fecondary or "fubordinate rule of faith and practice; but the light or "Spirit of God they believe is the primary rule, because the "holy fcriptures were given forth by, and do receive all "their authority from the holy Spirit: That immediate re"velation is not ceafed, but a measure or manifestation of "the Spirit is given to every one to profit withal: That, in "worship, men and women ought to wait in the filence "of all flefh, to receive immediately from the Lord, be"fore they open their mouths, either in prayer to Almighty God, or in teftimony to the people: That all fu"perftitions and ceremonies of mere human inftitution in re"ligion ought to be laid afide; alfo in civil fociety, as the faluting of one another, by putting off the hat, bowing, curching, and faying you instead of thou to a single “ perfon, &c. That men and women ought to be grave "and plain in their apparel, fober and just in their whole "conversation, and at a word in all their dealings; not to "fwear, or fight, or bear any carnal weapons for that end, "but to love one another, and to do good, as much as in "them lies, unto all men."

In the reign of Charles II, the Quakers underwent fome perfecution, not on account of their religious principles, but because they refufed to pay tythes to the clergy, and to take oaths prefcribed by the law. This occafioned Robert Barclay to write An Apology for his brethren, which he published, and dedicated to king Charles, in the year 1675. The dedication has nothing mean or flattering in it, but contains fome very plain truths and excellent counfels; and for the Apology, it abounds with good fenfe and good learning, and is indeed as good a one as could be made: infomuch that the following paffage of Virgil can never be more justly applied, than to the author of it:

Si Pergama dextra

Defendi poffent, etiam hac defenfa fuiffent.

Æneid. lib. II. v. 291.

account of

dramatic

poets.

QUARLES (FRANCIS) an English poet, fon of James Quarles, efq; clerk of the green-cloth, and purveyor to queen Elizabeth, was born at Stewards, in the parish of Rumford in Langbaine's Effex, in the year 1592. He was fent to Cambridge, and continued for fome time in Chrift-college; and then became a member of Lincoln's-Inn, London. Afterwards he was preferred to the place of cup-bearer to Elizabeth, daughter of king James I. electress palatine and queen of Bohemia: but quitted her service, very probably upon the ruin of the elector's affairs, and went over to Ireland, where he became fecretary to the most learned archbishop Ufher. Upon the breaking out of the rebellion in that kingdom, in 1641, he suffered greatly in his fortune, and was obliged to fly for fafety to England but here he did not meet with the quiet he expected; for a piece of his, ftiled the Royal Convert, having given offence to the prevailing powers, they took occafion from that, and from his repairing to king Charles I. at Oxford, to hurt him as much as poffible in his eftates. But we are told, that what he took moft to heart, was being plundered of his books and fome manufcripts, which he had prepared for the prefs: the loss of these is fupposed to have haftened his ley's lives of death, which happened in September 1644. He wrote a the poets.

Winftan

Worthies, in Effex.

66

Comedy, called, "The Virgin Widow," printed in 1649,
4to. and several poems, which were chiefly of the religious
"kind. Mr. Langbaine fays, " he was a poet, that mixed
"religion and fancy together; and was very careful in all
"his writings, not to entrench upon good manners by any
"fcurrility in his works, or any ways offending against his
duty to God, his neighbour and himself." Thus according
to Langbaine, and others have given him the same testimonial,
he was a very good man; but, in the judgement of some, he
was also a very great man, and a moft excellent Poet.
"Had
" he been contemporary, fays Fuller, with Plato, that great
"back-friend to poets, he would not only have allowed him
"to live, but advanced him to an office in his common-
"wealth. Some poets, if debarred profaneness, wantonness,
"and fatyricalness, that they may neither abuse God, them-
❝ felves, nor their neighbours, have their tongues cut out in
"effect. Others only trade in wit at the second hand, being

"all

"all for tranflations, nothing for invention.

Our Quarles "was free from the faults of the first, as if he had drank of "Jordan instead of Helicon, and flept on mount Olivet for "his Parnaffus ; and was happy in his own invention. His "visible poetry, I mean, his Emblems, is excellent, catching "therein the eye and fancy at one draught, so that he hath "out-alciated therein, in fome mens judgment. His verses on Job are done to the life, so that the reader may fee his "forces, and through them the anguifh of his foul. Accord"ing to the advice of St. Hierome, verba vertebat in opera, "and practifed the Job he had defcribed."

Athen. Ox

V. II.

By one wife our author had eighteen children, whereof one named John, a poet alfo, was born in Effex in 1624; admitted into Exeter college, Oxford, in 1642; bore arms for king Wood's Charles I. within the garrison at Oxford; and was afterwards a captain in one of the royal armies. Upon the ruin of the king's affairs, he retired to London in a mean condition, where he wrote several things purely for a maintenance; and afterwards travelled beyond the feas. He returned, and died of the plague at London in 1665. Some have esteemed him a good poet; and perhaps he was not intirely deftitute of genius, which would have appeared to more advantage, if it had been duly and properly cultivated: his principal merit, however, with his admirers, was certainly his being a very great royalift.

QUELLINUS (ERASMUS) an eminent painter, was born at Antwerp in the year 1607. He ftudied the Belles Lettres and philofophy for fome time; but his tafte and inclination for painting forced him at length to change his pursuits. He learned his art of the famous Rubens, and became a very good painter. Hiflory, landscape, and fome architecture were what he principally applied himself to his learning frequently appeared in his productions. He did feveral grand performances in Antwerp, and the places thereabouts, for churches and palaces: and though he aimed at nothing more, than the pleasure he took in the exercise of painting, yet when he died he left behind him a very great character for skill and merit in his art. old, which is not common to painters;

He lived to be
very
their profeffion not

being at all favorable to length of days. He left a fon of his own name, a painter, whofe works were esteemed, and may be seen in different parts of Italy: and a nephew Artus Quellinus, who was an excellent artist in sculpture, and who executed the fine pieces of carved work in the town-hall at Amfterdam, engraved firft by Hubert Quellinus.

QUERNO (CAMILLUS) an Italian poet, was born at Monopolis in the kingdom of Naples; and acquired in his early years a great facility of making verfes. He came to Rome about 1514, with a poem of twenty thousand lines, called Alexiada. Some young gentlemen of that city profeffed great friendship to him: they treated him in the country, and at a feaft crowned him arch-poet; so that he was not known afterwards by any other name. Pope Leo X. who upon certain occafions was no finall buffoon, delighted in his company, and caused him to be ferved with meat from his own table; and Querno, being an excellent parasite, humoured him very exactly. He was obliged to make a distich extempore, upon whatever subject was given him; even though he was at the time ill of the gout, with which he was extremely troubled. Once, when the fit was on him, he made this verse, Archipoeta facit verfus pro mille poetis And, as he hesitated in compofing the fecond, the pope readily and wittily added,Et pro mille aliis Archipoeta bibit. Querno haftening to repair his fault, cried, --- Porrige, quod faciat mihi carmina docta, Falernum To which the pope instantly replied, Hoc vinum enervat, debilitatque

pedes.

These were fine days for Querno: but after the taking of Rome, he retired to Naples, where he fuffered much during the wars in 1528, and died there in the hofpital. He used to Paulus Jo- fay, "He had found a thousand wolves, after he had lost one "lion."

vius.

Siecle de

Louis XIV. tom. II.

QUESNEL (PASQUIER) a celebrated priest of the oratory in France, was born at Paris in 1634, and was unfortunate in being the subject of a great divifion between his countrymen, and the causes of many quarrels among them; which, fays Voltaire, thirty pages of his book, intitled, "Moral

"Re