3. That representation in the Congress of the United States, and in the electoral college, is a right, fundamental and indestructible in its nature, and abiding in every State, being a duty as well as a right pertaining to the people of every State, and essential to our republican system of government. Its denial is the destruction of the Government itself.

4. Each State having under the Constitution the exclusive right to prescribe the qualifications of its own electors, we proclaim as usurpation and outrage the establishment of negro suffrage in any of the States by the coercive exercise of Federal power, and we shall resist to the last resort the threatened measures of the leaders of the Republican party to interfere by acts of Congress with the regulation of the elective franchise of the State of Pennsyl

vania.

5. That we are opposed to any amendment of the constitution of this State giving to negroes the right of suffrage.

6. That the failure of the Tariff Bill in the last session of the late Congress, more than three-fourths of whose members belonged to the Republican party, is an illustration of their infidelity to their pledges and neglect of their professions in relation to the great industrial and financial interests of the country.

7. That the Radical majority in Congress, and those who sustain them, have overthrown the Constitution, dismembered the Federal Union, and subverted republican government by a long series of usurpations, among which are the following: The denial of the right of the States of the Union to representation in Congress; the treatment of ten States as subjugated provinces, and governing them by military force in time of peace; the enactment of laws denying indemnity for arrests and false imprisonment, made without authority of law; the resistance of authority of civil tribunals, and their overthrow by substitution of military commissions for the trial of undefined offences; their efforts to destroy the Executive and Judicial Departments of the Government by threatened impeachment to control Executive action, and a projected remodelling of the Supreme Court of the United States to force obedience to congressional mandates; the ejection from their seats in the Federal Senate and House of members duly and legally chosen; the purpose of confiscation, in violation of the declaration of the rights avowed by the Republican leaders, and other guarantees of Federal and State constitutions, tending, as it does, to destroy all protection to private property, advances them far on the high road to repudia

tion.

8. That a strict conformity, both by Federal and State governments, to all powers, restrictions, and guarantees, as contained in the Constitution of the United States; a rigid and wise economy in the administration of public affairs, and the election of capable, honest, and patriotic men to office, are measures absolutely necessary to restore public confidence, avert national bankruptcy, and to insure the perpetuity of our free institutions.

9. That the late Republican Legislature of this State has distinguished itself for the number of its unwise and unconstitutional enactments. Some of

these laws have been judicially determined to be unconstitutional; others are unwise, inexpedient, oppressive, and fanatical, and the members who sanctioned them should be condemned by the people at the polls.

The Republican State Convention assembled June 26th in the court-house of the city of Williamsport, and placed the Hon. John Scott at their head as presiding officer. A majority of the votes of the delegates was given for Hon. Henry W. Williams, of Alleghany, as the candidate for Chief Justice. The

1. That, in the name of the nation saved from treason, we demand security against its repetition, by exacting from the vanquished such guarantees as will make treason so odious as to be forever impossible.

2. That, as in the past we cordially justified the administration of Abraham Lincoln in all necessary acts for the suppressing of the rebellion, we record it as our judgment that the administration of Andrew Johnson has been chiefly faithless, in that it has failed to try to gather up and fix in the organic and statute law the great principles which the war has settled, and without whose adoption as a rule of action, peace is but a delusion and a snare.

3. That, in the completion of the task of reconstruction, so firmly as to be perpetual, it is indispen sable that traitors beaten in the field shall not find a sanctuary in the courts; that the law shall not be tortured to justify or palliate the crimes of which the country's enemies have been guilty, and that the law of the war shall be so distinctly declared by the courts that no disturbing and paralyzing doubts may ever be raised, as in 1861, affecting the essential rights of the Government or personal duties of the citizen.

4. That this convention, speaking for the Republicans of Pennsylvania, unreservedly indorses the reconstruction measures of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses as based upon sound principles, essentially just and wise, and promising an early legal and permanent restoration of the rebel States to their share in the government of the Union; that we denounce and condemn the efforts of President Johnson, through his pliant Attorney-General and a majority of his Cabinet, to evade these laws by interfering to obstruct and prevent their enforcement in the spirit in which they were enacted, and that we call upon Congress, soon to meet, promptly and decisively to dispose of this new nullification.

5. That the thanks of the loyal men of this Commonwealth are hereby tendered to Major-General Sheridan and Major-General Sickles for their publicly-declared unwillingness to be made instrumental, in the startling and truthful words of the former, "in opening, under presidential dictation, a broad, macadamized way for perjury and fraud to travel on," to the coveted repossession of political power in the rebel States; and that this convention confidently expects that General Grant will vindicate his past record by cordially sustaining them in their patriotic efforts to execute the law.

6. That President Johnson further merits our con demnation for his reckless pardon, and attempted restoration to political rights, of many of the chief conspirators against the Union; and that especially his persistent efforts to compel the release of Jeffer son Davis, without question for his crimes, are a reproach to the administration of justice and an insult to the whole loyal people of the nation.

The election of October resulted in the choice of George W. Sharswood, the Democratic can didate, by a majority of 922 votes. The total vote was 534,570, of which Sharswood received 267,746 and Williams 266,824. A vacancy occurred in the representation of the State in Congress, by the death of Charles Denison, of the Twelfth Congressional District, which was filled by the election of the Democratic candidate, George W. Woodward, late Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The two parties are represented in the Legislature of 1868 as follows: Senate-Republicans 19, Democrats 14; House-Republicans 54, Democrats 46.

bers: Interior, Dr. P. J. Saavedra; Justice, Worship, and Public Instruction, F. Osono; Foreign Affairs, J. R. Barrenechea (August, 1867); Finances, Pedro Paz Soldan; War and Navy, Martano Pio Cornejo. Minister of the United States, General Alvin P. Hovey (appointed in May, 1866). Area, 508,906 square miles; population, in 1860, 2,065,000. All the inhabitants belong to the Roman Catholic Church, which has an archbishop at Lima. There is only one Protestant missionary at Callao. The revenue, in 1862, was $21,245,832 (three-fourths of which was from the sale of guano); the expenses were $21,446,466. Deficit, $200,634. The national debt, on December 31, 1866, amounted to $50,140,621. The army, in 1866, consisted of 16,008 men; the navy consisted of 10 vessels, with 92 guns. The value of imports, in 1866, amounted to about $14000,000; the exports to $35,766,707. The number of vessels entering the port of Callao, in 1866, was 1,481, of an aggregate tonnage of 998,045; and the number of clearances 1,517, of an aggregate tonnage of 977,688. In 1861, the merchant navy numbered 110 ocean vessels, of an aggregate tonnage of 24,234.

No step was taken during the year to terminate the war in which Peru and her allies had for some time been engaged with Spain. The mediation offered by France and England, and again by the United States, was declined.

General Prado, who had been for some time at the head of the republic as dictator, was declared by Congress duly elected President for the term of five years. A revolution against his administration broke out in May in southern Peru, headed by ex-President Castilla. He landed on the Peruvian coast from Chili, after seizing a large number of muskets from the British mail-steamer on which he and his officers were passengers. The people in Arica, Tacna, Iquique, Islay, and other places in the south of Peru, rose in favor of Castilla, but the sudden death of that chief put an end to the insurrection as if by magic. Another revolution broke out in the latter months of the year, headed, in southern Peru, by General Canseco, a former Vice-President, and in the north by Colonel Balta. The insurrection soon became so formidable that the President deemed it necessary to take the field himself against Canseco. The revolution lasted until the close of December, when the Government troops were defeated both in the south and the north, and General Prado resigned the presidency and left the country for Chili.

The Peruvian Congress, which met on the 15th of February, adopted a new Constitution. The question of religious toleration caused a violent discussion. Congress finally adopted the following three provisions: 1. That the Roman Catholic religion was to be the religion of the state, and, as such, to be protected and maintained by the state. (Passed by unanimous vote.) 2. That the state could not recognize any other religion. (Passed with but

three dissenting votes.) 3. That public worship by any other sect or denomination should not be allowed or practised in the republic. (Passed by forty-three against forty votes.) Congress also passed the following law on the sale of guano:

ARTICLE 1. The Government will not be able for the future to make any new contracts of consignation, nor prorogate the actual ones by the system of advance

ment or any other means.

ART. 2. The guano will be sold in Peru for each and all the nations who consume it. The sale wil

be made at public auction, fixing anticipatory notices during six months for the quantity of guano to be consumed in one year, or two years at the utmost. contracts for the sale of the guano with the actual ART. 3. The Government will proceed to make consignees for the quantity consumed in their respec

tive markets.

ART. 4. These contracts for the selling of the guano Congress, without the approbation of which they will will be immediately submitted to the deliberation of be null and void.

ART. 5. The Government must attend most strictly to the faithful accomplishment of all the obligations of the nation in favor of the foreign debts. ART. 6. If the Government can not raise any funds in accordance with Art. 3, it is authorized to procure them to the sum of four million soles, making the most convenient contracts; the same will be submitted to Congress for their final approbation.

On September 13th a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation was signed between Peru and Chili. The most important provisions of this treaty are as follows:

perpetual friendship between the Republics of Peru ARTICLE 1. There shall exist inviolable peace and and Chili.

ART. 2. The citizens of each of the contracting par ties will enjoy respectively, in the territory of the other, the same personal guarantees and civil rights tation, and all the rights conferred by their Constitu that are enjoyed by their own citizens, without limitions and laws to persons, property, correspondence, and commercial liberty, to make contracts, and navi gate, and, in one word, to exercise any legal calling, by vendue or by will, in conformity with internsto acquire property, and transfer the same, either tional right, private and modern, and in compliance with the special laws of other of the republics. It is not prohibited to the citizens of either of the contracting parties to navigate coastwise, or upon rivers of each, or to ports not declared ports of entry to general commerce, in vessels of any size or tornage, always submitting themselves to the rules, regulations, laws, and ordinances, special or otherwise, of the port or ports.

the

ART. 3. The principle of equality of flags is accepted in its fullest sense, and, to this end, vessels belonging to each country are to be considered as if they were registered under the laws of each country.

ART. 4. Commerce between the high contracting parties will be treated by the rule of complete liberty and reciprocity. In consequence, the natural or the territory of the other free of duty, local or othermanufactured products of each will be admitted into wise, restricted only to the limitations and modifi cations that are expressed in the two articles that follow.

ART. 5. With reference to wheat and flour, this special rule is established: The first year of this treaty the duty on wheat and flour will be only reduced in Peru one-fourth of the present duty, the remaining three-fourths are to be paid; on the following year the three-fourths are to be reduced one-half, and the next year are to be free. This, however, is not to prejudice more liberal dispositions that,

PNEUMATIC DISPATCH. This work is between the terminus of the Northwestern Railway and one of the District Post-Offices in London. The great principle may be briefly explained as follows: A small cast-iron tunael or tube, arched above, but nearly flat below, about 2 feet 9 inches high, and having nearly Fig. 1.

Fig. 3, supported on a short horizontal axis, to which a small high-pressure engine is directly geared. This disk is enclosed in a rectangular, round-topped casing or box, of boiler-plate, 22 feet wide by 4 feet thick. Connected with its lower portion at one side is a large tube or continuation of the tunnel, while another similar tube, leaving the tunnel at a point more distant from its terminus (see Fig. 2), forms a connection with the interior of the hollow disk, by means of the air-trunk, which is seen in Fig. 3 to surround the lower Fig. 3.

the same width at its broadest part, provided with a pair of rails, runs from one station to the other. On these rails run four-wheeled wagons, of which Fig. 1 shows an end view and half cross-section. The general outline of the wagon conforms, as the drawing shows, to the section of the tunnel, but there is an absolute clearance all around, of more than an inch. The tubes composing the tunnel are cast in ordinary lengths, and are put together with leaded joints, like the ordinary water or gas mains. They are laid with gradients, varying from 1 in 100 to 1 in 80, and with three curves, two of 110 feet radius and one of 40 feet. This last curve is very short, but works well, and proves the admirable flexibility of the system. The apparatus for giving motion to these carriages is situated entirely at one end of the line, of which Fig. 2 is the ground plan with the boiler, engine, and tunnel, and Fig. 3 shows on larger scale a vertical section of this apparatus, which is known as the Pneumatic Ejector. This consists of a hollow circular disk of sheet iron, shown edgewise in the middle of Fig. 2.

half of the rectangular casing. This air-trunk may, however, by appropriate valves, be shut off from the tunnel and opened to the outer air, as also may the rectangular casing mentioned before.

The action of this instrument, in a general way, may be easily described. The hollow disk being rotated by the engine, draws in air at its centre from the air-trunk, and expels it into the rectangular case. If the former is connected with the tunnel, and the latter with the outer air, a partial vacuum is produced, and cars are sucked through from the further sta

tion. But when the casing is connected with the tunnel, and the air-trunk with the atmosphere, air is forced into the tube, and drives a carriage from the nearer to the further station. The hollow disk already mentioned is about 21 feet in diameter, formed of two thin sheets of iron, which are but two inches apart at the outer edge, but separating as they approach the axis, so as to form such surfaces of revolution as would be generated by curves,