CONNECTICUT.

Justice is seen prominent in the centre of the foreground, grasping an olive branch, and a sword in her right hand, while her left is elevating her well-bal lanced scales above her head. At her feet is a laurel wreath, the fasces and a cornu copia, with an uninscribed white label waving loosely from their midst. In the distance, on the right, is a view of the ocean, with a ship under full sail in the perspective, bounded by a clear horizon On the left are some hogsheads of tobacco, symbolical of the principal products, and a ship with its sails partly unfurled, indicative of commercial enterprise.

The original seal is of an oval form, without any ornamental devices, and on the field are delineated three grape-vines, each winding around and sustained by an upright support, the whole representing the three settlements (Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield) which formed the early colony. On a label waving around the lower vine is the motto Qui Transtulit Sustinet-"He who planteth still sustains." Around the margin of the field are the words, "Sigillum Reipublica Connecticutensis :" "The Seal of the State of Connecticut." [The Colonial seal had fifteen grape-vines, with a hand protruding from the clouds on the right above them, grasping the label and motto, which was waving in the air; but that seal has been broken, and the present seal used in its stead.]

RHODE ISLAND.

A white or silver shield, on which is an anchor with two flukes, and a cable attached. Above the shield. in Roman capitals, is the word HOPE, and from each upper corner of the shield is suspended an unlettered label. The devie symbolizes those principles of civil an religious liberty which led to the found ing of this colony, and in which the faith of the citizens of the State is still deeply anchored. The motto, HOPE, above the shield, directs the mind to the uncertain future, anticipating the growing prosperity ARTTLED BY ROGER WILLIAMS,1636. of the State, and the perpetuity of its free institutions; while the unlettered label denotes that events are still progressing in the march of Tine, and await the completion of History, before the destiny of the State shall be recorded thereon.

NORTH CAROLINA

In the original seal, which differs somewhat from the margin, on a white or silver field are represented the Goddess of Liberty on the right, and Ceres, the Goddess of corn and of harvests, on the left. In the right hand of the former is a scroll, representing the Declaration of Independence, and the left supports her wand, surmounted by the cap of liberty. Ceres has in her right hand three heads or ears of wheat, and in her left the cornucopia or horn of plenty, filled with the products of the earth. In the background is a marine view, indicative of the commercial resources of the State. Around the outer circle, starting from a star on the top, are the words, in Roman capitals, "Great Seal of the State of North Carolina."

In the centre of the white or silver field is the device of a palmetto-tree (a species of the date), with its topmost branches denoting a vigorous growth, emblematical of the prosperous progress of the State. Near the base of the tree are two crosspieces; composed of bundles of spears, at the crossing of which is attached a scroll or label, with the motto, Animis opibusque parati-" Ready [to defend it] with our lives and property," which motto, by the way, is more generally put around the lower half of the outer circle, with the words "South Carolina" occupying the upper half, preceded by a single

star.

SETTLED BY THE ENGLISH, 1(50.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

SETTLED BY THE HUGUENOTS, 1670.

PENNSYLVANIA

On a white field is an escutcheon parted by a yellow or golden band or girdle, on which is represented a plough in its natural color. In he upper part of the shield, a ship under full sail is gliding smoothly over the waves of the sea, which are surmounted by an azure sky. At the lower part, on a green ground, are three golden sheaves of wheat, denoting that agriculture as well as commerce, is one of the primary reliances of the State. On the right of the shield is a stalk of maize, and on the left an olive branch. For the crest, on a wreath of olive flowers, is perched a bald eagle, with wings extended, holding in its beak a label, with the motto, "Virtue, Liberty, and Inde. pendence." Around the margin of the seal are the words, "Seal of the State of Pennsylvania

ver field are three pillars, supporting an arch, around which are emblazoned the word "Constitution." The pillars are symbolical of the three departments of the State government-the Legislative, the Judiciary, and the Executive; and on the one at the right, representing the Legislative, is the word "Wisdom;" on the second, representing the Judiciary, is the word "Justice;" and on the third, representing the Executive, is the word "Moderation." Near the right pillar is the figure of an officer with a drawn sword, denoting that the aid of the military is always ready to enforce respect and obedience to law. Around the margin of the circle are the words, "State of Georgia. 1799."

BETTLED BY THE ENGLISH, 1733.

VERMONT.

FREEDOM

A circular field, in the middle of which is a tall evergreen with fourteen branches -thirteen representing the original States, and the fourteenth or topmost the State of Vermont, supported by the others. Beneath a cloudless firmament, the Green Mountains are seen towering in the distance, and in the foreground are sheaves of wheat and a cow, indicative of an agricultural and grazing country, affording the true sources of thrift and independ ence for an industrious population. The Green Mountains have ever been considered characteristic of the hardy race which inhabits that region. Around the margin of the field, in Roman capitals, the word Vermont" occupies the upper half circle, and the words "Freedom and Unity" occupy the kwer half.

KENTUCKY.

VIDED WE FALL:

66

Although the seal of this State is apparently and really among the most simple in its design, yet it embodies a significance which should commend itself to the serious consideration of all who are disposed to place a slight value upon the union of the States. In the centre of a circular white or silver field, two friends are seen grasping one hand of each other in a firm and cordial embrace, while the other is extended to each other's back, significant of encouragement and support. Below them is the expressive motto, "United we stand; divided we fall." An ornamented double circle encompasses the whole, with the words "Seal of Kentucky" between the lines of the upper haif-circle.

per
half of which is occupied on the right
by a plough, in the centre by a sheaf of
wheat, and on the left by a stalk of cotton.
Underneath these emblems, extending
across the entire middle of the field, is the
word " Agriculture," denoting that the
first reliance of the State should be upon
the productions of the soil. The lower
half is occupied by a loaded barge, with
the word "Commerce" below the water,
indicating that the prosperity of all may
be promoted through this means.

Over

the sheaf of wheat are the numeral letters XVI., denoting that this was the sixeeenth State admitted into the Union.

ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, 1790,

Around the border are the words, "The

Great Seal of the State of Tennesee," with the date, 1796.

The

OHIO.

In a circular field are several devices, significant of the general surface, business, and prospects of the State. central portion represents a cultivated country, with the emblem of agriculture (a wheat-sheaf) on the right, and on the left a bundle of seventeen arrows, indicating the number of States then constituting the Union. In the distance is a range of mountains, the base skirted by a tract of woodland. The rising sun, which is just becoming visible above the mountains, betokens the rising glory of the State. The foreground is an expanse of water, with a keel-boat on its surface, indicative of inland trade. Below is the motto, "Imperium in impezio."

On a white or silver circular field is represented a pelican, standing by her nest filled with young ones, in the attitude of "protection and defence," and in the act of feeding them-all sharing alike her maternal assiduity. The mother-bird symbolizes the general government of the Union; while the birds in the nest repreBent the several States. Above are the scales of Justice, which, taken in connection with the emblems beneath, signify that." equal and exact justice" must be extended to all the members of the

IMPERIUM IMPERIOS

INS
ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, 1802

LOUISIANA.

confederacy. The semi-circle of eighteen ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, 1812 Btars indicates the number of States at

the time of admission. In the upper portion of the external circle are the words, "State of Louisiana," and in the lower, the words, "Union and Confidence "

565

is represented a scene of prairie and woodland, with the surface gently undulating -descriptive of the predominant features of the State. In the foreground is a buffalo, an animal once abounding in great numbers in this region, apparently startled by the axe of the woodman or pioneer, who is seen on the left, felling the trees of the forest, denoting the march of civilization westward. In the distance, on the right, is seen the sun, just appear ing above the verge of the horizon. In a half-circle, spanning the expressive scene beneath, are the words "Indiana State Seal." Around the outer margin of the whole is a plain green border, surrounded by a simple black line.

ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, 1816.

MISSISSIPPI.

In the centre of a white or silver cireu. lar field is the American eagle, with widespread wings, occupying the entire sur face; which may be considered as denoting that all the people of the State, from whatever clime or country they may have come, are purely American in feeling, and are content to repose their trust under the broad wings of the "bird of liberty." In the right talon of the eagle is a bundle of four arrows, significant of power to sustain the principles of government, and to repel the assaults of an enemy; while an olive branch in the left betokens a disposition to maintain peace. Around the lines, are the words, in Roman capitals,

outer circle, between parallel
The Great Seal of the State of Mississippi."

ILLINOIS.

In the centre of a white or silver escutcheon is a representation of the American eagle, its wings spread so as to touch the inner margin of the shield. In its right talon is the emblem of peace, an olive branch; while three arrows are grasped in the left, denoting its readiness to sustain the three great branches of government. On its breast is an escutcheon, the lower half of which is represented of a red color, and the upper half blue, the latter bearing three white or silver stars. From its beak extends a labe, waving in the air above it, with the inscription "State Sovereignty: National Union." In the upper part of a circle enclosing the shield are the words, "Seal of the State of Illinois," and in the lower part the date. Aug't 20, 1818."

ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, 1818,