alacrity that is amazing. After dusk close the outward door again, and you may take your friends to your hive the following day to see you deprive it of its honey without any fear of molestation."

We have pointed out some of the advantages attending the keeping of bees, and now that their management is rendered so safe and easy, we hope to see the practice much extended. Every pound of wax and honey produced is a positive increase of the riches of the country. Something is obtained where there was nothing before. It is not within our scope to enter minutely into the subject, but we must content ourselves with recommending every one who determines on keeping bees to procure and study both Mr. Nutt's and Mr. Bagster's books, before he begins; and having done this, there can be no fear of his or her perfect success; and if what we have said shall lead but to one such resolution, our object will be obtained, and something will be done for the general good of the community.

A VOYAGE ON THE NILE.

I HAVE heard all manners of opinions expressed in regard to a voyage on the Nile; and may be allowed, perhaps, to give my Own. I have no hesitation in saying that, with a friend, a good boat, well fitted up, books, guns, plenty of time, and a cook like Michel, a voyage on the Nile would exceed any travelling within my experience. The perfect freedom from all restraint, and from the conventional trammels of civilized society, forms an episode in a man's life that is vastly agreeable and exciting. Think of not shaving for two months, of washing your shirts in the Nile, and wearing them without being ironed! True, these things are not absolutely necessary; but who would go to Egypt to travel as he does in Europe?"Away with all fantasies and fetters," is the motto of the tourist. We throw aside pretty much everything except our pantaloons; and a generous rivalry in long beards and soiled linen is kept up with exceeding spirit. You may go ashore whenever you like, and stroll through the little villages and be stared at by the Arabs, or walk along the banks of the river till darkness covers the earth; shooting pigeons and sometimes pheasants and hares, besides the odd shots from the deck of your boat at geese, crocodiles, and pelicans. And then it is so ridiculously cheap an amusement! You get your boat with ten men for thirty or forty dollars a mouth, fowls for three piastres (about a shilling) a pair, a sheep for a half or three quarters of a dollar, and eggs almost for the asking. You sail under your own country's banner; and, when you walk along the river, if the Arabs look particularly black and truculent, you proudly feel there is safety in its folds. From time to time you hear that a French or English flag has passed so many days before you, and you meet your fellow-voyagers with a freedom and cordiality which exist nowhere but on the Nile.

These are the little every day items in the voyage, without referring to the objects which are the traveller's principal inducements and rewards, the ruined cities on its banks, the mighty temples and tombs, and all the wonderful monuments of Egypt's departed greatness of them I will barely say, that their great antiquity, the mystery that overhangs them, and their extraordinary preservation amid the surrounding desolation, make Egypt perhaps the most interesting country in the world. In the words of Sir T. Browne, "Time sadly overcometh all things, and is now dominant, and sitteth upon a sphinx, and looketh into Memphis and old Thebes, while his sister Oblivion reclineth semi-somnious on a pyramid gloriously triumphing and turning old glories into dreams. History sinketh beneath her cloud. The traveller, as he passeth amazedly through those deserts, asketh of her who buildeth them, and she mumbleth something, but what it is he heareth not."

It is now more than three thousand years since the curse went forth against the land of Egypt. The Assyrian, the Persian, the Greek, the Roman, the Arabian, the Georgian, the Circassian, and the Ottoman Turk, have successively trodden it down and trampled upon it; for thirty centuries the foot of a stranger has been upon the necks of her inhabitants; and in bidding farewell to this once-favoured land, now lying in the most abject degradation and misery, groaning under the iron rod of a tyrant and a stranger, I cannot help recurring to the inspired words, the doom of prophecy: "It shall be the basest of the kingdoms, neither shall it exalt itself any more among the nations, and there shall be no more a prince of the land of Egypt."Stephens' Incidents of Travel.

OLD RULES IN ARITHMETIC.

THE following rules in arithmetic, from an old book, though more curious than useful, may amuse those who like such exercises.

1. To multiply numbers between 5 and 10.-Call one of the factors tens, and from the result subtract the product of that factor by the difference of the other factor from ten. Example: to multiply 8 into 9, subtract from 90 the product of 9 by 2, there remains 72; or add the factors together, and call the excess above 10, tens; multiply together the two differences of the factors from 10, and add the product to the former number. Example: to multiply 8 by 7, add to 50 the product of 2 into 3.

2. To multiply units into numbers between units and 20.Add the two factors together, call the difference of the sum from 0, tens; from this result subtract the product of the difference of the simple number from 10, and of the compound number from 10. Example: to multiply 6 by 14, subtract from 120 the product of 2 into 4.

3. To multiply together numbers between 10 and 20.-Add the units of one factor to the other factor, and call the sum tens; add to this the product of the units into the units. Example: to multiply 12 into 13, add 6 to 150.

4. To multiply numbers between 10 and 20 into compound numbers between 20 and 100.-Multiply the units of the smaller by the tens of the greater, add the product to the greater num ber, and call the sum tens; add to it the product of the units in both numbers. Example: to multiply 12 into 26, add 4 to 26, and call 30 tens, then add to it twice 6, and it is 312. 5. To multiply numbers between 20 and 200, where the digits in the place of tens are the same.—Add the units of one factor to the other, and multiply the sum by the tens; call the product tens, and add to it the product of the units multiplied by the units. Example: to multiply 23 by 25, multiply 26 by 2; call the product 56 tens, finish the operation, and 575 is obtained. 6. To multiply numbers between 10 and 100, where the digits in the place of tens are different.-Multiply the tens of the smaller number into the larger number; add to the result the product of the units of the smaller number into the tens of the greater; call the sum tens; add to this the product of the units into the units. Example: to multiply 23 into 34, add 9 to 68, and 12 to 770.

7. To multiply two unequal numbers, half the sum of which is simple.-Take the sum of the two, and multiply half of it into itself; from this product subtract the square of half the difference of the two numbers. Example: to multiply 24 by 36, from 900 subtract the square of half the difference of the numbers, that is 36, there remains 864.

BENTHAM'S BEQUEST.

JEREMY BENTHAM, with a real love of science, bequeathed his body to his friend Dr. Southwood Smith, a kindred spirit and a highly gifted and philosophical writer; and the worthy Doctor took the best possible way of honouring the glorious old philosopher. He had the head, with all the integuments, preserved after the manner of the South Sea Islanders; and he employed a skilful artist to model the face and head, (in a composition), so as to obtain an exact likeness, and to make it resemble the living man. This the artist has succeeded in; the features are placid and reflective, and beam with the purest benevolence and philanthropy, such as once animated the original; and what adds to the illusion is, that Bentham's own hair is fixed on that modelled likeness. It is white and long, and of a particular fine texture, and hangs most gracefully over the shoulders of the divine old man. This work of art is affixed to the real skeleton, which is dressed in the last suit of clothes worn by this illustrious philosopher, and they are stuffed out so as to fill them, and he is placed in a sitting posture, resting the right hand on a stick, and the left hand in a natural and easy posture on his left knee. And to give a finish to the whole, his broad brim hat is placed on his head, just as he was wont to sit on a bench in the Temple Gardens, contemplating some of those truths which only now begin to be appreciated. A plain, solid, richlycoloured Spanish mahogany cabinet incloses the rich relic of one of Nature's genuine nobility, and we gaze on the face of this political prophet through the large plate glass, which is so placed that the light falls on his features, and an observer is almost tempted to speak to him; a pair of folding doors secure the glass from any injury, and exclude the light when there is not a visitor.-Letter in Sheffield Iris.

THE MAGNETIZER OUTWITTED.

The Paris Gazette des Tribunaux relates that an ex-jeweller and amateur of magnetism, enjoying his otium cum dignitate in a suburban villa, at Passy, was lately visited by a young somnambulist calling himself a painter by profession, and who assured him that he had the happiest natural dispositions for the science of the famous Mesmer; that when under the influence of a magnetic fit he could see like a cat in the dark, and that in that state it frequently occurred to him to commence and finish a painting in a single sitting. The delighted magnetizer opened his eyes to their full extent, and appointed the next day for the young stranger to come to his house at Passy and “give a taste of his quality" in the united capacities of somnambulist and painter. Punctual to the hour, the young man arrived with his canvas, pallet, and brushes, and was ushered into the amateur's private cabinet, from which every ray of light was carefully excluded to facilitate the scientific purpose for which it was destined. The painter had stipulated as a sine qua non that when the fit was on him he should be left completely alone in the cabinet, as on such occasions the presence of another person invariably disturbed his attention, and detracted from the merits of his performance as a limner. The necessary disposition having been made, and the fit of somnambulism having been produced to the heart's content of the magnetizer, the latter according to his convention quitted the cabinet, and, turning the key upon the sleeper, left him undisturbed to his operations. At the expiration of about an hour the amateur magnetizer returned, and was met at the door of his cabinet by the young man, who was now perfectly awake, and displayed to his enraptured view an exquisitely painted landscape, the produce of his ecstatic fit! After making a present of this charming production to his delighted host, the young somnambulist took his leave with a promise to return the next day, and repeat the experiment which had been crowned with such complete success. Some three quarters of an hour afterwards the jeweller had some business in his cabinet, into which he admitted a little light, and to his utter stupefaction found that the lock of his secretary had been forced open, and two thousand five hundred francs, in silver and bank notes, with other objects of value, were extracted from the drawers by the clear-sighted somnambulist. He had brought a painting with him, covered with a couche of white lead, over which, when left to himself, he had passed a wet sponge-an expedient to which a large white spot on the floor bore ample testimony. The police were immediately informed of the circumstances of the robbery, the perpetrator of which, however, has for the present baffled their pursuit.

A HIGHWAYMAN OUTWITted. "Stand and deliver," were the words addressed to a tailor travelling on foot, by a highwayman, whose brace of pistols looked rather dangerous than otherwise. "I'll do that with pleasure," was the reply, at the same time handing over to the outstretched hands of the robber, a purse apparently pretty well stocked; but," continued he, "suppose you do me a favour in return. My friends would laugh at me were I to go home and tell them I was robbed with as much patience as a lamb; s'pose you fire your two bulldogs right through the crown of my hat; it will look something like a show of resistance." His request was acceded to; but hardly had the smoke from the discharge of the weapons passed away, when the tailor pulled out a rusty old horse-pistol, and in his turn politely requested the thunder-struck highwayman to shell out everything of value, his pistols not excepted, about him.-Old newspaper.

ETERNITY.

The following beautiful answer was given to the question, "What is eternity?" by a pupil of the Deaf and Dumb School at Paris:-" The lifetime of the Almighty."

A GREAT BOOK A GREAT EVIL.

Myles Davies says, "The smallness of a book was always its recommendation; as, on the contrary, the largeness of a book is its own disadvantage, as well as terror of learning. In short, a big book is a scarecrow to the head and pocket of the author, student, buyer, and seller, as well as a harbour of ignorance."

DEATH.

There is nothing more certain than death, nothing more uncertain than the time of dying. I will therefore be prepared for that at all times, which may come at any time, must come at one time or another. I shall not hasten my death by being still ready, but sweeten it. It makes me not die the sooner, but the better.-Warwick's Spare Minutes.

PRIDE AND VANITY.

Proud people deceive themselves; vain people attempt to deceive others, even when they are not themselves deceived.-Sir Egerton Brydges.

SLEEP OF PLANTS.

Alsine, or chickweed, affords a remarkable instance of the sleep of plants; for every night the leaves approach in pairs so as to include with their upper surfaces the tender rudiments of the new shoots; and the uppermost pair but one at the end of the stalk are furnished with longer leaf-stalks than the others, so that they can close upon the terminating pair, and protect the end of the branch.

WAR.

Our first parent died without making a will, and his children forthwith came to blows, in order to possess themselves of his property; and ever since, disputes have always been settled by violence and war, and always will be, as long as there are states and kingdoms and people.

MISERIES OF INDOLENCE.

None so little enjoy life, and are such burdens to themselves, as those who have nothing to do. The active only have the true relish of life. He who knows not what it is to labour, knows not what it is to enjoy. Recrea tion is only valuable as it unbends us. The idle know nothing of it. It is exertion that renders rest delightful, and sleep sweet and undisturbed. That the happiness of life depends on the regular prosecution of some laudable purpose or calling which engages, helps and enlivens all our powers, let those bear witness, who, after spending years in active usefulness, retire to enjoy themselves. They are a burden to themselves.

WISDOM AND COUurage.

As knowledge, without justice, ought to be called cunning rather than wisdom, so, a mind prepared to meet danger, if excited by its own eager ness, and not the public good, deserves the name of audacity rather than of courage.-Plato.

REVENGE OR FORGIVENESS, WHICH IS THE MOST NOBLE? In taking revenge a man is but even with his enemy; in passing it over, he is his superior.-Bacon.

SEA-BATHING FOR INVALIDS. Horne Tooke ridiculed this practice, and said if any of the seal species were sick, it would be just as wise for a fish-physician to order them to go ashore. Porson declared that sea-bathing was only reckoned healthy, because many persons have been known to survive it. But Sheridan's objection to salt water was the most quaint: Pickles," he said, "don't agree with me."

AN APT RETORT.

In one of the latest days of Fox, the conversation turned on the comparative wisdom of the French and English character. The Frenchman,' it was observed, "delights himself with the present; the Englishman makes himself anxious about the future. Is not the Frenchman the wiser 9" "He may be the merrier," said Fox; "but did you ever hear of a savage who did not buy a mirror in preference to a telescope 4” FRIENDSHIP OF THE WORLD.

When I see leaves drop from their trees in the beginning of autumn, just such, think I, is the friendship of the world. While the sap of maintenance lasts, my friends swarm in abundance; but in the winter of need, they leave me naked. He is a happy man that hath a true friend at his need; but he is more truly happy that hath no need of his friend-Warwick's Spare Minutes.

HE LOVETH WHOM HE CHASTENETH. Lady Errol said she did not use force or fear in educating her children.JOHNSON. This is wrong. I would rather have the rod to be the general terror to all to make them learn than tell a child, "If you do thus or thus you will be most esteemed than your brother or sisters; " a child is afraid of being whipped, and gets his task and there's an end on't; whereas by exciting emulation and comparisons of superiority, you lay the foundation for lasting mischief-you make brothers and sisters hate each other.Boswell's Johnson.

THE PORTRAIT PAINTER.

A portrait painter, entirely without business, was advised by somebody to paint a likeness of himself and wife, sitting under a tree, and hang it up that people may judge of his skill. He did so. One day his father-inlaw came into the shop and spied the new picture. "Pray, son-in-law, who is this woman you have painted here?" Why, sir, 't is your fair daughter." "What!" said the father with some indignation," do you paint my daughter sitting abroad with a stranger?”—Chinese Jests. THE PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE MATTER FROM THE MOST WORTHLESS MATERIALS.

Instances of the production of valuable matter, from the most worthless materials, are constantly occurring. The skins used by the gold-beaters are produced from the offal of animals. The hoofs of horses and cattle, and other horny refuse, are employed in the production of the prussate of potash, that beautiful yellow crystallised salt, which is exhibited in the shops of some of our chemists. The worn out saucepans and tin-ware of our kitchens, when beyond the reach of the tinker's art, are not utterly worthless. We sometimes meet carts loaded with old tin kettles and iron coal-scuttles, traversing our streets. These have not yet completed their useful course; the less corroded parts are cut into strips, punched with small holes, and varnished with a coarse black varnish, for the use of the trunkmaker, who protects the edges and angles of his boxes with them; the remainder are conveyed to the manufacturing chemists in the outskirts of the town, who employ them, in conjunction with pyroligneous acid, in making a black dye for the use of calico printers.-Encyclopædia Britan nica, art. "Manufacture."

No. IX.

HARMONY OF SCRIPTURE AND GEOLOGY. A VESSEL at sea, pursuing its way across the ocean, is, to its passengers and crew, a great and important fact. At a distance a speck appears on the horizon; the practised eye of the sailor recognises it as another fact, but the passengers are, some doubtful, and some indifferent. Gradually the speck increases in volume; masts, sails, and hull, are visible; it is another vessel, and it is bearing right down upon them. "There is danger of a collision, is there not?" eagerly asks a passenger, and the man at the wheel drily replies that there is. The danger becomes more evident and imminent, and the most indifferent become interested. But, at a distance near enough to be perfectly safe, the two vessels cross each other's paths, and the most timid passenger now perceives that the object of his alarm is not an enemy nor a rival, but a friend, bound to the same port with himself, though sailing on a different tack.

New truths in science, when they first appear on the mental horizon, have thus often an ominous aspect to recognised and established opinions. Like the comet, that in 1835 crossed the orbit of the earth within a short period of the earth's arriving at the same point, there seems to be great danger of a contact fatal to the one or the other, or perhaps to both. Experienced minds smile at what they call the foolishness or absurdity of the apprehension of danger; strong minds, or fool-hardy ones, often needlessly provoke the general feeling by their contemptuous or reckless expression of what seems at least paradoxical; and timid but honest minds, in their anxiety to make peace between apparently opposing systems, frequently frame hypotheses which are torn to pieces when stretched upon facts. Meantime the truths themselves are making their own way, and at last, like two lines forming an acute angle, they meet in a point.

The harmony of Scripture and Geology is still in a progressive state. The Bible stands upon its own evidence, like a lighthouse upon a rock, which no storms can overthrow. Geology has also a firm basis; its elementary truths are as incontestibly established as any great fact in natural science. Wherever, therefore, there appears any discrepancy between the Bible and Geology, we may rest assured that the discrepancy is not with the truths themselves, but in our interpretations of them. The case of Galileo is often quoted as an example, a memorable example, of the intolerance of ignorance. There can be no doubt that many minds most honestly dreaded the new truths in astronomy, and cordially acquiesced in the judgment of the inquisitors, who pronounced, "To affirm that the sun is in the centre, absolutely immovable, and without locomotion, is an absurd proposition, false in sound philosophy, and moreover heretical, because it is expressly contrary to Holy Scripture. To say that the earth is not placed in the middle of the world, nor immovable, is also a proposition absurd and false in sound philosophy; and, considered theologically, is at least erroneous with respect to faith." We can now afford to smile at thisbut would we have done so in the days of Galileo?

The first great fact in geology (the word geology is derived from two Greek words, signifying a discourse or description of

VOL. I.

[PRICE TWOPENCE.

the structure of the earth) is now received as a truth by all men of all parties. This truth is, that the earth was in existence, ages, perhaps myriads of ages, before the creation of man. Turning to the first chapter of Genesis, we find there nothing to contradict this. "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth." It is a simple announcement of a great fact. "It does not," says Dr. Pye Smith, "tell us when the beginning was; it assures us that at a point in duration past which we cannot ascertain, that point in infinite duration which to the wisdom of the great God seemed best, he was pleased to unfold the majesty of his attributes, and to give existence to a dependent world." "In that remote period," says Professor Silliman, (an American, whose name as a Christian and a man of science is known and honoured in Britain,)—" of which he who recorded the fact probably knew not the date-In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, and established the physical laws, the ordinances of heaven, by which the material world was to be governed."

Admitting, then, that the first verse of Genesis simply affirms God to be the Creator, without reference to the time of creation, how do we get at the fact of the existence of the earth long prior to the existence of man? The following is one of Professor Silliman's illustrations, in answer to this question. "When, in 1738, the workmen, in excavating a well, struck upon the theatre of Herculaneum, which had reposed, for seventeen centuries, beneath the lava of Vesuvius,—when, subsequently,(1750,) Pompeii was disencumbered of its volcanic ashes and cinders, and thus two cities were brought to light: had history been quite silent respecting their existence, as it was respecting their destruction, would not all observers say, (and have not all actually said)—here are the works of man, his temples, his forums, his amphitheatres, his tombs, his shops of traffic and of arts, his houses, furniture, pictures, and personal ornaments, his streets with their pavements, and wheel-marks worn in the solid stone, his coins, his grinding mills, his very wine and food, his dungeons, with skeletons of the prisoners chained in their awful solitudes, and here and there a victim, who, although at liberty, was overtaken by the fiery storm?

"Because the soil had formed, and grass and trees had grown, and successive generations of men had unconsciously walked, toiled, or built their houses, over the entombed cities; and because they were covered with lava or cinders,—does any one hesitate to admit, that they were once real cities, that they stood upon what was then the upper surface, that their streets once rang with the noise of business, and their halls and theatres with the voice of pleasure; and that in an evil hour they were overwhelmed by the eruptions of Vesuvius, and their name and place blotted out from the earth and forgotten?

K