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new order, of which every member was, by gratitude, interest and prejudice, attached to Dunstan as its founder and patron. In the following reign he suffered a temporary check, and lived four years in exile, but, on the accession of Edgar, he had full scope for the exercise of his projects. He was recalled to court, became the King's confidential minister, and in a short time was promoted to be bishop of Worcester, then to the see of London; and ultimately to be Archbishop of Canterbury and the Pope's Legate. Invested with the highest functions both of civil and ecclesiastical government, Dunstan proceeded vigorously in the exaltation of his order, and he appears, while he augmented their wealth and power, to have reformed the disorders of the Anglo-Saxon church. He was zealously and munificently supported by Edgar, and the provisions of the Benedictine rule were followed up in all their strictness. The secular clergy suffered severely in consequence. Under Dunstan's guidance the kingdom flourished exceedingly, and in this reign all the minor princes of the island acknowledged Edgar's Sovereignty.

Dunstan sustained his influence on the accession of Edward II., on which occasion the crown being disputed, the secular and monastic clergy were again in conflict. The opponents of Dunstan were confounded by two events which the superstition of the age attributed to the miraculous interposition of Heaven. During a stormy synod held in the cathedral at Winchester, a crucifix in the wall is said by the biographers of the saint to have received the gift of speech, and to have pronounced the divine will in favour of the monastic order. And in a council summoned at Calne, in Wiltshire, where the claims of the rival orders were violently debated, Dunstan had just declared that he committed the protection of the church to Christ, when the floor of the council chamber suddenly gave way at the end on which the opponents of the monastic order were collected; and being precipitated to the earth below, they were all either killed or dangerously hurt, while the archbishop and his friends remained uninjured. Some writers have ascribed this to the preparation of Dunstan, but the difficulties of such a contrivance render it doubtful. True it is, he improved the accident and counterfeited a miracle, which corresponds with other incidents of his life. The close of Dunstan's ambitious and busy career was of undiminished prosperity. He ended a long and prosperous life in 989, in time to escape the calamities of war and foreign invasion, in which the country was soon after plunged in the reign of Ethelred II.

Most of the monkish writers make a conjuror of this busy prelate. Fuller, who had consulted them all, tells us that he was an excellent musician, which was a qualification very necessary to ecclesiastical preferment, for, he adds, "preaching, in those days, could not be heard for singing in churches." The superior knowledge of Dunstan in music was numbered among his crimes; for, being accused of magic to the king, it was urged against him that he had constructed, by the help of the devil, (probably before he had taken him by the nose,) a harp, that not only moved of itself, but played without ar L uman assistance. With all his violence and ambition, it ma talents; since it is a that he was not only and statuary. It is!

posed that he was a man of genius and

by the least monkish of his historians,

lent musician, but a notable painter,

upon record, that he cast two of the bells of Abingdon Abbey with his own hands. (Monast. Anglic. tom. i. p. 101.) And, according to William of Malmsbury, who wrote about 1120, the Saxons had organs in their churches before the Conquest. He says that in the reign of Edgar, Dunstan gave an organ to the abbey of Malmsbury, which, by his description, very much resembled that in present use. He adds, that this benefaction of Dunstan's was inscribed in a Latin distich on the organ pipes. "No eircumstance," says a modern writer, "can more impressively attest the superiority of Dunstan's attainments than having been accused, while at court, of demoniacal arts. Such charges give demonstration of the talents and knowledge of the person so accused. In the very same century, another man of eminence suffered under a similar imputation, because he had made a sphere, invented clocks, and attempted a telescope. Many thought Dunstan mad; but, as his madness was systematical, persevering, and popular, it was soon recognised to be prophetic intuition. His aris to perpetuate his power and popularity cannot now be detailed, but they may be conjectured by one faculty which he claimed, sad which has been transmitted to us from his own authority. This was his power of conversing with the spiritual world. "I can relate one thing from himself," says his contemporary biographer, "that though he lives confined by a veil of flesh, yet, whether awake or asleep, he was always abiding with the powers above."

LINES

ADDRESSED TO MY ROCKING-CHAIR.* BLESSINGS on the invention fair That first contrived the rocking chair,

For wakeful ease or slumber! Oft, with a fervour ever new,

I've blest mine own, long-tried and true, In past hours without number.

Friend at all seasons! how I love,
When morning o'er the earth doth move,
Like some angelic creature,
Seated within thy tranquil place,
To greet with smiles her joyous face,
And read each glowing feature!

Or when, with full and staring eye, The mid-day sun, in cloudless sky,

Like well-fed furnace blazes, Safe nestled in thy shaded nook, To speed the needle's task, or look Into thought's mystic mazes.

And oftener still, when pensive eve,
Like some pale nun, her cell doth leave,
And takes her silent station

At the frail grate, where day and night
Meet hand in hand, and in Heaven's sight
Pay willing adoration.

Then, wrapt in dreams, my heart will float,
Like voyager in fairy boat

To the blue vault ideal;
Till, quite forgetful of its strife,

I slip, as 't were, the noose of life,
And dwell in worlds unreal.

Yet deem not, when calm Reason calls,
And from the height my spirit falls,

Where idle fancies centre,
That shades of discontent e'er pass
Across my mind's transparent glass,

Or aught like dark thoughts enter.

Oh, no!—within thy still domain,

I count the joys, not few nor vain,
Born with substantial being;
"Till to a livelier flame I fan
Warm gratitude, and rise, some plan
Of good in all things seeing.

Then come at will, ideal bliss! Thou 'It always find a welcome kiss

From one that dearly loves thee: Yet, if thou choose to stay away, Believe me-oh, bewitching fay!—

Thine absence will not move me.

For, better than all fancied wealth,
Rich in kind friends and much-prized health,
With peace-best gift of Heaven!
Books, quiet, leisure, free from care,
Seated within my rocking-chair,

What need that more be given?

-From "The Knickerbocker" New York Magazine.

* The Americans commonly use easy chairs mounted on rockers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCARLET FEVER.

A FEW preliminary observations on the opinions popularly entertained of scarlet fever, will materially assist us in explaining, more clearly, the peculiar characteristics of this disease. From the maternal part of the community we are yet most desirous of claiming particular attention, as the subject upon which we are now about to treat is deserving of their earnest consideration; for, with the exception of the small-pox, not one of the diseases incident to childhood carries occasionally into families so much sorrow, anguish, and desolation.

The terms scarlatina, and scarlet fever, convey to many individuals the idea of two distinct meanings; scarlatina being often regarded as a disorder of a light and trifling nature, exhibiting a slight redness, or efflorescence of the skin, and supposed not to offer protection against an attack of scarlet fever. How frequently, indeed, do we hear in reply to the inquiry, Has such a child had scarlet fever? No-but she has had scarlatina; whereas the terms are in fact synonymous, that is, signifying one and the same disorder-scarlatina being the mere technical name for scarlet fever; therefore, in proceeding, we may be permitted to use the words indefinitely, supposing ourselves to be understood as treating of the same identical disease.

ourselves more amply rewarded, than in witnessing our constant but feeble efforts sanctioned by the all-healing power of Providence, Our patient gradually but slowly recovered, and is now happy sufficiently reinstated in health to return to his ordinary business, and to superintend the responsible duties of a kind husband and father. We have here plainly exhibited the different effects the same disease may have on the various members of one family: the mother, nursemaid, and five children, passing through the disease so mildly as not to be known, except to the medical prac titioner, whilst the father was so severely attacked, that great doubts were at one period of the disorder entertained of his recovery, which was lingering and tedious.

Scarlet fever, like measles, small-pox, and hooping-cough, is considered to be propagated by contagion, and, generally speaking, only attacks once during life; yet in this, as in other diseases, there are exceptions to the rule. But we are convinced such in. stances do not frequently occur; indeed Dr. Willan stated that he never saw a second attack upon the same individual amongst the number of two thousand patients, whom he had attended in scarlatina.

The usual symptoms preceding this disease is slight shivering, but frequently in children this is unobserved, and even adults will say, that they merely felt a little cold and chilly. When this irregular shivering is observed, it will be followed in a few hours by nausea and sometimes vomiting, heat of the skin, quick pulse, thirst, headache, and even delirium at this early period has been noticed; the throat becomes uneasy and sore, and there is fre.

one, two, or three days; but generally on the second day the skin on the face, neck, and chest, will appear covered with minute red points, which in twenty-four hours extend over the whole surface, covering the body with a diffuse redness, resembling the colour of a salmon, when the fish is in high season. The skin is now, especially in the severer cases, very dry and pungently hot; the tongue is either covered with a white fur, as if cream was spread over it, through which many minute red points appear, or it is clean, smooth, and red. There is difficulty of swallowing, arising from soreness of the throat, and an enlargement of its glands; the voice is altered and hoarse; and frequently there is a secretion of tenacious mucus or phlegm from the throat, which is distressing, from the difficulty experienced in expelling it. Towards the evening, the symptoms increase, and delirium during the night is not unfrequent. Some complain of an intolerable pricking sensation, and will describe it as if thousands of needles were running into them.

Amongst the various affections of the skin there is one called Roseola, and this, we believe, is often mistaken for, or confounded with, scarlatina. It is frequently caused by the irritation of teething, derangement of the bowels, accompanied by slight fever, and either generally or partially covering the skin with a rash of a rosequently stiffness of the neck. These symptoms may continue for colour; sometimes it continues for a night only; in other cases it appears for several days, but is not attended with the peculiar appearance of the tongue, or the peeling off of the skin at the decline of the rash, which accompanies and follows scarlatina. “ Roseola," observes a recent author," has not unfrequently, especially by the older writers, been mistaken for reasles, or scarlatina; hence probably originated the notion which many entertain, that scarlatina, unlike other exanthematous fevers," (attended by cutaneous eruptions arising from specific contagion,) may occur more than once in the same individual." Indeed, scarlatina was not accurately described as a distinct disease until the last half century; even the most talented of the faculty confounding it with other skin affections; and it remained for Dr. Withering, who published an essay first in 1778, and again in 1793, to describe it as a distinct disease. Before we attempt to delineate the symptoms which precede and attend scarlatina, we may observe, that this disease assumes various characters, according to the different seasons in which it prevails. In some seasons it is very mild, in others it is equally virulent and destructive of life; even when it exists as a mild epidemic, we generally hear instances of one or two families being attacked by it with so much violence as to prove fatal to some. Individuals of the same family, having the disease at the same time, may suffer very differently; in demonstration of which we give the following instance :

A few months since, we were requested to attend a young lady who had a sore throat; on examining the throat and noticing the appearance of the tongue, we inquired if any redness of the skin had been observed? or if she had ever had scarlatina? Her mother (who is peculiarly watchful of any illness, of either her children or her servants) replied, that all her children, consisting of five, had been poorly; the nursemaid had likewise been ill, and she herself had suffered from a sore throat; but considering that the general indisposition which had prevailed in her family was merely the effects of slight colds, she had only treated it as such, by administering a little aperient medicine. We then more minutely examined our patient, and discovered a desquamation, or peeling off of the skin; and on requesting to see the others, we readily recognised the sequelæ of the disease, especially in the nursemaid, who had remaining that peculiar dropsical affection of the skin which is a frequent follower of scarlatina; we had therefore no hesitation in pronouncing all the invalids to have had that disease. A few days afterwards we were sent for to visit the father of the family, a man of the most sober and regular habits, who had only the day previous been attending to his usual avocations; he was evidently likewise labouring under an attack of scarlet fever, but of a much more virulent nature than that through which his family had so favourably passed. Fever of the severest symptoms set in instantly. In a few hours, from being apparently in health, he was unable to raise his hand to his head; and for several days it was a struggle between life and death.

This gentleman we watched with anxious care, and seldom in the exercise of our profession have we been more gratified, or felt

The irruption may be regarded at its height on the fourth day, on the fifth it begins to disappear from the parts first affected, on the sixth it is more indistinct, and on the eighth, it has ceased to be perceptible. On the morning of the sixth day the skin begins to peel off from the face and neck, where the rash first appeared, and continues to do so, progressively, from other parts of the body, until the ninth or tenth day. The various symptoms accompany. ing the rash, gradually disappear with the redness; but the threat may continue sore; the tongue remain red, smooth, and clean, for some days. Languor and great debility follow the severe cases, from which, however, the recovery is more rapid than might te expected, provided the internal organs have escaped inflammatory action.

The symptoms just described are such as occur in what is termed a smart attack of the disease; but the reader will perceive, from what has been previously stated, that it often assumes a much milder form, running its course so favourably as almost to escape notice. Would that it generally did so; but, unhappily, at certain seasons, when scarlet fever is generally prevalent, it is a violent, destructive, and very unmanageable disease. It is not, however, our intention to take the reader through all its varieties, as we write for maternal information; sufficient, we trust, has been stated, to afford a general knowledge of the symptoms preceding and accom panying scarlatina.

We believe many individuals consider that the hidden laws which govern contagion must of necessity be known to medical men ; and it is probable that some in the profession may assist in sustaining the delusion; be this as it may, we are oftentimes questioned, first, how long the contagion may remain dormant, after it is imbibed into the system? Second, when a person who has passed through the disease, ceases to communicate the contagion to those who have hitherto escaped its attack? Our opinion is, that very little is yet known of contagion generally, or the laws which direct specific contagion; therefore, when the above questions are put to us, we candidly acknowledge our inability to afford the desired

information. Indeed, many instances might be offered to prove how indefinite the period may be in both cases; and the hazard of giving a decided opinion will be illustrated by the following fact. We attended, a few years since, two children in a gentleman's family, who bad, simultaneously, scarlet fever: the cases were severe, but both happily recovered. The nursemaid remained in the room day and night, administering to all their wants. She said she had never had the disease, nevertheless was not deterred from the performance of her duty. Three weeks afterwards, the family removed to the sea-side, leaving the maid in town: they remained absent six or seven weeks; and, a fortnight after their return, the nursemaid was taken ill, and had a severe attack of scarlet fever. From what has been suggested to parents, iu former articles, in this Journal, on the diseases of childhood, we are inclined to hope, that the necessity of carefully watching the first approach of inflammation taking place in any of the internal organs, will be deeply impressed on their recollection. The disease now under our consideration, urgently demands the adoption of suitable remedies on the first evidence of local or internal inflammation.

On the general management of scarlatina we shall say but litte. The treatment in so varying a disease must be left to professional judgment and discretion. Yet, before concluding, we would willingly direct attention to the beneficial effects of frequently ventilating the bed chamber, and allowing a current of cool air to pass round the patient; also by sponging the body with cold water, when the skin is dry and hot. Discernment and professional knowledge are requisite to direct when sponging should take place, and we hope it will only be done by advice of the practitioner. In early life, we had an opportunity of witnessing the effects of the application of cold water to the surface, when scarlatina was epidemic in a branch of the public service, and with such marked benefit, that we have regretted that prejudice has often prevented our using the like means so frequently in private life as we could have desired. The testimony of Dr. Bateman will, we trust, tend in some degree, to dissipate the prejudice which we have had to contend against; for which purpose we extract the following strong

commendation from his work on Cutaneous Diseases.

"We are possessed," says Dr. Bateman, of no physical agent, as far as my experience has taught me, (not excepting even the use of blood-letting in acute inflammation,) by which the functions of the animal economy are controlled with so much certainty, safety, and promptitude, as by the application of cold water to the skin under the augmented heat of scarlatina and some other fevers. This expedient combines in itself all the medicinal properties which are indicated in this state of disease, and which we should scarcely, à priori, expect it to possess; for it is not only the most effectual febrifuge, but is, in fact, the only sudorific and anodyne which will not disappoint the expectation of the practitioner under these circumstances. I have had the satisfaction, in numerous instances, of witnessing the immediate improvement of the symptoms, and the rapid change in the countenance of the patient, produced by washing the skin. Invariably, in the course of a few minutes, the pulse has been diminished in frequency, the thirst has abated, the tongue has become moist, a general free perspiration has broken forth, the skin has become soft and cool, and the eyes have brightened; and these indications of relief have been speedily followed by a calm and refreshing sleep. In all these respects, the condition of the patient presented a complete contrast to that which preceded the cold washing; and his languor was exchanged for a considerable share of vigour. The morbid heat, it is true, when thus removed, is liable to return, and with it the distressing symptoms; but a repetition of the remedy is followed by the same beneficial

effects as at first."

Reader, let us repeat, that this simple remedy requires, and demands, the judgment of professional knowledge before it is employed.

DRYING OF STUFFS.

AN apparatus has been invented by MM. Penzoldt and Levesque, for the rapid drying of stuffs of all kinds, without fire or pressure. It consists of a double drum, which turns on its axis at the rate of four thousand times in a minute. The stuffs are placed in it as they come out of the water, and, by the effect of rotation, the water contained between the threads is carried towards the external covering of the drum, which is bored with holes. Woollen stuffs are thus dried in less than three minutes, when the apparatus is small; and in eight minutes when it is larger. Flax and cotton stuffs require a short exposure to the air after being taken from the drum.-Athenæum.

A VISIT TO BOWOOD. THOUGH the Marquis of Lansdowne had told me in London that he regretted that I should not be able to see the pictures of Bowood, because it was under repair, I would not pass so near this celebrated seat without visiting it. I therefore set out on the following morning in a single-horse carriage, here called a fly. As you approach Bowood, the ground becomes more unequal, the vegetation richer and more luxuriant. There is a long drive through the park, which is thickly wooded with lofty trees, before you reach the mansion. Being situated on a considerable eminence, which commands the country far and wide, and built in the noble and cheerful Italian style, it has a surprisingly beautiful appearance. On closer inspection, I was particularly pleased at a certain irregularity in the disposition of the considerable group of buildings, which produces a number of agreeable combinations, and makes the architecture harmonize in a picturesque manner with the surrounding scenery. The principal edifice, which, from its grand proportions, has a very stately appearance, is joined on the right side, but standing rather back, by a wing only one story high and of great length, more in the style of a villa, with a long open colonnade. On the terrace before it, is an elegant flower-garden, divided into regular beds. The wall of the colonnade is adorned with larger plants: myrtles, pomegranates, passion-flowers, all in full blossom. On entering the colonnade, I was surrounded by innu merable flowers, which filled the air with their fragrance. Behind this is the chapel, and, in two beautiful large apartments, the library. In one of them the book-cases are ornamented with elegant imita tions of Greek vases, and in the other by very good bronzes, after the most celebrated antiques. On the other side of the main building, instead of a wing corresponding with this in tiresome symmetry, there is another shorter wing, adjoining the back front, before which, in the angle that it forms, is another flower-garden, but more retired and private. The prospect from the house is singularly fine. At the foot of the gently-sloping hill, a lake of considerable extent spreads out in two beautifully-winding branches, the opposite bank of which rises again, and is thickly covered, like this, with the finest timber. Further on, the view is bounded by fruitful plains, closed in with a hill.

I accepted with the g eatest pleasure the kind offer of Lady Lansdowne, to let the gardener show me the pleasure-grounds. We first went into the kitchen-garden, surrounded with a high wall, where everything is reared which England, that is so far advanced in the cultivation of vegetables, produces. But in the grounds, extending over seventy acres of land, I learned what art, in union with a situation favoured by nature, and a mild climate, is able to effect. The advantages of the lofty and most vigorous of the native trees, such as the oak, the ash, and the beech, are here happily united with the most various trees and shrubs of southern vegetation. Cedars of Lebanon, in their solemn majesty, melancholy cypresses, laurels, cork, oaks, cheerful arbutus, and tulip trees, and many others, are joined, with the most refined taste, in thick masses, in large or small independent groups, and afford the most manifold variations, of completely secluded forest solitude, of a confined view from the mysterious gloom to the remote horizon, to the richest and most various views of single parts of the garden, to the mirror of the lake, with its beautiful chain of hills, and then far into the country beyond it. I admired in particular the taste for the picturesque, with which care had been taken to form beautifully graduated middle distances, and with which the whole was again united by the velvety lawn, which is kept in the most admirable order. The bright sunshine, now and then interrupted by shadows of passing clouds, produced the most diversified and striking effects of light and shade; so that, revelling in the enjoyment of the scenery, I passed some of the happiest hours of my life. Here, too, I was destined to be reconciled to artificial waterfalls, to which I am otherwise a declared enemy.-Dr. Waagen's Art and Artists in England.

THE PLEASURE OF STUDY.

I HAVE found that there is no mental pleasure like dwelling intensely for a time on one topic or one task; and that distraction and dispersion lead to fatigue and ennui. Nothing can ever be superfluous which contains sound sense, or elevated or tender and virtuous sentiment, expressed with manliness and force. It is affectation which runs everything; and I call everything affectation which is imitated, but most of all which is mimicked.-Sir E. Brydges.

THE TRUE POET.

The true poet seeks to exemplify moral truths by the rays of an inventive imagination. There is implanted in him a spiritual being, which adds to the material world another creation invisible to vulgar eyes.-Brydges.

THE SHAWANESE INDIANS.

The Shawanese are the only tribe among all our Indians who claim for themselves a foreign origin. Most of the aborigines believe their forefathers ascended from holes in the earth, and many of them assign a local habitation to these traditionary places of nativity of their race; reminding us of some of the legends of antiquity, and derived perhaps from that remote period when barbarous tribes were troglodytes, subsisting upon the spontaneous productions of the earth. The Shawanese believe their ancestors inhabited a foreign land, which, from some unknown cause, they determined to abandon. They collected their people together, and marched to the sea-shore. Here various persons were selected to lead them; but they declined the duty, until it was undertaken by one of the Turtle tribe. He placed himself at the head of the procession, and walked into the sea. waters immediately divided, and they passed along the bottom of the ocean, until they reached this "Island." The Shawancse have one institution peculiar to themselves. Their nation was originally divided into twelve tribes or bands, bearing different names. Each of these tribes was subdi

The

vided, in the usual manner, into families of the Eagle, the Turtle, &c.; these animals constituting their totems. Two of these tribes have become extinct, and their names are forgotten. The names of the other ten are preserved, but only four of these are now kept distinct. Of the six whose names are preserved, but whose separate characters are lost, no descendants of one of them now survive. The remains of the other five have become incorporated with the four existing tribes. To this day, each of the four sides of their council-houses is assigned to one of these tribes, and invariably occupied by it. To us they appear the same people, but they profess to possess the power of discerning, at sight, to which tribe an individual belongs.-History of the Indians in North America.

PAINTING.

Painting is the intermediate somewhat between a thought and a thing.Coleridge.

MR. TIMMS OF THE TREASURY.

A clerk of the Treasury dined at the Beef-steak Club, where he sat next to a noble Duke, who conversed freely with him. Meeting his Grace in the street some days afterwards, and encouraged by his previous familiarity, he accosted him with-" Ah! my lord, how d'ye do?" The Duke looked surprised. "May I know, sir, to whom I have the honour of speaking?""Oh! why-don't you know? We dined at the Beef-steak Club-I'ın Mr. Timms of the Treasury." "Then," said the Duke, turning on his heel, "Mr. Timms of the Treasury, I wish you a very good morning!"

EFFECTS OF STEAM NAVIGATION.-EGGS.-FEATHERS. The value, in money, of one seemingly unimportant article, eggs, taken in the course of the year to the above two ports from Ireland, amounts to at least 100,000. The progress of this trade affords a curious illustration of the advantage of commercial facilities in stimulating production and equalising prices. Before the establishment of steam-vessels, the market at Cork was most irregularly supplied with eggs from the surrounding district: at certain scasons they were exceedingly abundant and cheap, but these seasons were sure to be followed by periods of scarcity and high prices, and at times it is said to have been difficult to purchase eggs at any price in the market. At the first opening of the improved channel for conveyance to England, the residents at Cork had to complain of the constant high price of this and other articles of farm produce; but, as a more extensive market was now permanently open to them, the farmers gave their attention to the rearing and keeping of poultry, and at the present time eggs are procurable at all seasons in the market at Cork; not, it is true, at the extremely low rate at which they could formerly be sometimes bought, but still at much less than the average price of the year. A like result has followed the introduction of this great improvement in regard to the supply and cost of various articles of produce. In the apparently unimportant article, feathers, it may be stated, on the respectable authority above quoted, that the yearly importation into England from Ireland reaches the amount of 500,0007. -Porter's Progress of the Nation.

LUTHER'S STATUE AT WITTENBERG.

The town-house of Wittenberg is as venerable as dilapidation and weatherstains can make it. In front stands a bronze statue of Luther, by Schadow, under a gothic canopy of iron, and inscribed perhaps with a double allusion:

Ist's Gottes werk, so wird's bestehen;
Ist's menschen's, so wird's untergehen.
If God's work, it will aye endure;
If man's, 'tis not a moment sure.

The divine spirit of genius within the statue will scarce render it immortal: clumsy and characteristic, it expresses the massive vulgarity of Luther's mind well, but destroys all reverence for the original, and makes affection ridiculous: if Protestant art keeps to this unamiable style in representing sanctified personages, image worship is impossible, and the Virgin herself might be admitted into our churches without fear of producing one idolator. Yet Schadow ranks high among German sculptors.-Athenæum.

SILENCE NOT ALWAYS A MARK OF WISDOM. Silence does not always mark wisdom. I was at dinner some time ago, in company with a man who listened to me, and said nothing for a long time; but he nodded his head, and I thought him intelligent. At length, towards the end of the dinner, some apple dumplings were placed on the table, and my man had no sooner seen them than he burst forth with, "Them's the jockeys for me!" I wish Spurzheim could have examined the fellow's head Coleridge.

COUNSEL OF PYTHAGORAS.

It was the wise counsel of Pythagoras-" Dig not up fire with a sword:"" that is, "Provoke not a person already swoln with anger by petulant and evil speeches."-Wieri Opera.

INDIAN OPINION RESPECTING WASHINGTON.

It is related that, when, fifteen years after Braddock's unfortunate expedition, in which Washington served, he went westward a second time, on an exploring tour to the Ohio river, a company of Indians came to them, with an interpreter, at the head of whom was an aged and venerable chief. This personage made known to them, by the interpreter, that, hearing Colonel Washington was in that region, he had come a long way to visit him; adding that, during the battle of the Monongahela, he had singled him out as a conspicuous object, fired his rifle at him many times, and directed his young warriors to do the same, but, to his utter astonishment, none of their balls took effect. He was then persuaded that the youthful hero was under the especial guardianship of the Great Spirit, and ceased to fire at him any longer. He was now come to pay homage to the man who was the particular favourite of Heaven, and who could never die in battle.-Spark's Life of Washington.

THE ARAB STEED.

The Bedouins appear as kind and gentle to the brute creation as they are to one another, and their fond attachment to their horses is proverbial, D'Arvieux tells us a most interesting story of an Arab, who had been obliged to sell his mare, making very frequently a long journey to come and see her. "I have seen him," says he, "cry with tenderness, whilst kissing and caressing her. He would embrace her, would wipe her eyes with his handkerchief, rub her with his shirt-sleeves, and give her a thousand blessings. My eyes,' would he say to her, my soul, my heart! must I be so unfortunate as to have thee sold to so many masters, and not to keep thee myself? I am poor, my antelope! I have brought thee up like a child; I never beat nor chid thee. God preserve thee, my dearest! Thu art pretty, thou art sweet, thou art lovely! God defend thee from the looks of the envious.'”—Addison's Damascus and Palmyra.

TACITURNITY.

Metellus was once asked by a young centurion, "What design he had now in hand?" who told him, that, if he thought his own shirt was privy to any part of his counsel, he would immediately pluck it off, and burn it.—

Plutarch.

ETYMOLOGY.

Few have ever looked to the French word "allons" for the derivation of the English "along" (come along); yet it is the same in sound and meaning. Andrews' Anecdotes.

TRAVELLING IN 1708.

I went directly to Mrs. Goodman: she seemed startled when I told her I was come to take my leave of her, and that I was to set out in the Canterbury stage at four o'clock next morning; that my things had already gone to the Star inn on Fish-street Hill, where I was to lic; and that it would give me great pleasure if she would favour me with her company to breakfast at the Green Man on Blackheath, where the stage would stop, and the faithfully promised. I set out immediately for one in the neighbourhood passengers breakfast, but that she must be there by nine o'clock: this she

who let out coaches, and agreed with him for a chariot and four, and took my leave. Next morning, when I came to the coach, there were but two lady passengers. I perceived that one of them was a woman of fortune, having two servants in livery on horseback, and the other her waitingmaid. Being come to the Green Man, the chariot soon came with Mrs. Goodman, who brought another lady with her. I gave the coachman a shilling to drink, desiring him to let us have as much time as he could spare, which he promised. We staid about an hour and a half, then we took leave of my cousin and her companion.--Memoirs of Capt. Peter Drake.

DANGEROUS.

A young man, having cut his finger, sent for a physician, who, after examining the wound, requested his servant to run as fast as possible, and to get him a certain plaster. "Oh my!” cried the patient, "is the danger so great?" Yes," was the reply: "if the fellow don't run fast, I'm afraid the cut will be well before he gets back."-New York Mirror.

A MIRACLE.

An old Irish beggarman, pretending to be dumb, was utterly disconcerted by the sudden question, "How many years have you been dumb?" "Five years, last St. John's Eve, please your honour."-Old Newspaper.

London: WILLIAM SMITH, 113, Fleet Street. Edinburgh: FRASER & Co. Dublin: CURRY & Co.-Printed by Bradbury & Evans, Whitefriars.

THE

No. XIV.

FIFTH

PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET.

THE BRITISH NAVY.

SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1839.

ARTICLE.-DIMENSIONS AND VALUE OF A SEVENTYDESCRIPTION AND WEIGHT OF THE

FOUR GUN SHIP. PRINCIPAL MATERIALS.

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BEFORE leaving harbour, some description of our ship's dimen

sions and the principal materials on board will doubtless be acceptable to the reader. The burthen then is 1741 tons, length on deck 176 feet, extreme breadth 48 feet 2 inches, depth in hold 21 feet, draught of water, (that is, portion immersed,) about 22 feet. 180,000 feet of timber are used in the fabric, and of this,

nearly 3000 loads, or 150,000 feet, are oak; it requires two thousand well-grown trees, of two tons weight each, to produce this quantity, and supposing them to grow at two rods apart, or forty on each statute acre, the produce of fifty acres is consumed in constructing a ship of this class. The part immersed is covered with 3206 sheets

of copper, weighing 12 tons 14 cwt., and the total value of the vessel, when completely furnished for foreign service, is £90,000.

The expense of maintaining the crew in wages and victuals is £27,500 per annum.

All vessels from 64 to 120 guns are called indifferently Ships of the Line, Liners, or Line of Battle Ships. Those distinguished as two-deckers, have two complete batteries from end to end, independent of lighter guns in other positions, and they are rated from 60 to 90 guns. Three-deckers have three unbroken batteries on each side of the ship, besides the guns on the quarter-deck, poop, and forecastle.

But every ship-of-war has another deck between that which sustains the lower battery, and the hold, called the orlop-deck; the fore part of which is occupied by the gunner, boatswain, and carpenter's store-rooms, and the fore cock-pit, around which the cabins of those officers are situated. Next to the fore cock-pit are the cable tiers on each side, wherein the hempen cables are coiled, the middle part being occupied by the room for stowing the spare sails, called the sail room; for every ship carries to sea a complete suit of sails, consisting of three of each principal sort, so as always to have two in reserve-and two of the lighter sorts, leaving one Next to the tiers is the after cock-pit, surrounded by in reserve. the cabins of the surgeon, purser, and marine officer-the dispensary, and several store-rooms; and at the foot of the ladder which

messes.

communicates with the deck above, is situated the purser's stewards'-room, where provisions are weighed out to the different The scene presented on these occasions is not unlike that so graphically described by Smollett in Roderick Random nearly a century ago, except that greater order and cleanliness are now apparent in this and every part of a ship-of-war.

Under the orlop-deck, the ballast, coals, chain cables, water, and Ships of 60 guns now only exist in the navies of Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, their light draught of water fitting them better than larger vessels for the Baltic and North Seas. They have been excluded from the British and French navies.

VOL. I.

[PRICE TWOPENCE.

provisions, are stowed in holds, which are divided into compartments, called the coal-hole, fore, main, and after holds, spirit and breadrooms. The heaviest substances are placed as near the middle as possible, and at each extremity the powder is stored in the fore and after magazines, which are approached by passages, and secured by strong doors, never opened until every fire and light in the ship, except the argand lamp which lights the magazine, (the socket of which is surrounded with water,) have been carefully extinguished. The holds are entered by hatchways, (open spaces about seven feet square,) and with the exception of the fore and main holds, in which nothing but ballast and water are stowed, the hatches which cover these are locked down, and never opened but at stated periods, in presence of the proper officers.

line, a space of about five feet wide is left next to the ship's side As the orlop-deck is only partially immersed below the water all around it, and here the carpenter and his crew take their post in battle, ready to plug up holes made by shot near to or under the water line, technically called "between wind and water;" and particularly when the ship was inclined over by the pressure of the which would, if not stopped, admit leakage to a dangerous extent, wind on her sails. The sides of the orlop-deck are frequently whitewashed, particularly in warm climates.

The next deck above the orlop is called the "lower deck;" on this the heaviest battery of cannon is arranged, consisting of fourteen guns on each side, reaching from one end to the other. The deck is aired and lighted by port-holes, (open spaces two feet nine high by three feet five broad,) through which the guns are pointed when discharged; but as these are not more than six feet above the water's edge when the ship is stored, and would admit water, if not filled up when the vessel was inclined by the wind, or the sea high,

they are covered with hanging shutters called ports, which may be opened and shut at pleasure; and the joints being lined with thick flannel, are, when barred down, nearly water-tight, and strong enough to resist the force of the elements. For greater convenience, these ports have small apertures called scuttles, which admit the air when opened, and also strong pieces of glass called bull's-eyes, which at all times admit the light.

It is on this lower deck that the whole ship's company are messed and berthed, with the exception of the captain, the wardmen" who sleep in the cockpit and the tiers. and warrant officers, who occupy cabins, and the "gentle

room,

The seamen's mess tables are placed between the guns, beginning in the fore part of the ship; and adjoining them and extending to the gun-room (the gentlemen's mess place) are the marines. The

hammocks (beds) are suspended from the beams, being eighteen or twenty inches asunder; a small space, but as every alternate one belongs to the watch on deck, and therefore vacant, it is found sufficient. These hammocks are a kind of sack, suspended at each end, and in the morning they are lashed up in a long roll something in the form of a bolster, carried on deck, and stowed around the quarter-deck, waist, and forecastle, in painted cloths which protect them from the wet. The junior lieutenant's and chaplain's cabins are on each side of the gun-room, and there is a partition called a

P

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