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8. No act of the General Assembly shall be in force until it shall have been published in print, unless in cases of emergency.

9. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the State of Indiana, and sealed with the State seal, and signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary of the State.

10. There shall be elected in each county a recorder, who shall hold his office during the term of seven years, if he shall so long behave well: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the clerks of the Circuit Courts from holding the office of recorder. 11. Corydon, in Harrison county, shall be the seat of government of the State of Indiana, until the year eighteen hundred and twentyfive, and until removed by law.

12. The General Assembly when they lay off any new county, shall not reduce the old county or counties from which the same shall be taken, to a less content than four hundred square miles.

13. No person shall hold more than one lucrative office at the same time, except as in this Constitution expressly permitted.

14. No person shall be appointed as a county officer, within any county, who shall not have been a citizen and an inhabitant therein one year next preceding an appointment, if the county shall have been so long erected: but if the county shall not have been so long erected, then within the limits of the county or counties out of which it shall have been taken.

15. All towns and township officers shall be appointed in such manner as shall be directed by law.

16. The following officers of government shall not be allowed greater annual salaries, until the year eighteen hundred and nineteen, than as follows: the Governor one thousand dollars; the Secretary of State, four hundred dollars; the auditor of public accounts, four hundred dollars; the Treasurer, four hundred dollars; the judges of the Supreme Court, eight hundred dollars each; the presidents of the circuit courts, eight hundred dollars each; and the members of the General Assembly, not exceeding two dollars per day, each, during their attendance on the same, and two dollars for every twenty-five miles they shall severally travel, on the most usual route in going to and returning from the General Assembly; after which time their pay shall be regulated by law. But no law passed to increase the pay of the members of the General Aseembly, shall take effect until after the close of the session at which such law shall have been passed.

17. In order that the boundaries of the State of Indiana may more clearly be known and established, it is hereby ordained and declared, that the following shall be and forever remain the boundaries of the said State, to wit: Bounded on the east by the meridian line which forms the western boundary of the State of Ohio; on the south, by the Ohio river, from the mouth of the Great Miami river to the mouth of the river Wabash; on the west, by a line drawn along the middle of the Wabash river, from its mouth to a

point were a due north line, drawn from the town of Vincennes, would last touch the north-western shore of the said Wabash river: and from thence, by a due north line, until the same shall intersect an east and west line drawn through a point ten miles north of the southern extreme of Lake Michigan; on the north by the said east and west line, until the same shall intersect the first mentioned meridian line, which forms the western boundary of the State of Ohio.

ARTICLE XII.

SEC. 1. That no evils or inconvenience may arise from the change of a territorial government to a permanent State government, it is declared, by this Constitution, that all rights, suits, actions, prosecutions, recognizances, contracts, and claims, both as it respects individuals and bodies corporate, shall continue as if no change had taken place in this government.

2. All fines, penalties, and forfeitures, due and owing to the territory of Indiana, or any county therein, shall inure to the use of the State or county. All bonds executed to the Governor, or any other officer, in his official capacity, in the territory, shall pass over to the Governor or other officers of the State or county, and their successors in office, for the use of the State or county, or by him or them to be respectively assigned over to the use of those concerned, as the case may be.

3. The Governor, Secretary, and judges, and all other officers, both civil and military, under the territorial government, shall continue in the exercise of the duties of their respective departments, until the said officers are superseded under the authority of this Constitution.

4. All laws and parts of laws now in force in this territory, not inconsistent with this Constitution, shall continue and remain in full force and effect, until they expire, or be repealed.

5. The Governor shall use his private seal until a State seal be procured.

6. The Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of public accounts, and Treasurer, shall severally reside and keep the public records, books, and papers, in any manner relating to their respective offices, at the seat of government; Provided, notwithstanding, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to affect the residence of the Governor for the space of six months, and until buildings suitable for his accommodation shall be procured at the expense of the State.

7. All suits, pleas, plaints, and other proceedings, now depending in any court of record, or justices' court, shall be prosecuted to final judgment and execution; and all appeals, writs of error, certiorari, injunction, or other proceedings whatever, shall progress, and be carried on, in the respective court or courts, in the same manner as is now provided by law, and all proceedings had therein, in as full

and complete a manner as if this Constitution were not adopted. And appeals and writs of error may be taken from the circuit court and general court, now established in the Indiana territory, to the Supreme Court, in such manner as shall be provided for by law.

8. The President of this Convention shall issue writs of election, directed to the several sheriffs of the several counties, requiring them to cause an election to be held for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, representative to the Congress of the United States, members of the General Assembly, sheriffs, and coroners, at the respective election districts in each county, on the first Monday in August next which election shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by the existing election laws of the Indiana territory; and the said Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, members of the General Assembly, sheriffs, and coroners, then duly elected, shall continue to exercise the duties of their respective offices for the time prescribed by this Constitution, and until their successor or successors are qualified, and no longer.

9. Until the first enumeration shall be made, as directed by this Constitution, the county of Wayne shall be entitled to one senator and three representatives; the county of Franklin, one senator and three representatives; the county of Dearborn, one senator and two representatives; the county of Switzerland, one representative; and the county of Jefferson and Switzerland, one senator; and the county of Jefferson two representatives; the county of Clark, one senator and three representatives; the county of Harrison, one senator and three representatives; the counties of Washington, Orange, and Jackson, one senator, and the county of Washington, two representatives; the counties of Orange and Jackson, one representative each; the county of Knox, one senator and three representatives; the county of Gibson, one senator and two representatives; the counties of Posey, Warrick, and Perry, one senator, and each of the aforesaid counties of Posey, Warrick, and Perry, one representative.

10. All books, records, documents, warrants, and papers, appertaining and belonging to the office of territorial treasurer of the Indiana territory, and all moneys therein, and all papers and documents in the office of the Secretary of said territory, shall be disposed of as the General Assembly of this State may direct.

11. All suits, actions, pleas, plaints, prosecutions, and causes whatsoever, and all records, books, papers, and documents, now in the general court, may be transferred to the Supreme Court established by this Constitution: and all causes, suits, actions, pleas, plaints, and prosecutions whatsoever, now existing or pending in the circuit courts of this territory, or which may be therein at the change of government, and all records, books, papers and documents, relating to the said suits or filed in the said courts, may be transferred over to the circuit courts established by this Constitution, under such rules and regulations as the General Assembly may direct.

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THE first settlement made in this State was by the French, at Kaskaskia, about 1720. By the treaty of peace between England and France in 1763, it came into the possession of the British. In 1789 it constituted a part of the NorthWest Territory. In 1800, what is now Indiana and Illinois, became a separate territory. In 1809 Illinois became a territory under its present name, and in 1818 it was admitted into the union as an independent State. In 1800 Illinois contained not more than 3,000 inhabitants; its increase has been very rapid, having more than trebled its inhabitants every ten years. Area, 50,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1840, 476,183.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I.

Concerning the Distribution of the Powers of Government. SEC. 1. The powers of the government of the State of Illinois shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are legislative, to one; those which are executive, to another; and those which are judiciary, to another.

2. No person, or collection of persons, being one of those departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others; except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

ARTICLE II.

SEC. 1. The legislative authority of this State shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives, both to be elected by the people.

2. The first election for senators and representatives shall commence on the third Thursday of September next, and continue for that and the two succeeding days; and the next election shall be held on the first Monday in August, one thousand eight hundred and twenty; and forever after, elections shall be held once in two years, on the first Monday of August, in each and every county, at such places therein as may be provided by law.

3. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years, who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of this State; who shall not have resided within the limits of the county or district in which he shall be chosen twelve months next preceding his election, if such county or district shall have been so long erected; but if not, then within the limits of the county or counties, district or districts, out of which the same shall have been taken, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State; and who, moreover, shall not have paid a State or county tax.

4. The senators, at their first session herein provided for, shall be divided by lot from their respective counties or districts, as near as can be, into two classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; and those of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, so that onehalf thereof, as near as possible, may be biennially chosen forever thereafter.

5. The number of senators and representatives shall, at the first session of the General Assembly, holden after the returns herein provided for are made, be fixed by the General Assembly, and apportioned among the several counties or districts to be established by law, according to the number of white inhabitants. The number of representatives shall not be less than twenty-seven, nor more than thirty-six, until the number of inhabitants within this State shall amount to one hundred thousand; and the number of senators shall never be less than one-third nor more than one-half of the number of representatives.

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6. No person shall be a senator who has not arrived at the twenty-five years, who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have resided one year in the county or district in which he shall be chosen immediately preceding his election, if such county or district shall have been so long erected; but if not, then within the limits of the county or counties, district or districts, out of which the same shall have been taken; unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States, or of this State, and shall not, moreover, have paid a State or county tax.

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