What is the duty of persons in parental authority? When is a parent or guardian guilty of a misdemeanor? What is the penalty for the first offense? Each subsequent offense? When fines are collected to whom should they be paid? What must a school record certificate show? By whom is it issued? When is a boy entitled to an evening school certificate? By whom are such certificates issued? How must such certificate be displayed? When is it unlawful to employ children under 14 years of age? By whom must a certificate of attendance be signed? What is the penalty for unlawful employment of children? What disposition is made of a fine thus collected?

What record of attendance must teachers keep? What must such record show? Are the teachers of private schools and those employed in homes of children required to keep such record? To whom should this record Le open to inspection? What is the penalty imposed upon teachers who refuse to answer reasonable inquiries relative to such records?

For what school districts do the school authorities appoint attendance officers? How many may they appoint? Who determines the compensation of such officers? By whom may they be removed? Who is charged with the duty of enforcing the law in such districts or cities?

For what districts may town boards appoint attendance officers? How many? Who fixes their compensation? What is their jurisdiction? May town boards in appointing such officers limit their jurisdiction to certain school districts? Are trustees eligible to hold this office? Who may remove these officers from office? What authority have attendance officers to arrest truants? When a truant is arrested what must the officer do with such truant? After such arrest what report must the attendance officer make? To whom? How may truant schools be established? What three classes of pupils may be confined in such schools? What power have school authorities to contract for the confinement and maintenance of truants? With the written consent of the parents or guardian, where may a truant be committed? When the person in parental authority refuses to consent, what action should be taken? What persons cannot be committed to truant schools? When is the expense of such commitment a city or village charge? When a county charge? What instruction must be given in all truant schools?

What is the ruling of the Commissioner of Education as to what constitutes a satisfactory excuse for absence or tardiness? What help may the Commissioner of Education employ to assist in enforcing this law? When may the Commissioner of Education withhold public money from a district? What portion may be withheld? What action must be taken first? When must the Commissioner of Education pay over moneys thus withheld?

Who are charged with the duty of enforcing the law relative to employ

ment of newsboys? What are the prohibitive ages of employment? On what conditions may a boy between 12 and 14 years of age be employed? Between what hours can he not be employed? By whom are permits and badges issued? By whom must the application be made? What written statement must be first obtained? Who is required to keep a list of boys receiving them? State fully contents which permit must contain. Badge? For what time are permit and badge valid? On what date do they expire? State fully the other regulations concerning them.

What are vacation permits? To whom and under what circumstances issued? What provision is made for the instruction of illiterate minors? What attendance is required? Penalties?

CHAPTER XXI

SCHOOL CENSUS

[Article 24]

Bureau in New York City.- The Board of Education of New York City is required to establish a Bureau of Compulsory Education, School Census, and Child Welfare. Such board is also authorized to prescribe by-laws, rules, and regulations for the proper operation and administration of such bureau. The board of superintendents is required to nominate a director and assistant director of such bureau to the board of education, and such board has the power to appoint these officers. Attendance officers, enumerators, clerks and other employees necessary for the administration of the work of such bureau are chosen in the same manner. The term of office of the director and assistant director is six years each. No person is eligible to either of these positions who is not a graduate of an approved college or university, and who has also had five years' experience in teaching or in supervisory work since graduation. A person who holds a principal's license for any bureau of the city of New York obtained upon examination, and who has also had ten years' experience in teaching or supervisory work is also eligible.

Under the direction of this bureau the attendance officers and enumerators appointed by the board are required to take a census of all the children between the ages of four and eighteen years of age residing within the boundaries of the city. This bureau is required to amend such census from day to day so that at all times there shall be kept on file in the bureau a complete, up-todate census of the names and residences of such children.

The general direction and supervision of the school census bureau is under the city superintendent of schools, and the bureau is so organized that the director of the bureau is charged with the administration of the compulsory attendance law and the assistant director of the bureau with the administration of the census law.

Census Board in Buffalo and Rochester.- The mayor, the superintendent of schools and the police commissioner, or the officer performing the duties similar to those of a police commissioner, constitute a permanent census board in the cities of Buffalo and Rochester,

Officers of Such Board. The mayor is the chairman of such board. The board also has the power to appoint a secretary and such clerks and other employees as may be necessary and to fix their salaries.

Census Required. The census board is required to prescribe regulations to make effective the census law and under such regulations the police commissioners were required to cause a census to be taken in their respective cities during the month of October, 1909. The census boards are required to obtain through the police force the residences and employments of all persons between the ages of four and eighteen years and to report thereon from time to time to the school authorities of their respective cities. After the census of October, 1909, was taken it became the duty of the census board to cause the same to be amended from day to day. It is the duty of the police to report daily, precinct by precinct, changes of residence which occur among the children between the ages of four and eighteen. The police should likewise report daily the names and addresses of all children between such ages who move into the city. The census board should therefore always have on file in its office a complete list of the names, addresses, occupations and persons in parental relation, of all persons between the ages of four and eighteen. While the law makes it the duty of the police to make daily reports and to take the permanent census required under the law, the census board may employ such enumerators or other help as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of the law. It should also be understood that while parents are required to report certain data to the police a failure. on the part of parents to make such report does not relieve the police or the census board from obtaining this data. The burden of the enforcement of this law is placed primarily upon the census board, and also upon the police, and this board and the police must obtain all information necessary to keep the census properly revised from day to day.

Parents Required to Report.-A person in parental relation

to a child is required to report at the police station house of the precinct in which he resides the following:

I. The name of each child, its residence, the name of the person in parental relation thereto and the name and location of the school such child is to attend at least two weeks before such child becomes of the compulsory school age.

2. The facts relating to the removal of a child of compulsory school age from one school to another, for any cause whatever, and of a child going to work in accordance with the provisions. of the labor law.

3. The change of residence of a child from one police precinct to another and such other facts relating to such child as required by the two previous subdivisions.

4. The residence of a child between four and eighteen who moves into such city and such other facts relating thereto as the census board may require.

Census in Cities of the Second and Third Class.— Under an amendment to the census law by the Legislature of 1917 the school authorities of cities of the second and third class are no longer required to take a census of the children of the city every four years. This amendment to the Education Law provides that the board of education of each city of the second class and of the third class shall constitute a permanent census board. This board is required to take a census of all children between the ages of four and eighteen years of age in its city. This census must be amended from day to day so that there shall always be on file in the office of said board of education a complete, up-to-date census, including all the census information required of cities of the first class and such additional information as the board of education may require under its regulations. The board of education of these cities becomes a permanent census board and is required to establish a census bureau. The board must appoint such directors, clerks, enumerators, attendance officers, etc., as may be necessary to keep an up-to-date census as required under the law.

School Census in School Districts.- The trustee or board of trustees of every school district shall annually on the thirtieth day of August cause a census of all children between the ages of five and eighteen to be taken in duplicate in their respective school districts, and one copy thereof filed with the teacher on the first day of school and the other copy filed with the district superintendent on or before the fifteenth day of September. Such census shall include the information required from cities as provided in this article. (See L. 1919, ch. 100, amending § 652 of the Education Law.)