vacancy should be required by the county treasure bond in like manner as supervisors regularly elected the amount of school moneys in the hands of the for visor.

Should Sue Bond.- If the condition of the bond of visor should be broken, the county treasurer shou bond in behalf of the town and pay the money recove successor of the defaulting supervisor.

Payment of School Moneys. After a supervisor ha bond approved by the county treasurer, such treasur pay such supervisor the amount of school money due as shown by the superintendents' certificate of apportic

Payment of Unpaid Taxes.— Whenever a collector to collect the school-district tax upon any real estate matter is properly presented to the county treasurer, it is to pay such tax from the contingent fund and to report to the board of supervisors of the county. (See chapter

DISTRICT ATTORNEY

Fines from Prosecutions.-The district attorney shoul cute all persons guilty of misdemeanors in relation to affairs, as required by law, and should report annually board of supervisors all fines collected as the result prosecution, and all such money received by him should be diately paid to the county treasurer. (Sec. 851.)

Adjust Costs. When the amount claimed by district for defending actions and proceedings in behalf of a dis disputed by such district and the county judge is debarre acting, such claim, when presented in due form, must be ad by the district attorney.

COUNTY JUDGE

Adjust Costs.- When the officers of a school district brought or defended an action or proceeding in behalf of district by instruction, and the amount claimed by such of for costs and expenses is in dispute, and when such officers brought or defended an action or proceeding in behalf of a di without instruction, and the district meeting refuses to allow claim presented by such officers for costs and expenses and

matter is properly presented to the county judge, he should give such officers and district a hearing, examine into the facts of the case, and decide what amount should be allowed such officers, if any. The amount allowed by a county judge for costs and disbursements cannot exceed thirty dollars. A county judge cannot adjust a claim for costs and expenses incurred in bringing or defending appeals before the Commissioner of Education, but only in an "action or proceeding," in court. (Sec. 860; 31 Misc. 590.)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Of what school property are supervisors trustees? What annual return of school moneys must supervisors make? When and to whom is such return made? When may supervisors pay out such moneys after a return has been made? Upon whose order should a supervisor pay the money in his hands for the payment of teachers' wages? What two facts should such order show? When should a supervisor pay to a collector or treasurer of a district the money due their district for teachers' wages? What disposition should a supervisor make of the money in his hands, for teachers' wages and library purposes, belonging to union free school districts? To whom should the supervisor make a report of the school moneys received and disbursed by him? What record of school moneys should a supervisor keep? What should he do with this record?

What statement should a supervisor file in the town clerk's office? When? To whom should he send notice that such report has been filed? State what is necessary to qualify a supervisor to obtain funds from his predecessor in office. What is the duty of a supervisor relative to penalties and forfeiture under the consolidated school law? In what manner may a supervisor assist in the formation or alteration of school district boundaries? Has he authority to act if not requested to do so? Can he be compelled to act in such capacity? To what compensation are supervisors entitled to for such service? When may supervisors determine upon the equitable assessment of property? When may the supervisor of an adjoining town assist in such matters? What compensation does he receive for this service?

What is the general duty of a town clerk relative to preserving school district records? What record of a supervisor's certificate of apportionment should a town clerk make? What officers' reports must he obtain? What must he do with such reports? What report must he make to the district superintendent? What is his duty in relation to distributing documents? What is his duty in relation to records of annual accounts? Final accounts? Treasurers' certificate? Records of boundaries of districts? When may he assist in forming a new school district or in changing the boundaries of a district? Can he act if not requested? Can he be compelled to act? What compensation does he receive? What is his duty in

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relation to records of dissolved districts? In filing bonds of collector? To what compensation is he entitled? How is such paid?

When must a county treasurer report to the Commissioner of What must such report show? What is his duty in relation bonds of supervisors? When should he sue the bondsmen of a When should he pay school moneys to supervisors? When sh uncollected taxes on real estate to a school district collector?

What is the duty of the district attorney in relation to fines cutions? In adjusting costs?

When may the county judge adjust costs of district officers de action or proceeding for or against the district? What amou allow? May he adjust costs incurred in an appeal to the Comm Education in an action or proceeding as defined by the Civil Code.

Number of Districts.

CHAPTER VI

SCHOOL DISTRICTS

[Article 5]

For the school year ending July 31, 1918, the number of school districts in the State, not including cities, was 10,240. The number differs from year to year as

new districts are formed and others abolished.

Origin of District System.- The school act of 1795 provided that the inhabitants of a town might associate together for the purpose of establishing and maintaining schools. Schools were maintained under this plan until 1812, when the law was changed by the school act of that year providing that the town commissioners should divide their respective towns into a suitable and convenient number of districts which should be numbered. The first act providing for union free schools was passed in 1853, and was incorporated into the Consolidated School Act of 1864. The object was to create strong schools by uniting weak ones, and thus bringing more pupils and property to the support of a single school.

Division of Territory. The law provides that all territory of the State must be divided and included in school districts. If there is territory in a supervisory district not included in some school district, it is the duty of the district superintendent having jurisdiction to divide such territory and order that it be included in the school districts to which it properly belongs.

Constitutional Provision.- Section 1 of article 9 of the State constitution requires the State legislature to provide for the maintenance and support of a system of free common schools wherein all the children of the State may be educated.

School District.— A school district is a subdivision of a town or city which is under the management and direction of officers who are required to maintain a free public school in and for such district as the law directs.

Classes of Districts.— Under the education law school districts are known as city school districts, union free-school districts and common-school districts.

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City School Districts.- Each city in which the sc boundaries are coterminus with the city boundaries by statute to be a city school district. In each city school district boundaries are not coterminus wit boundaries the school district which contains the w greater portion of the inhabitants of the city is the district of such city.

Union Free-School Districts.— Union free-school d the districts organized as such under the provisions of tion law, or under special acts of the State legislatu districts are governed by a board of education.

Common-School Districts. All school districts in which are neither city nor union free-school dis common-school districts. In the place of a board of a common-school district has a sole trustee or a board o Joint Districts.— Joint districts are school districts two or more towns or supervisory districts.

Public School. A public school is a school which is the children of school age residing in a district or city, ported by public taxation. Common schools and u schools are public schools.

Farm School.-The board of supervisors in a county of the city of New York, may organize a farm school for pose of giving instruction in the trades and in industrial, tural and home-making subjects. The cost of maintena county charge. (For details of the statute, see article 22Education Law.)

Camp Schools. The law now authorizes the mainter camp schools to afford educational facilities for the chi laborers who may be employed in large construction wor as reservoirs, public highways, power plants, etc. These ar schools, and the details of the law are not given here, but found by consulting article 6-a of the Education Law.

School Year. The school year begins on the first August and ends on the thirty-first day of July following.

Who May Attend School.- All persons over five and twenty-one years of age are entitled to attend the public sc the school district or city in which such persons reside, t period for which such public school is in session, withou