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HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. -Biliousnes and Dyspepsia.-There is no organ in the human body more liable to derangement than the liver; food, fatigue, climate, and anxiety, all disorder its action and render its secretion, the bile, mere or less depraved, superabundant, or scanty. The first symptoms should receive attention. A pain in the side, or on the top of the shoulder, a harsh cough and difficulty of breathing, restlessness at night, a arming dreams, dry mouth, furred tongue, with morning squeamishness, are signs of 1 ver disease, which are removed without delay by friction with Holloway's inestimable Ointment over the pit of the stomach and right side. The Pills should be taken without delay. Peer and pauper will alike be cured. Printed by R. CLAY, SONS & TAYLOR, at 7 and 8, Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, and published by MACMILLAN & Co. at the Office, 29, and 30, Bedford Street, Covent Garden.-THURSDAY, July 31, 1873. 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Large sizes for brass and iron castings, reducing photo. waste, photo. enamelling, assaying, and all purposes where exact results are required without constant attention. More than fifteen hundred of these furnaces are now in use. Drawings and description free by post. THOS. FLETCHER, F.C.S., Bold Street and Suez Street, Warrington, THER THURSDAY, AUGUST 7, 1873 GUSTAV ROSE 'HE son-in-law of Gustav Rose, Professor G. vom Rath, has sent us the Nekrolog which affection and custom in the Fatherland unite in issuing in honour of those who are no more. The first line of this tribute to the memory of the great mineralogist tells truly that Germany has lost one of her great ones in this learned and noble man: but it is for us to say that it is even a wider world than his fatherland that has lost in him one of its conspicuous citizens. For the two brothers Heinrich and Gustav Rose formed a double star in the constellation of illustrious men who have illuminated with a brilliancy all its own the first half of this great century; and, indeed, for now fifty years their twin lights have guided the course of their contemporary and of a younger generation of wayfarers on the track of Science. days of the terrible conflicts to have borne his musket. But he was seventeen, in time to make the long march from Berlin to Orleans; and after the peace in 1815 he set himself to obtain a livelihood in the occupation of mining. Overtaken by an attack of inflammation of the lungs, his thoughts became directed into a new direction. For the contagious passion for the pursuit of truth in its most tangible form by the path of natural science seized him by contact with his elder brother Heinrich; and Gustav followed his example in going to Stockholm for a similar object to that which has drawn so many Englishmen and English-speaking men since to Germany. Berzelius was then in Sweden what afterwards were Heinrich Rose, Wöhler, Liebig, in the Fatherland; the great master in the science as in the practice of chemistry. Gustav Rose was twenty-six when he ceased to be a student, and of the fifty years that have run out their sands since 1823, there is scarce one that has not recorded some work or memoir by the great crystallographer; and in some of those years he produced several. And Gustav Rose was a crystallographer and mineralogist in the completest sense. The first man in Germany, as we have said, who adopted the use of Dr. Wollaston's reflective goniometer, he aided Mitscherlich in his discovery of Isomorphism; and this must have been one of his earliest labours. His first paper was an exercise in Latin on the Crystallc treatise on Crystallography, in which recognising the simplicity introduced by the use of geometrical axes as employed by Weiss, he adopted that method of expression for the relations of the faces of a crystal, a method which has in fact been only carried out to its last logical form and simplest expression by the admirable system of our countryman Prof. W. H. Miller. Certainly the death of a man like Gustav Rose is calculated to call up some wonderment in our minds as we look back over the brief period that even his 76 years of life embrace, and think in what relation that little space of time stands to the long history of man in regard to the sciences that these two illustrious brothers cultivated so pertinaciously and so well. Berzelius spoke of look-graphy of Sphene; and in 1830 he brought out his ing back within his own memory to the dark age of phlogistic chemistry. Heinrich Rose first reduced to a scientific system the methods of inorganic chemical analysis, as J. von Liebig did afterwards for organic chemistry; it is but yesterday that the one, and but a few brief years since the other died. And now Gustav Rose, the first man in Germany who used the reflective goniometer, has followed them and Mitscherlich and Haussmann, and Haidinger. There still remain Breithaupt and Naumann, Wöhler, and a few other honoured men on whom the patriarch's mantle must successively devolve. Let us at least pay the tribute due to the memory of the last of these illustrious workers whose chair is empty by endeavouring to take a survey of the work he did, and by recognising the debt we owe him for the results that have accrued to our knowledge from the toil "Ohne Hast und ohne Rast," of fifty out of his seventy-six years, and no less for the example he has set of method and of energy in achieving them. The sciences that Gustav Rose devoted himself to, crystallography and mineralogy, have been for many years so little or so superficially studied in England, that probably few of our countrymen are familiar with the continuous succession and admirable quality of the work turned out from the study of one of the soundest-minded, and, let us add, one of the soundest-hearted men that Germany ranked among her sons. His country's troubles, though they ended as far as the great war was concerned in 1815, had called into the ranks even the youngest of the four brothers Rose. Their father, a not undistinguished pharmaceutical chemist in Berlin, had died in 1807, leaving his children to the care of his widow, who appears to have borne out the tradition of able men owing much to remarkable characteristics in their mothers. Young Gustav was not old enough in the No. 197-VOL. VIII. It is not easy now to transport ourselves back to the time when scientific men of high eminence deliberately closed, or rather refused to open, their eyes to the chemical composition of a mineral as the most fundamental point in its definition and description, and to its chemical relations as affording the only philosophical basis on which to form a classification of minerals. But this difficulty of placing ourselves in the position taken up by Mohs and his school, very much arises from our not appreciating the situation of chemical and crystallographic research in their mutual valuation twenty years before the death of Mohs. We may for instance take two garnets, one consisting of aluminium and magnesium silicate, another of iron and calcium silicate. The two minerals contain notably differing proportions of the only ingredient they have in common, namely silica; and yet their crystalline forms are the same, and the mineralogist could not fail to recognise so close a parallelism and similarity between the two minerals as to compel him to unite them under one general "natural-history" division. The chemistry of that day, however, was not yet ripe for acknowledging such a classification. But when, on the other hand, the mineralogist assembled under one group minerals that differed in the way that, for instance, Linavite and blue copper carbonate (chessylite) differ in their chemical composition, or such widely different minerals as diamond and topaz, on the ground that they were hard and lustrous, and had the character of precious |