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rary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

Article XVIII

SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

SEC. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

SEC. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

Article XIX

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Article XX

SECTION 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

SEC. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

SEC. 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

SEC. 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

SEC. 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

SEC. 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

Article XXI

SECTION 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

SEC. 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

SEC. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS

RULES OF CONSTRUCTION

§ 1. Words importing singular number, masculine gender, etc.; extended application.-In determining the meaning of any Act or resolution of Congress, passed subsequent to February 25, 1871, words importing the singular number may extend and be applied to several persons or things; words importing the plural number may include the singular; words importing the masculine gender may be applied to females; the words "insane person" and "lunatic" shall include every idiot, non compos, lunatic, and insane person; the word "person" may extend and be applied to partnerships and corporations, and the reference to any officer shall include any person authorized by law to perform the duties of such office, unless the context shows that such words were intended to be used in a more limited sense; and a requirement of an "oath" shall be deemed complied with by making affirmation in judicial form. (R. S. § 1.)

DERIVATION

Act June 30, 1864, ch. 173, 13 Stat. 258, 287; Act July 13, 1866, ch. 184, 14 Stat. 163; Act July 20, 1868, ch. 186, 15 Stat. 166; Act Feb. 25, 1871, ch. 71, 16 Stat. 431.

§ 2. "County" as including "parish," etc.-The word "county" includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States. (R. S. § 2.)

DERIVATION

Act July 13, 1866, ch. 184, 14 Stat. 98, 110.

§ 3. "Vessel" as including all means of water transportation.— The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water. (R. S. § 3.)

DERIVATION

Act July 18, 1866, ch. 201, § 1, 14 Stat. 178; Act June 29, 1870, ch. 169, §7, 16 Stat. 170.

§ 4. "Vehicle" as including all means of land transportation.— The word "vehicle" includes every description of carriage or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land. (R. S. § 4.)

DERIVATION

Act July 18, 1866, ch. 201, 14 Stat. 178.

§ 5. "Company" and "association" as including successors and assigns. The word "company" or "association," when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to embrace the words "successors and assigns of such company or association," in like manner as if these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed. (R. S. § 5.) DERIVATION

Act July 25, 1866, ch. 242, 14 Stat. 241.

§ 6. Limitation of term "products of American fisheries."— Wherever, in the statutes of the United States or in the rulings, regulations, or interpretations of various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States there appears or may appear the term "products of American fisheries" said term shall not include fresh or frozen fish fillets, fresh or frozen fish steaks, or fresh or frozen slices of fish substantially free of bone (including any of the foregoing divided into sections), produced in a foreign country or its territorial waters, in whole or in part with the use of the labor of persons who are not residents of the United States. (June 11, 1940, ch. 325, § 1, 54 Stat. 305.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 2 of act June 11, 1940, cited to text, provided that the act should take effect on the day following the date of its enactment.

TITLE 2-THE CONGRESS

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

§ 148. Transfer to Library of books from executive departments. The head of any executive department or bureau or any commission of the Government is authorized from time to time to turn over to the Librarian of Congress, for the use of the Library of Congress, any books, maps, or other material in the library of the department, bureau, or commission no longer needed for its use, and in the judgment of the Librarian of Congress appropriate to the uses of the Library of Congress. (Feb. 25, 1903, ch. 755, § 1, 32 Stat. 865.)

TITLE 3-THE PRESIDENT

OFFICE AND COMPENSATION OF PRESIDENT

§ 46. Detail of employees of executive departments to office of President.-Employees of the executive departments and other establishments of the executive branch of the Government may

be detailed from time to time to the office of the President of the United States for such temporary assistance as may be deemed necessary. (Apr. 8, 1940, ch. 107, § 1, 54 Stat. 112.).

This item appears annually in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act.

TITLE 4—FLAG AND SEAL, SEAT OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE STATES

§ 6. Permanent seat of government.-All that part of the territory of the United States included within the present limits of the District of Columbia shall be the permanent seat of government of the United States. (R. S. § 1795.)

DERIVATION

Act July 16, 1790, ch. 28, § 1, 1 Stat. 130.

§ 7. Public offices; at seat of government.-All offices attached to the seat of government shall be exercised in the District of Columbia, and not elsewhere, except as otherwise expressly provided by law. (R. S. § 1796.)

DERIVATION

Act July 16, 1790, ch. 28, § 6, 1 Stat. 130.

§ 8. Same; removal from seat of government.-In case of the prevalence of a contagious or epidemic disease at the seat of government, the President may permit and direct the removal of any or all the public offices to such other place or places as he shall deem most safe and convenient for conducting the public business. (R. S. § 4798.)

DERIVATION

Act Feb. 25, 1799, ch. 12, § 6, 1 Stat. 620.

§ 12. Tax on motor fuel sold on military or other reservation; reports to State taxing authority.-(a) All taxes levied by any State, Territory or the District of Columbia upon, with respect to, or measured by, sales, purchases, storage, or use of gasoline or other motor vehicle fuels may be levied, in the same manner and to the same extent, with respect to such fuels when sold by or through post exchanges, ship stores, ship service stores, commissaries, filling stations, licensed traders, and other similar agencies, located on United States military or other reservations, when such fuels are not for the exclusive use of the United States. Such taxes, so levied, shall be paid to the proper taxing authorities of the State, Territory or the District of Columbia, within whose borders the reservation affected may be located.

(b) The officer in charge of such reservation shall, on or before the fifteenth day of each month, submit a written statement to the proper taxing authorities of the State, Territory or the District of Columbia within whose borders the reservation is located, showing the amount of such motor fuel with respect to which taxes are payable under subsection (a) for the preceding month. (June 16, 1936, ch. 582, § 10, 49 Stat. 1521; Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 787, § 7, 54 Stat. 1060.)

§ 13. State, etc., taxation affecting Federal areas; sales or use tax. (a) No person shall be relieved from liability for payment of, collection of, or accounting for any sales or use tax levied by any State, or by any duly constituted taxing authority therein, having jurisdiction to levy such a tax, on the ground that the sale or use, with respect to which such tax is levied, occurred in whole or in part within a Federal area; and such State or taxing authority shall have full jurisdiction and power to levy and collect any such tax in any Federal area within such State to the same extent and with the same effect as though such area was not a Federal

area.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall be applicable only with respect to sales or purchases made, receipts from sales received, or storage or use occurring, after December 31, 1940. (Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 787, § 1, 54 Stat. 1059.)

§ 14. Same; income tax.-(a) No person shall be relieved from liability for any income tax levied by any State, or by any duly constituted taxing authority therein, having jurisdiction to levy such a tax, by reason of his residing within a Federal area or receiving income from transactions occurring or services performed in such area; and such State or taxing authority shall have full jurisdiction and power to levy and collect such tax in any Federal area within such State to the same extent and with the same effect as though such area was not a Federal area.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall be applicable only with respect to income or receipts received after December 31, 1940. (Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 787, § 2, 54 Stat. 1060.)

CROSS REFERENCE

Compensation of officers and employees of United States, Territories, etc., consent of United States to taxation of, see section 84a of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 15. Same; exception of United States, its instrumentalities, and authorized purchasers therefrom.-(a) The provisions of sections 13 and 14 of this title shall not be deemed to authorize the levy or collection of any tax on or from the United States or any instrumentality thereof, or the levy or collection of any tax with respect to sale, purchase, storage, or use of tangible personal property sold by the United States or any instrumentality thereof to any authorized purchaser.

(b) A person shall be deemed to be an authorized purchaser under this section only with respect to purchases which he is permitted to make from commissaries, ship's stores, or voluntary unincorporated organizations of Army or Navy personnel, under regulations promulgated by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy. (Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 787, § 3, 54 Stat. 1060.)

§ 16. Same; jurisdiction of United States over Federal areas unaffected. The provisions of sections 13-18 of this title shall not for the purposes of any other provision of law be deemed to deprive the United States of exclusive jurisdiction over any Federal area over which it would otherwise have exclusive jurisdiction or to limit the jurisdiction of the United States over any Federal area. (Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 787, § 4, 54 Stat. 1060.)

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