Chiefly, adv. (Tob. iv. 12). Fr. chef, with the adverbial termination. First, in the first place; for Gr. πρῶτον. As in Milton, P. L. 1. 17: And chiefly Thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer Chief priest, sb. (2 Kin. xxv. 18, &c.). In the Old Test. a chief priest denotes both the high priest, and also the head of a priestly house. Thus Alexander in the end, hauing passed through this wildernesse, he came vnto the temple he sought for: where, the prophet or chiefe priest saluted him from the god Hammon, as from his father. North's Plutarch, Alex. p. 732. Chimney, sb. (2 Esd. vi. 4). From Fr. cheminée, which is itself derived from Med. Lat. caminata, a room with a fire-place (caminus), just as Eng. stove and G. stube denote a room with a stove in it. Thus Fuller (Holy State, XII. 7); 'though there be no fire seen outwardly, as in the English chimneys, it may be hotter within, as in the Dutch stoves.' In the passage quoted from the Apocrypha, the word is the translation of the Lat. caminus, a fire-place or oven. Jamieson (Scottish Dict.) gives 'chimla-lug, the fire side.' So in Piers Ploughman (Creed, 415), Chambres with chymeneys, For it was to no purpose for a man that esteemed rootes and parsenippes to be one of the best dishes in the worlde, and that did seeth them himselfe in his chimney, whilest his wife did bake his bread, to talke so much of an Asse, and to take paines to write by what art and industrie a man might quickely enrich himself. North's Plut. Arist. and Cato, p. 390. Chode (Gen. xxxi. 36). Past tense of chide, A.-S. cídan, p. cád. Choice, sb. (Gen. xxiii. 6). The most excellent of anything. thing So full replete with choice of all delights. Shakespeare, I Hen. VI. V. 5. Choler, sb. (Dan. viii. 7; xi. 11; Ecclus. xxxvi. 30). Anger, rage. The Greek word χολή (from which melancholy) literally signifies bile, from a superabundance of which fluid anger was formerly supposed to be produced. Choller naturalle, or the gaule, called in Latyne Fel, and Bilis, in Greke χολὴ, is of all iuyces in euery liuing thinge the whottest. Hall, Expositive Table, p. 37 (ed. 1565). Except the princes coller presse him to seeke revenge, whereof I haue noe great feare, speciallye yf he continue collerick. Leycester Corresp. p. 245. For angry husbands find the soonest ease Greene's Penelope's Web. Christen, v. t. (Rub. in office for Private Baptism). A.-S. cristnian. It is evident from the following passages that 'christen' and 'christian,' used as a verb, were formerly regarded as synonymous. speaks of Latimer (Remт. р. 341) the false apostles, which were not heathen and unchristianed but christianed, and high prelates of the professors of Christ; and in the next page he asks, and, I pray you, what mean your friends by a christian congregation? all those, trow ye, that have been christianed?....for it is not enough to a christian congregation that is of God, to have been christened. And as baptism is the ordinance by which the Christian is acknowledged as such, 'to christen' and 'to baptize' were used interchangeably, as in Chaucer: For though his wyf be cristened never so white, Man of Law's Tale, 4775. Thanne Jhesus came fro Galilee in to Jordan to Joon, for to be christned of hym. Wiclif (1), Matt. iii. 13. Chrysolite, sb. (Rev. xxi. 20; Ezek. xxviii. 13, marg.) Gr. χρυσόλιθος. The golden color in the topaze gaue it the name Chrysolith. Holland's Pliny, XXXVII. 11. The cedar is beautifull but beares no fruite, the Christolite of an orient hue, yet of a deadly operation. Greene's Mourning Garment, P. 44. If heaven would make me such another world I'd not have sold her for it. Shakespeare, Othello, V. 2. Chrysoprasus, sb. (Rev. xxi. 20), or Chrysoprase (Ezek. xxvii. 16 m.; xxviii. 13 m.), Gr. χρυσόπρασος. A gem similar to the above, whose exact nature is unknown. more A third kind there is approching neere to this, but that it is pale (howsoeuer some do think it is no kind of beril, but gem by it self) and this they call Chrysoprasos. Pliny, XXXVII. 5. a Holland's The grasse green of a leeke was occasion of the name Chrysoprasos. Ibid. XXXVII. 11. Church, sb. (Acts xix. 37). Used of a heathen temple. And this he vttred with fell rage and hate, Fairfax, Tasso, II. 90. There was a yong rauen hatched in a nest vpon the church of Castor and Pollux. Holland's Pliny, Χ. 43. Churl, sb. (Is. xxxii. 5, 7). The A.-S. ceorl (O. E. carle, G. kerl) meant originally nothing more than 'rustic, countryman, serf.' Thus in the Promptorium Parvulorum, cherelle or charl is rendered by rusticus, rusticanus. And in this sense it is used in Piers Ploughman's Vis. 6831; For may no cherl chartre make, From the fact, however, of rustics being usually more unmannerly than citizens (urbani), the word very early received the signification which is attached to it by Chaucer in describing an unmannerly gentleman; He is nought gentil, be he duk or erl, Wife of Bath's Tale, 6740. Hence it was applied in a more limited sense to express the rough and repulsive manners of the miser, and is thus used by our translators, in accordance with the Rabbinical interpretation of the word of which it is the rendering. So in Shakespeare (Rom. and Jul. v. 2); O churl! drink all, and leave no friendly drop Churlish, adj. (1 Sam. xxv. 3). From the preceding. The Hebrew of which it is the translation signifies 'hard, harsh, austere,' as in our Lord's parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 24), where the same Greek word (σκληρός) is used as is employed by the LXX. in the above passage. So Chaucer; A cheerlissch wrecchednesse Agayns fraunchis of alle gentilesce. Franklin's Tale, 11827. And Shakespeare (As You Like It, II. 1): The icy fang And churlish chiding of the winter's wind. Chuse, v. t. (Deut. xii. 5). The old form of 'choose' in the ed. of 1611. I cannot chuse, sometime he angers me With telling me of the moldwarpe and the ant. Shakespeare, I Hen. IV. III. 1 (4to. 1604). Cieled, pp. (2 Chr. iii. 5; Jer. xxii. 14; Ezek. xli. 16; Hag. i. 4). Panelled, wainscotted. The etymology of this word is obscured by the spelling which seems to connect it with the Fr. ciel, It. cielo, 'a canopy.' To seel or seele a room was to cover it with boards, or wainscotting, like Fr. plancher. To seel the eyes of a hawk or dove (Fr. siller les yeux) was to sew up their eyelids, and in this sense is used by Shakespeare (Ant. and Cleop. III. 11); But when we in our viciousness grow hard, And Chapman (Homer, Il. XVI. 314); And cold death with a violent fate his sable eyes did seel. What we now call the ceiling was formerly called the upperseeling, Fr. sus-lambris, to distinguish it from the seeling or wainscotting on the walls. Wedgwood, Etym. Dict. That this was the sense attached to the word by our translators is evident from a reference to the original. In 2 Chr. iii. 5, the word rendered 'cieled' is in the same verse, and vv. 7, 8, 9 'overlaid;' the same root is elsewhere translated to cover' (2 Sam. xv. 30; Ps. lxviii. 13, &c.). Again, the original in Jer. xxii. 14 and Hag. i. 4, is elsewhere translated 'covered' (I Kings vi. 9; vii. 3, 7). In the remarkable passage of Deut. xxxiii. 21, 'sealed' in the text has 'cieled' in the margin. Cieling, sb. (1 Kings vi. 15; Ezek. xli. 16 marg.). Wainscotting: see the preceding word. Lambris: m. Wainscot, seeling. Cotgrave, Fr. Dict. Circuit, v. t. As a verb meaning to 'go on a circuit' (Lat. circumire) occurs in the margin of I Sam. vii. 16; the usage is obsolete, and seems never to have been common. Circuir: To circuit; enuiron, incompasse, or goe about. Cotgrave, Fr. Dict. Cise, sb. (Ex. xxxvi. 9, 15). Size: so printed in the ed. of 1611. Cithern, sb. (1 Macc. iv. 54). A.-S. citere, G. zither, which are both from Gr. κιθάρα. Cittern (Shaks.), gyterne (Piers Ploughman's Vis. 8493), the modern guitar and the Chaldee kathros (rendered 'harp' in Dan. iii. 5, 7, 10), are |