ent for so terming the sacred coffer in which were kept the two tables of stone written by the finger of God, and other things, which if lost could never be replaced.

Array, sb. (1 Tim. ii. 9). Dress, raiment.

Albe it she were out of al array saue her kyrtle only. Sir T. More, Works, p. 56 f.

Arrogancy, sb. (1 Sam. ii. 3; Prov. viii. 13 ; Is. xiii. II; Jer. xlviii. 29). Lat. arrogantia from arrogare 'to claim,' and then 'to claim more than one's due.' The old form of arrogance,' as 'innocency' for 'innocence,' 'insolency' for 'insolence,' &c.

But your heart

Is crammed with arrogancy, spleen and pride.

Shakespeare, Hen. VIII. II. 4.

Notwithstanding, so much is true; that the carriage of greatnesse, in a plaine and open manner (so it be without arrogancy, and vaine glory) doth draw lesse envy, then if it be in a more crafty, and cunning fashion. Bacon, Ess. IX. p. 33.

Artificer, sb. (Gen. iv. 22; 1 Chr. xxix. 5; Is. iii. 3). A skilled workman, artisan; Lat. Artifex.

Thither (i. e. to Delos), as to a mart or fair, there was great resort of chapmen from all parts of the world; and specially of those artificers who were curious in making of table feet, trestles, and bed-steads. Holland's Pliny, XXXIV. 2.

Another lean, unwash'd artificer

Cuts off his tale, and talks of Arthur's death.

Shakespeare, K. John, IV. 2.

Artillery, sb. (1 Sam. xx. 40; 1 Macc. vi. 51). From Lat. ars, and artificium, which were used in Med. Lat. to denote an implement, and especially an implement of war (just as from ingenium is derived engine), were formed artiliaria a workshop (Fr. atelier), thence an implement in general, and the Fr. artillerie. The word artillery was

used long before the invention of gunpowder to denote missile weapons in general.

Caractacus...choosinge suche place for the planting his artillerie. Polid. Vergil, p. 67.

Of the great serpent 120 feet in length killed by Regulus in Africa, it is said that he

Was driven to discharge vpon him arrowes, quarrels, stones, bullets, and such like shot, out of brakes, slings, and other engins of artillery. Holland's Pliny, VIII. 14.

And even after the introduction of cannon into warfare, before archery was entirely superseded, there appears to have been a distinction between ordnance and artillery, the former being specially applied to the new weapons. So Latimer, of the devil:

He is a great warrior, and also of great power in this world; he hath great ordnance and artillery. Serm. p. 27.

In 1 Macc. vi. 51, the marginal reading is 'mounds to shoot;' Geneva Vers. 'instruments to shoote.'

In his French Dictionary (1611) Cotgrave gives, "Artillier: m. A Bowyer, or Bow-maker; also, a Fletcher; or one that makes both bowes, and arrowes.'

Art magic, sb. (Wisd. xvii. 7). Magic; lit. from Lat. ars magica, as 'arsmetrike,' by a false etymology (= =ars metrica), for arithmetic (Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1900). There is no doubt that 'art, magic,' in the following passage from Latimer's Sermons, (p. 349) printed for the Parker Society, should be art-magic; in the edition of 1571 it is 'art Magike.'

We require that all witchcrafts be removed; that art, magic, and sorcery, be pulled out, necromancy taken away.

Asp, sb. (Deut. xxxii. 33; Job xx. 14, 16; Is. xi. 8; Rom. iii. 13). Gk. ȧoris; Lat. aspis. A small serpent, the Coluber Naja of Egypt, whose bite is said to be so poisonous that it kills almost instantly. At the time of the

Auth. Vers. the word asp was scarcely naturalized. Latimer uses aspis as a foreign word :

But the children of this world have worldly policy, foxly craft, lion-like cruelty, power to do hurt, more than either aspis or basiliscus. Serm. p. 47.

And in Gower aspidis occurs in a passage of 'A serpent which that aspidis Is cleped,' embodying the popular belief with regard to the animal's deafness to the voice of the charmer:

He lith down his one ere al plat
Unto the ground and halt it faste,
And eke that other ere als faste
He stoppeth with his tail so sore,
That he the wordes lasse or more
Of his enchauntement ne hereth.

Conf. Am. I. p. 57.

Shakespeare has the form aspick (Ant. and Cl. v. 2; Oth. III. 3), which is like the modern Greek form of the word, άσπικ.

Assay, v.t. (Deut. iv. 34; I Sam. xvii. 39; Job iv. 2; 2 Macc. ii. 23; Acts ix. 26, xvi. 7 ; Heb. xi. 29). To attempt, try. From Med. Lat. exagium 'a test, which is derived from exigere, comes Fr. essayer, 'to try, put to the proof.'

The second of the passages in which the word occurs is illustrated by the following from Hall's Chronicle, describing an alarm in the camp of the Earl of Richmond;

With which newes the armie was sore troubled, and euery man assaied his armure, and proued his weapon. Rich. III. f. 27 a. And whan that he was thus arraied, And hath his harness all assaied.

Gower, Conf. Am. III. p. 57.

He rode a course to assay his stede.

Sire Eglamour, 571.

In this sense it is of common occurrence:

Good is that we assaye,

Wher he be deed or noght deed.

Piers Ploughman's Vision, 12213.

Assayth expugnation of divers castells. Pol. Verg. p. 78.
If this should fail,

And that our drift lack through our bad performance,
"Twere better not assayed.

Shakespeare, Ham. IV. 7. It is now chiefly used of the testing of precious metals.

Assemble, v.refl. (Num. x. 3; Is. xlv. 20, &c.). Used as a reflexive verb originally, as endeavour, repent, retire, submit, and many others.

The mayre with all the aldermen and chiefe comeners of the citie in their beste maner apparailed, assembling themself together resorted vnto Baynardes castell where the protector lay. Sir T. More, Works, p. 65 b.

The phrase 'assemble into' occurs in Jer. xxi. 4. Shakespeare uses the construction 'assemble to.'

To me and to the state of my great grief

Let kings assemble.

And transitively;

K. John, III. I.

Assemble presently the people hither.

Coriol. III. 3.

Assure, v. t. (Ps. lxxxi. 9, Pr. Bk.). 'I will assure thee, O Israel,' is the translation in the Prayer-Book Version of what the A. V. renders, I will testify unto thee, O Israel,' and the Geneva Version, 'I will protest unto thee; O Israel.'

And eche of hem assureth other
To helpe as to his owne brother
To vengen hem of thilke outrage
And winne agein her heritage.

Gower, Conf. Am. I. p. 339.

This shall assure my constant loyalty.

Shakespeare, 3 Hen. VI. III. 3.

In the contents of John xiv., xvi., it is used for 'ensure.'

Burgundy hath been privy to this plot;
Conspir'd with Lewis and the English king,
To save his own stake, and assure himself
Of all those seignories I hoped for.

Heywood, 2 Ed. IV. 1. 5.

Assuredness, sb. (Deut. vii. c.). Assurance, security. But suche persones as vtterly mistrustyng their owne assurednesse, that is to saie, al worldly ayde and maintenaunce of man, dooe wholly depende of Gods defense and helpe: suche and none others are liable to stande sure. Udal's Erasm. Luke, c. 22.

Asswage, v.i. (Gen. viii. 1). From Lat. suavis, 'sweet,' and O. Fr. soeƒ, souef, 'sweet, soft,' is derived assouager, 'to soften, allay,' as abreger from brevis, O. E. agregge from gravis, and alegge from levis.

In Gen. viii. I it is used intransitively, 'the water asswaged,' i.e. subsided. So in Gower, Conf. Am. 1. p. 333 ; My sone, attempre thy corage

Fro wrath, and let thin hert assuage.

In Job xvi. 5, Ecclus. xviii. 16, and 'Visitation of the Sick,' it occurs as an active verb; so Piers Ploughman, Vis. 2716;

May no sugre ne swete thyng
Aswage my swellyng?

And Shakespeare (Coriol. v. 2), 'The good gods assuage thy wrath.' The form 'swage' is also of frequent

occurrence.

Astonied, pp. (Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9, &c.). O. Fr. estonner. Astonished. Astonied is one of a numerous class of words derived from the Norman French, which had two coexistent forms, one of which only has survived. For instance, abash and abay or abawe; burnish and