which will eat out the greene bud, knot and all. Holland's Pliny, XVII. 24.

The fayrest rose has his canker, the brauest braunch his caterpillars. Greene, Mourn. Garment, p. 29.

Captivate, v.t. (1 Sam. xiv.c.; 2 Kin. xvii.c.; 2 Chr. xxviii. 3; Jer. xxxix.c.). In its literal sense of 'to take captive.' re.' So Shakespeare,

How ill beseeming is it in thy sex
To triumph, like an Amazonian trull,
Upon their woes, whom fortune captivates.

3 Hen. VI. I. 4.

And when the captivated king would have fallen upon his knees, &c. Bland, Soldier's March to Salvation, p. 38.

They that are wise, had rather haue their iudgements at libertie in differences of readings, then to be captivated to one, when it may be the other. The Translators to the Reader.

Careful, adj. (Dan. iii. 16). Anxious. 'To be careful,' to care. The phrase in the original is elsewhere translated 'there is no necessity' (Ezra vi. 9), 'that which they have need of' (vii. 20), 'whatsoever more shall be needful;' so here it means 'we do not think it needful;' or, as we sometimes say, 'we do not care to answer.'

The eagle suffers little birds to sing,

And is not careful what they mean thereby.

Shakespeare, Tit. And. IV. 4.

Chaucer and Milton use it in its literal sense of 'full of care,' 'anxious.' Compare Jer. xvii. 8; Luke x. 41; Phil. iv. 6.

Than wolde sche sit adoun upon the grene,
And pitously into the see biholde,

And seyn right thus, with careful sikes colde.

Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 11167.

The careful plowman doubting stands,

Lest on the threshing floor his hopeful sheaves
Prove chaff. P. L. IV. 983.

Carefulness, sb. (Ezek. xii. 18, 19; 1 Cor. vii. 32; 2 Cor. vii. 11). Anxiety, care.

This petition is a remedy against this wicked carefulness of men, when they seek how to live, and how to get their livings, in such wise, like as if there were no God at all. Latimer, Serm. p. 400.

Careless, adj. (Judg. xviii. 7; Ezek. xxx. 9). In its literal sense of 'void of care,' corresponding to the Lat. securus and E. secure.

Raise up the organs of her fantasy,
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy.

Shakespeare, Merry Wives, v. 5.

Carriage, sb. (Judg. xviii. 21; I Sam. xvii. 20, 22; xxvi. 5; 1 Chr. xv. 22; Is. x. 28; xlvi. 1; Acts xxi. 15). It. carreaggio, carriaggio, from carro a car. 'Baggage, luggage, something requiring to be carried,' not 'the act of carrying,' or 'the vehicle whereon anything is carried.'

In the myddle parte of the armye he appoynted the trafficke and cariage apperteignynge to the armye. Hall, Rich. III. f. 286.

It occurs in the same sense in the margin of Num. iv. 24; 1 Sam. xvii. 20.

Vp they gotte theyr heauie cariage to the house roufe in the outsyde, and the tylyng pulled away, they let down the sicke man with chordes. Udal's Erasmus, Luke, f. 69 r.

John Fastolf... had intelligence of his comming, by meane of scurryers, and forthwith caused the cariage to stay, araying his men in order rounde about the same. Pol. Vergil, II. 21.

Cast, sb. (Luke xxii. 41). A throw; a stone's cast is a stone's throw.

But when we came to enter with our barge and wherries thinking to haue gone vp some fortie miles to the nations of the Cassipagotos, we were not able with a barge of eight oares to rowe one stones cast in an hower. Ralegh, Guiana, p. 80.

Cast, v.t. (Luke i. 29). To consider, plan.

Tho mov'd with wrath, and shame, and ladies sake
Of all attonce he cast aveng'd to be.

Spenser, F. Q. 1. 5. § 12. They did not cast the streets, nor proportion the houses in such comely fashion, as had bene most sightly, and conuenient. The Translators to the Reader.

Cast, pp. (Jer. xxxviii. 11). Cast off. Still used provincially; so Shakespeare (As You Like It, III. 4);

He hath bought a pair of cast lips of Diana.

Cast about, to (Jer. xli. 14). To go round, turn. The Hebrew is elsewhere translated 'go about,' 'compass,' 'compass about,' 'fetch a compass,' 'turn,' 'turn aside,' &c. The phrase 'cast about' is found in Gower (Conf. Am. I. p. 317);

Than cast I all the worlde about.

Musidorus could doe no more but perswade the mariners to cast about againe, assuring them that he was a man, although of most deuine excellencies, and promising great rewards for their paine. Sidney, Arcadia, I. p. 4.

Castaway, sb. (1 Cor. ix. 27). An outcast.

And she whom mighty kingdoms court'sy to,
Like a forlorn and desperate castaway,

Do shameful execution on herself.

Shakespeare, Tit. And. v. 3.

Catholic, adj. (1 John iv. c.). In its original and literal sense of 'universal,' which is the sense in which the word is always used in the Prayer Book.

Let it therefore be taken for a point of catholic religion, not to bring in or admit anything in our expositions which others have alleged against the received articles of our faith.

Bullinger, Decades, 1. p. 76.

८

Caul, sb. (Is. iii. 18). Fr. cale, a small cap; whence calotte, a skull cap. Properly a net.

Let se, which is the proudest of hem alle,

That werith on a coverchief or a calle.

Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 6600.

Then when they had despoild her tire and call,
Such as she was, their eyes might her behold.

Spenser, F. Q. 1. 8. § 46.

The marginal reading for 'cauls' in the above passage is 'networks.'

16,

Causey, sb. (1 Chr. xxvi. 18; Prov. xv. 19, m.; xvi. 3/but 19, m.; Is. vii. 9, m.). From the Fr. chaussée, 'a paved be in road,' which is the same as the Med. Lat. calcea, calceata, 4.1611 or calcetum, a road paved with chalk or flint stones (Lat.

cala, chalk). Our word is also written in the form 'causeyway,' probably from an impression that the syllable udwan-way in 'causeway' was part of the root, whereas it is simply a corruption of 'causey.' 'To keep the crown of the causey,' and 'to take the crown of the causey,' are common Scotch phrases. See Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary.

/

This plain aforesaid named Laboriæ, is confined on both sides with the great causeis or high waies raised by the consuls. Holland's Pliny, XVIII. II.

Cavillation, sb. Scoffing, cavilling; Lat. cavillatio.

Yet it seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to them, to take that which they found, (the same being for the greatest part true and sufficient) rather then by making a new, in that new world and greene age of the Church, to expose themselues to many exceptions and cauillations. The Translators to the Reader.

Then she knelide downe vpone hir knees, ande saide, "Lorde, for his love that hinge vpone the crosse, do tel me in certene whiche of hem is my sone, with oute cauillacione."

Gesta Romanorum, ed. Madden, p. 190.

Certain, adj. (Num. xvi. 2; Neh. i. 2, 4). Used indefinitely.

For which this marchaund is to Paris goon,
To borwe of certeyn frendes that he hadde
A certein frankes.

Chaucer, The Shipman's Tale, 14745. We read how Judas Machabeus, that hearty captain, sendeth certain money to Jerusalem, to make a sacrifice for the dead. Latimer, Serm. p. 515.

Certain, a. 'Know for a certain' occurs 1 Kin. ii. 42; where we should now use either 'a certainty,' or 'certain.' See under A, p. 3, for other examples of the redundancy of the article.

Certify, v.t. (Ps. xxxiv. 5, Pr. Book). To assure.
Besides Antonio certified the Duke
They were not with Bassanio in his ship.

Shakespeare, Mer. of Ven. II. 8.

Chafed, pp. (2 Sam. xvii. 8). From Lat. calefacere, 'to make warm,' through the Fr. échauffer and chauffer. In its primary sense 'heated or inflamed with anger.' The Heb. for 'chafed in their minds' is literally, as the margin of our version gives it, 'bitter of soul.' The following passages illustrate the original and derived senses of the word:

Fain would I go chafe his paly lips
With twenty thousand kisses.

Shakespeare, 2 Hen. VI. III. 2.

So looks the chafed lion Upon the daring huntsman that has gall'd him.

Hen. VIII. III. 2.

The Cardinall perceived that yo quene euer the longer the farther of, and also that she began to kyndle and chafe.

Hall, Ed. V. fol. 12a.

Ye shall haue other such like vermin engender likewise in the very grain of the corn, namely, when the ear doth glow within, and is chafed with sultry hot rains. Holland's Pliny, XVIII. 17.

The steps by which the word has acquired its modern sense seem to be the following; first, to warm; then to warm by rubbing; and finally, to rub generally.