Or what her likeness, know not. Man surveys 620 Brought down, and shines throughout her little A narrower scene, where, by the mix'd effect
Of things corporeal on his passive mind, He judgeth what is fair. Corporeal things The mind of man impel with various powers, And various features to his eye disclose.
The powers which move his sense with instant joy, The features which attract his heart to love, He marks, combines, reposits. Other powers And features of the self-same thing (unless
The beauteous form, the creature of his mind, 630 Request their close alliance) he o'erlooks Forgotten; or with self beguiling zeal, Whene'er his passions mingle in the work, Half alters, half disowns. The tribes of mer.
Thus from their different functions and the shapes Familiar to their eye, with art obtain, Unconscious of their purpose, yet with art Obtain the beauty fitting man to love;
Exulting. Straight, as travellers by night [sphere, Turn toward a distant flame, so some fit eye, Among the various tenants of the scene, Discerns the heaven-born phantom seated there, And owns her charms. Hence the wide universe, Through all the seasons of revolving worlds, Bears witness with its people, gods and men, To beauty's blissful power, and with the voice 685 Of grateful admiration still resounds: That voice, to which is beauty's frame divine As is the cunning of the master's hand To the sweet accent of the well-tuned lyre.
Genius of ancient Greece, whose faithful steps Have led us to these awful solitudes
Of nature and of science; nurse revered
His mind's high aid, to purify the form From matter's gross communion; to secure For ever, from the meddling hand of change Or rude decay, her features; and to add Whatever ornaments may suit her mien, Where'er he finds them scatter'd through the paths Of nature or of fortune. Then he seats The accomplish'd image deep within his breast, Reviews it, and accounts it good and fair.
Thus the one beauty of the world entire, The universal Venus, far beyond The keenest effort of created eyes,
And their most wide horizon, dwells enthroned In ancient silence. At her footstool stands An altar burning with eternal fire Unsullied, unconsumed. Here every hour, Here every moment, in their turns arrive
Her offspring; an innumerable band
Of generous counsels and heroic deeds; O! let some portion of thy matchless praise Dwell in my breast, and teach me to adorn This unattempted theme. Nor be my thoughts Presumptuous counted, if amid the calm Which Hesper sheds along the vernal heaven, If I, from vulgar superstition's walk Impatient steal, and from the unseemly rites 700 Of splendid adulation, to attend With hymns thy presence in the sylvan shade, By their malignant footsteps unprofaned. Come, O renowned power; thy glowing mien Such, and so elevated all thy form, As when the great barbaric lord, again
650 And yet again diminish'd, hid his face Among the herd of satraps and of kings; And, at the lightning of thy lifted spear, Crouch'd like a slave. Bring all thy martial spoils, Thy palms, thy laurels, thy triumphal songs, Thy smiling band of arts, thy godlike sires Of civil wisdom, thy unconquer'd youth After some glorious day rejoicing round Their new-erected trophy. Guide my feet Through fair Lyceum's walk, the olive shades Of Academus, and the sacred vale Haunted by steps divine, where once beneath That ever-living platane's ample boughs
Ilissus, by Socratic sounds detain'd,
On his neglected urn attentive lay;
Of sisters, comely all; but differing far In age, in stature, and expressive mien, More than bright Helen from her new-born babe. To this maternal shrine in turns they come, Each with her sacred lamp; that from the source Of living flame, which here immortal flows, Their portions of its lustre they may draw For days, or months, or years; for ages, some; As their great parent's discipline requires. Then to their several mansions they depart, In stars, in planets, through the unknown shores Of yon ethereal ocean. Who can tell Even on the surface of this rolling earth, How many make abode? The fields, the groves, The winding rivers and the azure main, Are render'd solemn by their frequent feet, Their rites sublime. There each her destined
While Boreas, lingering on the neighbouring steep With beauteous Orithyia, his love-tale
In silent awe suspended. There let me
With blameless hand, from thy unenvious fields, 725 Transplant some living blossoms, to adorn
My native clime: while, far beyond the meed Of fancy's toil aspiring, Í unlock
The springs of ancient wisdom: while I add
(What cannot be disjoin'd from beauty's praise) 730
Thy name and native dress, thy works beloved And honour'd: while to my compatriot youth I point the great example of thy sons, And tune to Attic themes the British lyre.
Introduction to this more difficult part of the subject. Of truth and its three classes, matter of fact, experi mental or scientifical truth, (contra-distinguished from opinion) and universal truth: which last is either metaphysical or geometrical, either purely intellectual or perfectly abstracted.-On the power of discerning truth depends that of acting with the view of an end; a circumstance essential to virtue.-Of virtue, considered in the divine mind as a perpetual and universal beneficence.-Of human virtue, considered as a system of particular sentiments and actions, suitable to the design of Providence and the condition of man: to whom it constitutes the chief good cnd the first beauty.-Of vice and its origin.-Of ridicule; its general nature and final cause.-Of the passions; particularly of those which relate to evil, natural or moral, and which are generally accounted painful, though not always unattended with pleasure.
THUS far of beauty and the pleasing forms Which man's untutor'd fancy, from the scenes Imperfect of this ever-changing world,
Creates; and views, enamour'd. Now my song Severer themes demand: mysterious truth; And virtue, sovran good: the spells, the trains, The progeny of error: the dread sway Of passion; and whatever hidden stores From her own lofty deeds and from herself The mind acquires. Severer argument: Not less attractive; nor deserving less A constant ear. For what are all the forms Educed by fancy from corporeal things, Greatness, or pomp, or symmetry of parts? Not tending to the heart, soon feeble grows, As the blunt arrow 'gainst the knotty trunk, Their impulse on the sense: while the pall'd eye Expects in vain its tribute; asks in vain, Where are the ornaments it once admired? Not so the moral species, nor the powers Of passion and of thought. The ambitious mind With objects boundless as her own desires Can there converse: by these unfading forms Touch'd and awaken'd still, with eager act She bends each nerve, and meditates well pleased Her gifts, her godlike fortune. Such the scenes 26 Now opening round us. May the destined verse Maintain its equal tenor, though in tracts Obscure and arduous. May the Source of light, All-present, all-sufficient, guide our steps Through every maze; and whom in childish years From the loud throng, the beaten paths of wealth And power, thou didst apart send forth to speak In tuneful words concerning highest things, Him still do thou, O Father, at those hours Of pensive freedom, when the human soul Shuts out the rumour of the world, him still Touch thou with secret lessons: call thou back Each erring thought; and let the yielding strains From his full bosom, like a welcome rill Spontaneous from its healthy fountain, flow.
Hath fate imparted : but to man alone Of sublunary beings was it given
Each fleeting impulse on the sensual powers At leisure to review; with equal eye To scan the passion of the stricken nerve Or the vague object striking: to conduct From sense, the portal turbulent and loud, Into the mind's wide palace one by one The frequent, pressing, fluctuating forms, And question and compare them. Thus he learns Their birth and fortunes; how allied they haunt The avenues of sense; what laws direct Their union; and what various discords rise, Or fix'd or casual: which when his clear thought Retains, and when his faithful words express That living image of the external scene, As in a polish'd mirror held to view, Is truth: where'er it varies from the shape And hue of its exemplar, in that part Dim error lurks. Moreover, from without When oft the same society of forms
But from what name, what favourable sign, What heavenly auspice, rather shall I date My perilous excursion, than from truth, That nearest inmate of the human soul; Estranged from whom, the countenance divine Of man disfigured and dishonour'd sinks Among inferior things? For to the brutes Perception and the transient boons of sense
In the same order have approach'd his mind, He deigns no more their steps with curious heed To trace; no more their features or their garb He now examines; but of them and their Condition, as with some diviner's tongue, Affirms what heaven in every distant place, Through every future season, will decree. This too is truth: Where'er his prudent lips Wait till experience diligent and slow Has authorized their sentence, this is truth; A second, higher kind: the parent this Of science; or the lofty power herself, Science herself: on whom the wants and cares Of social life depend; the substitute Of God's own wisdom in this toilsome world; The providence of man. Yet oft in vain, To earn her aid, with fix'd and anxious eye He looks on nature's and on fortune's course: Too much in vain. His duller visual ray The stillness and the persevering acts Of nature oft elude; and fortune oft With step fantastic from her wonted walk Turns into mazes dim. His sight is foil'd;
Secure, unshaken, still; and whence he views, In matter's mouldering structures, the pure forms Of triangle or circle, cube or cone, Impassive all: whose attributes nor force Nor fate can alter. There he first conceives True being, and an intellectual world
The same this hour and ever. Thence he deems Of his own lot; above the painted shapes That fleeting move o'er this terrestrial scene Looks up; beyond the adamantine gates Of death expatiates: as his birthright claims Inheritance in all the works of God: Prepares for endless time his plan of life, And counts the universe itself his home.
Which feed thy mind and exercise her powers, Partake the relish of their native soil,
Their parent earth. But know, a nobler dower Her sire at birth decreed her; purer gifts From his own treasure; forms which never deign'd In eyes or ears to dwell, within the sense Of earthly organs; but sublime were placed In his essential reason, leading there That vast ideal host which all his works Through endless ages never will reveal. Thus then endow'd, the feeble creature man, The slave of hunger and the prey of death. Even now, even here, in earth's dim prison bound, The language of intelligence divine Attains; repeating oft concerning one And many, pass'd and present, parts and whole, Those sovran dictates which in farthest heaven, 115 Where no orb rolls, eternity's fix'd ear Hears from coeval truth, which chance or change, Nature's loud progeny, nor nature's self Dares intermeddle or approach her throne. Ere long, o'er this corporeal world he earns To extend her sway; while calling from the deep, From earth and air, their multitudes untold Of figures and of motions round his walk, For each wide family some single birth He sets in view, the impartial type of all Its brethren; suffering it to claim, beyond Their common heritage, no private gift, No proper fortune. Then whate'er his eye In this discerns, his bold, unerring tongue Pronounceth of the kindred, without bound, Without condition. Such the rise of forms Sequester'd far from sense and every spot Peculiar in the realms of space or time: Such is the throne which man for truth amid The paths of mutability hath built
For (if a mortal tongue may speak of him And his dread ways) even as his boundless eye, Connecting every form and every change, Beholds the perfect beauty; so his will, Through every hour producing good to all The family of creatures, is itself The perfect virtue. Let the grateful swain Remember this, as oft with joy and praise He looks upon the falling dews which clothe His lawns with verdure, and the tender seed Nourish within his furrows: when between Dead seas and burning skies, where long unmoved The bark had languish'd, now a rustling gale 211 Lifts o'er the fickle waves her dancing prow, Let the glad pilot, bursting out in thanks, Remember this: lest blind o'erweening pride Pollute their offerings: let their selfish heart 215 Say to the heavenly Ruler, "At our call Relents thy power: by us thy arm is moved." Fools! who of God as of each other deem: Who his invariable acts deduce
From sudden counsels transient as their own; 220 Nor farther of his bounty, than the event Which haply meets their loud and eager prayer, Acknowledge; nor, beyond the drop minute Which haply they have tasted, heed the source That flows for all; the fountain of his love Which, from the summit where he sits enthroned, Pours health and joy, unfailing streams, throughout The spacious region flourishing in view, The goodly work of his eternal day, His own fair universe; on which alone His counsels fix, and whence alone his will Assumes her strong direction. His sovran purpose: such it was before All multitude of years. For his right arm Was never idle: his bestowing love Knew no beginning; was not as a change Of mood that woke at last and started up After a deep and solitary sloth
On every walk of this our social scene, Adorning for the eye of gods and men The passions, actions, habitudes of life, And rendering earth like heaven, a sacred place Where love and praise may take delight to dwell? Let none with heedless tongue from truth disjoin The reign of virtue. Ere the dayspring flow'd, Like sisters link'd in concord's golden chain, They stood before the great eternal Mind, Their common parent; and by him were both Sent forth among his creatures, hand in hand, Inseparably join'd: nor e'er did truth Find an apt ear to listen to her lore,
Which knew not virtue's voice; nor, save where Majestic words are heard and understood, [truth's Doth virtue deign to inhabit. Go, inquire, Of nature not among Tartarian rocks, Whither the hungry vulture with its prey Returns: not where the lion's sullen roar At noon resounds along the lonely banks Of ancient Tigris: but her gentler scenes, The dove-cote and the shepherd's fold at morn, Consult; or by the meadow's fragrant hedge, 175 In spring-time when the woodlands first are green, Attend the linnet singing to his mate
Couch'd o'er their tender young. To this fond care Thou dost not virtue's honourable name Attribute: wherefore, save that not one gleam 180 Of truth did e'er discover to themselves Their little hearts, or teach them, by the effects Of that parental love, the love itself) To judge, and measure its officious deeds? But man, whose eyelids truth has fill'd with day, Discerns how skilfully to bounteous ends His wise affections move; with free accord Adopts their guidance; yields himself secure To nature's prudent impulse; and converts
To fill the void below. As flame ascends, As vapours to the earth in showers return, As the poised ocean toward the attracting moon Swells, and the ever-listening planets charm'd By the sun's call their onward pace incline, So all things which have life aspire to God, Exhaustless fount of intellectual day, Centre of souls. Nor doth the mastering voice Of nature cease within to prompt aright Their steps: nor is the care of heaven withheld From sending to the toil external aid, That in their stations all may persevere To climb the ascent of being, and approach For ever nearer to the life divine.
But this eternal fabric was not raised
For man's inspection. Though to some be given
With all their duties: hence that favourite palm Of human will, when duty is sufficed, And still the liberal soul in ampler deeds Would manifest herself; that sacred sign Of her revered affinity to him
Whose bounties are his own; to whom none said, "Create the wisest, fullest, fairest world, And make its offspring happy;" who, intent Some likeness of himself among his works To view, hath pour'd into the human breast A ray of knowledge and of love, which guides Earth's feeble race to act their Maker's part Self-judging, self-obliged: while, from before That godlike function, the gigantic power Necessity, though wont to curb the force Of Chaos and the savage elements, Retires abash'd, as from a scene too high For her brute tyranny, and with her bears Her scorned followers, terror, and base awe Who blinds herself, and that ill-suited pair, Obedience link'd with hatred. Then the soul Arises in her strength; and looking round Her busy sphere, whatever work she views, Whatever counsel bearing any trace Of her Creator's likeness, whether apt To aid her fellows or preserve herself In her superior functions unimpair'd, Thither she turns exulting: that she claims As her peculiar good: on that, through all The fickle seasons of the day, she looks With reverence still: to that, as to a fence Against affliction and the darts of pain, Her drooping hopes repair: and, once opposed To that, all other pleasure, other wealth Vile, as the dross upon the molten gold, Appears, and loathsome as the briny sea To him who languishes with thirst and sighs For some known fountain pure. For what can strive With virtue? Which of nature's regions vast 330 Can in so many forms produce to sight Such powerful beauty? beauty, which the eye Of hatred cannot look upon secure : Which envy's self contemplates, and is turn'd Ere long to tenderness, to infant smiles, Or tears of humblest love. Is ought so fair
In all the dewy landscapes of the spring, The summer's noontide groves, the purple eve At harvest-home, or in the frosty moon
For lo the tyrant prostrate on the dust, And Rome again is free? Thus, through Of human life, in various pomp array'd Walks the wise daughter of the judge of heaven, 375 Fair virtue; from her father's throne supreme Sent down to utter laws, such as on earth Most apt he knew, most powerful to promote The weal of all his works, the gracious end of his dread empire. And though haply man's 380 Obscurer sight, so far beyond himself And the brief labours of his little home, Extends not; yet, by the bright presence won Of this divine instructress, to her sway Pleased he assents, nor heeds the distant goal To which her voice conducts him. Thus hath God, Still looking toward Lis own high purpose, fix'd The virtues of his creatures; thus he rules The parent's fondness and the patriot's zeal ; Thus the warm sense of honour and of shame; 390 The vows of gratitude, the faith of love; And all the comely intercourse of praise, The joy of human life, the earthly heaven.
How far unlike them must the lot of guilt Be found or what terrestrial wo can match The self-convicted bosom, which hath wrought The bane of others or enslaved itself With shackles vile? Not poison, nor sharp fire, Nor the worst pangs that ever monkish hate Suggested, or despotic rage imposed,
Were at that season an unwish'd exchange: When the soul loathes herself: when, flying thence To crowds, on every brow she sees portray'd Fell demons, hate or scorn, which drive her back To solitude, her Judge's voice divine To hear in secret, haply sounding through The troubled dreams of midnight, and still, still Demanding for his violated laws
Fit recompense, or charging her own tongue To speak the award of justice on herself. For well she knows what faithful hints within Were whisper'd, to beware the lying forms Which turn'd her footsteps from the safer way: What cautions to suspect their painted dress, And look with steady eyelid on their smiles, Their frowns, their tears. In vain. The dazzling
Glittering on some smooth sea, is aught so fair 340 As virtuous friendship? as the honour'd roof Whither from highest heaven immortal Love His torch ethereal and his golden bow Propitious brings, and there a temple holds To whose unspotted service gladly vow'd The social band of parent, brother, child, With smiles and sweet discourse and gentle deeds Adore his power? what gift of richest clime E'er drew such eager eyes, or prompted such Deep wishes, as the zeal that snatcheth back From slander's poisonous tooth a foe's renown; Or crosseth danger in his lion walk, A rival's life to rescue? as the young
Athenian warrior sitting down in bonds, That his great father's body might not want A peaceful, humble tomb the Roman wife Teaching her lord how harmless was the wound Of death, how impotent the tyrant's rage, Who nothing more could threaten to afflict⚫ Their faithful love? Or is there in the abyss, 360 Is there, among the adamantine spheres Wheeling unshaken through the boundless void, Aught that with half such majesty can fill The human bosom, as when Brutus rose Refulgent from the stroke of Cæsar's fate, Amid the crowd of patriots; and, his arm Aloft extending like eternal Jove
When guilt brings down the thunder, call'd aloud On Tully's name, and shook the crimson sword Of justice in his rapt, astonish'd eye, And bade the father of his country hail,
One homebred colour: which not all the lights Of science e'er shall change; not all the storms 455 Of adverse fortune wash away, nor yet
The robe of purest virtue quite conceal. Thence on they pass, where meeting frequent shapes Of good and evil, cunning phantoms apt
To fire or freeze the breast, with them they join 460
Most tender, with affliction's sacred tears, Beseech his aid; though gratitude and faith Condemn each step which loiters; yet let none Make answer for him that, if any frown Of danger thwart his path, he will not stay, Content, and be a wretch to be secure. Here vice begins then: at the gate of life, Ere the young multitude to diverse roads Part, like fond pilgrims on a journey unknown, Sits fancy, deep enchantress; and to each With kind maternal looks presents her bowl, A potent beverage. Heedless they comply: Till the whole soul from that mysterious draught Is tinged, and every transient thought imbibes Of gladness or disgust, desire or fear
In dangerous parley; listening oft, and oft Gazing with reckless passion, while its garb The spectre heightens, and its pompous tale Repeats with some new circumstance to suit That early tincture of the hearer's soul. And should the guardian, reason, but for one Short moment yield to this illusive scene His ear and eye, the intoxicating charm Involves him, till no longer he discerns, Or only guides to err. Then revel forth
A furious band that spurn him from the throne, And all is uproar. Hence ambition climbs With sliding feet and hands impure, to grasp Those solemn toys which glitter in his view
On fortune's rugged steep: hence pale revenge 475 Unsheaths her murderous dagger: rapine hence And envious lust, by venal fraud upborne, Surmount the reverend barrier of the laws
Which kept them from their prey: hence all the crines
That e'er defiled the earth, and all the plagues 480 That follow them for vengeance, in the guise Of honour, safety, pleasure, ease or pomp, Stole first into the fond, believing mind.
Yet not by fancy's witchcraft on the brain Are always the tumultuous passions driven To guilty deeds, nor reason bound in chains That vice alone may lord it. Oft, adorn'd With motley pageants, folly mounts his throne, And plays her idiot antics, like a queen.
A thousand garbs she wears: a thousand ways 490 She whirls her giddy empire. Lo, thus far With bold adventure to the Mantuan lyre I sing for contemplation link'd with love A pensive theme. Now haply should my song Unbend that serious countenance, and learn Thalia's tripping gait, her shrill-toned voice, Her wiles familiar: whether scorn she darts In wanton ambush from her lip or eye, Or whether with a sad disguise of care O'ermantling her gay brow, she acts in sport The deeds of folly, and from all sides round Calls forth impetuous laughter's gay rebuke; Her province. But through every comic scene To lead my Muse with her light pencil arm'd; Through every swift occasion which the hand 505 Of laughter points at, when the mirthful sting Distends her labouring sides and chokes her tongue; Were endless as to sound each grating note With which the rooks, and chattering daws, and
Unwieldy inmates of the village pond, The changing seasons of the sky proclaim; Sun, cloud, or shower. Suffice it to have said, Where'er the power of ridicule displays Her quaint-eyed visage, some incongruous form, Some stubborn dissonance of things combined, 515. Strikes on her quick perception: whether pomp, Or praise, or beauty be dragg'd in and shown Where sordid fashions, where ignoble deeds, Where foul deformity is wont to dwell;
Or whether these with shrewd and wayward spite Invade resplendent pomp's imperious mien, The charms of beauty, or the boast of praise.
Ask we for what fair end the almighty Sire In mortal bosoms stirs this gay contempt, These grateful pangs of laughter; from disgust 525 Educing pleasure? Wherefore, but to aid The tardy steps of reason, and at once By this prompt impulse urge us to depress Wild folly's aims? For though the sober light
Of truth slow-dawning on the watchful mind 530 At length unfolds, through many a subtile tie, How these uncouth disorders end at last In public evil; yet benignant heaven, Conscious how dim the dawn of truth appears To thousands, conscious what a scanty pause 535 From labour and from care the wider lot Of humble life affords for studious thought To scan the maze of nature, therefore stamp'd These glaring scenes with characters of scorn, As broad, as obvious to the passing clown As to the letter'd sage's curious eye.
The path of her inexorable wheels,
While she pursues the work that must be done Thro' ocean, earth, and air. Hence frequent forms Of wo; the merchant, with his wealthy bark, 551 Buried by dashing waves; the traveller Pierced by the pointed lightning in his haste; And the poor husbandman, with folded arms, Surveying his lost labours, and a heap Of blasted chaff the product of the field Whence he expected bread. But worse than these I deem, far worse, that other race of ills Which human kind rear up among themselves, That horrid offspring which misgovern'd will 560 Bears to fantastic error; vices, crimes, Furies that curse the earth, and make the blows, The heaviest blows, of nature's innocent hand Seem sport; which are indeed but as the care Of a wise parent, who solicits good To all her house, though haply at the price Of tears and froward wailing and reproach From some unthinking child, whom not the less Its mother destines to be happy still.
These sources then of pain, this double lot 570 Of evil in the inheritance of man, Required for his protection no slight force, No careless watch. And therefore was his breast Fenced round with passions quick to be alarm'd, Or stubborn to oppose; with fear, more swift 575 Than beacons catching flaine from hill to hill, Where armies land: with anger, uncontroll'd As the young lion bounding on his prey; With sorrow that locks up the struggling heart, And shame, that overcasts the drooping eye As with a cloud of lightning. These the part Perform of eager monitors, and goad The soul more sharply than with points of steel, Her enemies to shun or to resist,
And as those passions, that converse with good, Are good themselves; as hope and love and joy, Among the fairest and the sweetest boons Of life, we rightly count: to these, which guard Against invading evil, still excite 589
Some pain, some tumult: these, within the mind Too oft admitted or too long retain'd,
Shock their frail seat, and by their uncurbed rage To savages more fell than Libya breeds Transform themselves: till human thought be-
Their temper void of comfort, though in pain? 605 Who knows not with what majesty divine The forms of truth and justice to the mind Appear, ennobling oft the sharpest wo With triumph and rejoicing? who, that bears A human bosom, hath not often felt How dear are all those ties wnich bind our race In gentleness together, and how sweet Their force, let fortune's wayward hand the while Be kind or cruel? Ask the faithful youth Why the cold urn of her whom long he loved, 615 So often fills his arms; so often draws His lonely footsteps, silent and unseen, To pay the mournful tribute of his tears? Oh! he will tell thee that the wealth of worlds Should ne'er seduce his bosom to forego Those sacred hours when stealing from the noise Of care and envy, sweet remembrance soothes With virtue's kindest looks his aching breast, And turns his tears to rapture? Ask the crowd, Which flies impatient from the village walk To climb the neighbouring cliffs, when far below The savage winds have hurl'd upon the coast Some helpless bark; while holy pity melts The general eye, or terror's icy hand
Smites their distorted limbs and horrent hair; 630 While every mother closer to her breast Catcheth her child, and, pointing where the waves Foam through the shatter'd vessel, shrieks aloud As one poor wretch, who spreads his piteous
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