Fig. 31. Stamen of Chloranthus monostachys: a, connectivum.

Fig. 32. Stamen of Eriodendron Samaüma; after Von Martius: anther sinuous and one-celled.

PLATE IV.

Figs. 1, 2, 3. Different views of the stamens and stigma of Stylidium violaceum; after Ferdinand Bauer: a a, anthers; b, a column formed by the union of their filaments; c, a cup-like disk, consisting of the flattened and united apices of the filaments; d, the stigma, the style of which is united with the column of filaments through its whole length. Fig. 1. The anthers when burst, seen in front; fig. 3. the same, from behind; fig. 2. the anthers pushed aside, so as to show the stigma.

Fig. 4. Stamen of Rhynchanthera cordata; after Von Martius: a, a minute membrane that separates the filament d from the elongated connectivum c; b, the attenuated beak-like apex of the anther, opening by a single pore at the point. Fig. 5. Stamen of Lasiandra Maximiliana; after Von Martius: a, dilated bases of the two cells of the anther; b, pore at the apex, through which the pollen is discharged.

Fig. 6. Stamen of Glossarrhen floribundus; after Von Martius: a, a dilated petaloid connectivum, to the face of which the lobes of the anther adhere; b, the filament.

Fig. 7. Stamen of Lacistema pubescens; after Von Martius: a, filament; b, forked connectivum; c c, separate lobes of the anther.

Fig. 8. Stamen of Gomphrena leucocephala; after Von Martius: two-toothed filament, bearing a linear one-celled anther.

a, broad dilated

Fig. 9. Stamen of Humirium floribundum; after Von Martius: a, a large tuberculated petaloid connectivum.

Fig. 10.

Stamen of a species of Cryptocarya, from Chili, in which the anther opens, as in other Laurineæ, by valves that roll back when they separate: a, one lobe of the anther, with the valve not separated; b, the other lobe, with the valve in the act of rolling back; cc, abortive stamens, under the form of glands.

Fig. 11. Stamen of Berberis vulgaris, exhibiting the same phenomenon: a, valve closed; b, valve separated and recurved.

All the following figures of pollen are taken, with scarcely any alteration, from Purkinje, and are drawn to the same scale, so that their relative sizes are shown.