for gentlemen to go to market than ladies, and gentlemen very frequently carry home their purchase, especially if it be poultry, in their own hands. I have again and again met a man of considerable property carrying home a turkey in his hand. I afterwards heard at

Richmond of Chief-Justice Marshall, the head of the law courts of this country, frequently carrying home his dinner from market. He is a native of Richmond, and resides there when his court is not sitting. There is only one regular servant in this house, a married woman of colour. Yet the whole arrangement of the house is excellent, including provisions. Brandy and water, and excellent beer, or rather ale, are regularly upon the dining-table. The charge for boarding is five dollars and a-half a-week. We were treated in this boarding-house quite as members of the family, and in the whole course of our travels never met with worthier or kinder people.

Not long after we came to Hoboken, I was asked to dine with a friend at a boarding-house in New York, and finding, after I had crossed the ferry, that it was necessary for me to have the dust wiped off my shoes, I went into a shoe-black's apartment for that purpose, and there I found him and his wife, both persons of colour, (No. 32, Lennard Street,) at dinner, consisting of one of the fattest roast geese I had ever seen, with potatoes, and apple-pie.

After we came to Hoboken, we frequently went on Sunday to the Dutch Congregational Church of Mr Taylor at Bergen, about two miles from Hoboken,

Mr Taylor is an excellent preacher, and his congregation very respectable, both in point of numbers and appearance. Nothing was peculiar in the mode of worship, but that before the commencement of the service the commandments were read by the clerk or precentor.

No people are more respected for honesty and uprightness of character than the Americans of Dutch extraction; but they are not reckoned so enterprising as the other classes of the inhabitants. There are individuals in this country even now who can hardly speak a word of English; and Mr Taylor, and all the clergymen of the Dutch congregations in this neighbourhood, preach, at certain times, in the Dutch language. There is quite a preponderating number of Dutch on this part of the coast of New Jersey opposite to New York. I had several opportunities of seeing, at Mr Van Boskerck's house, an old gentleman of seventy-five, Mr Sobriski, who, though he knows a little English, will hardly condescend to speak it. He is proprietor of 500 or 600 acres of very fine land, which grow most beautiful apples, of which I again and again partook. This gentleman, although at an advanced period of life, and in the easiest circumstances possible, engages in no transaction which can seriously affect his property, and cares as much as he ever did for preserving his character as a prudent saving man in money matters. He never trusts a bank. He cannot avoid receiving banknotes in payment for the produce of his lands, but he loses no time in exchanging them for silver, either with

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his neighbours, or at the bank. He is almost the only person I met in the United States who prefers walking on foot to riding in a carriage, or on horseback, on account of its expence.

Sometimes, when the day was particularly fine, we went to New York to church, and heard several of the clergymen whose names are known to the public, Mr Berrian, of the Episcopal Church; Dr Wainwright, Dr Spring, Dr Snodgrass, and Mr Mason, of the Presbyterian; Dr Macleod, of the Reformed Presbyterian; Mr Cone and Mr Maclay, of the Baptist; Mr Power, of the Roman Catholic; and I was also twice at Methodist meetings, without, I find, having noted the names of the clergymen. There seemed to me nowhere any essential difference in the forms of worship between this country and Great Britain. The doctrine preached seemed to me more Calvinistic, or orthodox, and the clergy not more zealous, certainly, than very many clergymen in all parts of the British islands; but as a body, far more zealous and earnest, and devoting far more of their time to their religious duties than the clergy in Great Britain, especially the regular clergy do.

It is impossible not in some degree to ascribe their greater devotedness to their profession, to their being unconnected with the state, and to their being dependant for their provisions upon their fellow-men. Cases do sometimes occur, where that dependence subjects clergymen in the United States to arbitrary measures. on the part of their congregation; but, as far as I could

learn, such cases are not of frequent occurrence,—certainly not to be compared, in number, with those which every day take place in Britain, where the clergyman maintains his situation as pastor of a congregation after he has proved himself totally unfit for the charge. I am thoroughly persuaded that there is not the slightest foundation for thinking, that, in the populous part of the United States, the people are more liable to the charge of fanaticism, or religious enthusiasm, than in Britain. I suspect that those who have given currency to such a notion, although they may have been accustomed to attend church regularly when they were at home, had never been in the habit of attending the churches of the various dissenting sects in Britain, and have formed their notion of a church upon the model to which long custom has habituated them. It would be invidious to make any comparison of the talents of such of the New York clergy as I heard preach. I can very truly say, that one and all of them seemed to me to be possessed of respectable abilities and acquirements. Mr Cone's church was the most crowded of all the churches of New York that I saw. Indeed, it was the only church in the United States in which I had any difficulty in finding a seat at once; but the tide of Mr Cone's popularity was so great when I heard him, that the regular sitters were in some degree tenacious of their rights. Mr Cone was formerly an actor; and he escaped, providentially, the conflagration of the Richmond Theatre, when a vast number of lives were lost, some years ago. He is certainly an eloquent person. Mr Power is an

Irishman. The sermon which I heard him preach was for a public charity; and, equally good in matter and manner, impressively and eloquently delivered.

There is a much longer interval between the morning and afternoon service at church in New York and Philadelphia, and all over that part of the country where I have been, than in Britain. The afternoon service does not generally commence until three o'clock; and the people universally, or almost universally, dine before the afternoon service.

I have already mentioned, that, in travelling through the country, grace was never said, even before dinner, at the public table; but here, at a private boardinghouse, it was regularly said, both before breakfast and before dinner; and, what was quite new, both the landlord and landlady, Mr and Mrs Van Boskerck, repeated the words together. The people here generally are Dutch Congregationalists.

At New York females are far more employed than persons of the other sex in making men's clothes. Women are not allowed to work out of doors, and work within doors must be found for them. There is never any want of work for men as labourers, or as tradesmen. I was acquainted with one gentleman, Mr Rowe, at New York, who has a great establishment at New Orleans, and, on account of the higher rate of wages at New Orleans, he constantly employs at New York six or eight men to cut out clothes, and 200 or 300 tailoresses to make them up.

New-year's-day, 1830, took place while we were at