ness of such assertion. "Expected grievances" indeed! He knows what vital interests were menaced, what attacks had been made and were preparing against them. It is certainly true, as Judge Story lays it down, that in the General Convention of 1787 there was no reservation of any right on the part of any state to dissolve its connection, or to abrogate its dissent, or to suspend the operation of the constitution as to itself; but the language of Virginia was explicit. "The powers granted under the constitution, being derived from the people of the United States, may be resumed by them whenever the same shall be perverted to their injury and oppression." There are times and there are occasions, when, in self-defence and in self-preservation, men appeal to higher laws than are to be found in the statute book, and the Southern States affirm that such a time has come, such an occasion has arisen, and they may be sure Englishmen are the last people in the civilised world to deny their appeal. They know that the oft-repeated assertion, "that the Republican party, in determining to set bounds to the extension of slavery, had no designs, secret or avowed, against slavery within the States," is a patent, palpable, and wicked lie; and "the noble and generous desire of all parties in the Free

States to vindicate the sullied honour of their flag" is mere bunkum, to get him the loaves and fishes which we see Mr. Motley has posted off to Washington to secure.

Let us now turn to a far different controversialist, Mr. Helper, the author of the " Land of Gold," and the refugee from Raleigh, North Carolina, under circumstances which he would do well to atone by repaying his employer, the bookseller, the 300 dollars of his he took by mistake. This gentleman's appeal to civilised nations runs thus: "Too long have we yielded a submissive obedience to the tyrannical domination of an inflated oligarchy, too long have we tolerated their arrogance and selfconceit, their unjust and savage exactions. Let us now wrest from them the sceptre of power, and establish liberty and equal rights throughout the land." Brave words, Mr. Helper! His oligarchy are the "knights of the whip and the lash," "haughty cavaliers of shackles and handcuffs," whose "demagogical manoeuvrings," "tricks of legerdemain," "nonsensical ravings," "incoherent and truth-murdering declamations," are "basely duping, adroitly swindling, and damnably outraging the poor," "so that the South, wofully inert and inventionless, has lagged behind the North, and lies weltering in the cesspool

of ignorance and degradation," he evidences by recounting a long list of Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Judges of the Supreme Court, Secretaries of State, Speakers of the House of Representatives, AttorneyGenerals, and other dignitaries, under whose beneficent and judicious rule the United States has achieved the marvellous greatness of her empire. These gentlemen, in a most Christian spirit, he proposes, "as a reasonable expiation for the countless evils which they have inflicted on society, to clothe themselves in sackcloth, and, after a suitable season of contrition and severe penance, follow the example of one Judas Iscariot, and go and hang themselves." We might afford to leave Mr. Helper to the indignation and scorn of those unfortunate enough to be compelled to read 413 pages of such a work, but there are others in high places and seemingly honoured in the North, who not only indorse this Helper's views, but have recorded their approbation in solemn language before the Houses of Assembly and before the face of Europe, William Lloyd Garrison proposed on July 4th, 1856, "to register

pledge before heaven to do what within him lay to effect the eternal overthrow of the blood-stained Union." Horace Greely, "better that the capital itself should blaze by the torch of the incendiary, or fall and bury all beneath its crumbling ruins, than

to cease from agitation.' Is this the spirit, Mr. Greely, in which you propose to carry on the Tribune, of which you are the Government organ? in the way which, last month, you proposed the simultaneous attack on Canada by a United North and South? Joshua R. Giddings "looked forward to the day when the torch of the incendiary shall light up the towns and cities of the South, which he should hail as the dawn of a political millennium." These, Mr. Giddings, are the "expected grievances" for which, we presume, your friend Mr. Motley suggests other remedies. N. P. Banks, now Major-General of the Federal army, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and late Governor of Massachusetts, is willing "to let the Union slide." Rufus B. Spaulding "is for dissolution, and cares not how soon it comes." Horace Mann is "for abolition, if it should send all the party organisations in the Union, or the Union itself, to the devil." Erastus Hopkins, "where ballots are useless would make ballots effective;" and General Watson Webb, now Minister to Brazil, in the convention that nominated Fremont for the Presidency, amid tremendous applause propounded, "that republicans should force back the slaveocracy with fire and the sword." Such sentiments from such men need no comment from me.

The latest writer on this question is Thomas Ellison, of whose views and calm serenity of style the following pasage is a fair specimen :—

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Every attempt to restore peace to the Union by means of congressional action failed. The treasonable, high-handed, and most unreasonable attitude of the secession disgusted every moderate and sensible man in Congress, and consequently the majority in both Houses were indisposed to conciliation, or anything akin to it.* The South will receive a wholesome lesson in civilised morality, in the shape of thorough castigation. It may bluster and threaten and fume, but its paroxysms would only add to its own suffering-it will sink into almost unfathomable debt, and lose the sympathy of all Christendom, except as a repentant." Kind prophecy this, but not borne out as yet. Again, "Mr. Davis's Message was a mere rehash of what was said before. It is remarkable more for what it does not than for what it does say. It ignores the real cause of the crisis, and endeavours to throw all the blame on the shoulders of the Federal Government, whereas, if the Government has sinned at all, it has been in being

* But they seized the occasion to pass the Protectionist Morill Tariff!