books are to be read only in parts; others to be read but not curiously; and fome few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that fhould be only in the lefs important arguments, and the meaner forts of books; elfe diftilled books are like common diftilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a prefent wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to feem to know that he doth not.

BACON.

CHAP. X.

ON SATIRICAL WIT.

-TRUST me, this unwary pleafantry of thine will fooner or later bring thee into fcrapes and difficulties, which no after wit can extricate thee out of. In these fallies, too oft I fee, it happens, that the perfon laughed at confiders himself in the light of a perfon injured, with all the rights of fuch a fituation belonging to him; and when thou vieweft him in that light too, and reckoneft upon his friends, his family, his kindred and allies, and muftereft up with them the many recruits which will lift under him from a fense of common danger; 'tis no extravagant arithmetic to fay, that for every ten jokes, thou haft got an hundred enemies; and, till thou haft gone on, and raised a swarm of wafps about thine ears, and art half ftung to death by them, thou wilt never be convinced it is fo.

I CANNOT fufpect it in the man whom I efteem, that there is the least spur from spleen or malevolence of intent in thefe fallies. I believe and know them to be truly honeft and sportive; but confider, that fools cannot diftinguish

this, and that knaves will not; and thou knoweft not what it is, either to provoke the one, or to make merry with the other; whenever they affociate for mutual defence, depend upon it they will carry on the war in such a manner against thee, my dear friend, as to make thee heartily fick of it, and of thy life too.

REVENGE from fome baneful corner fhall level a tale of dishonour at thee, which no innocence of heart or integrity of conduct fhall fet right. The fortunes of thy house shall totter thy character, which led the way to them, shall bleed on every fide of it-thy faith queftioned-thy works belied-thy wit forgotten-thy learning trampled on. To wind up the last scene of thy tragedy, CRUELTY and CowARDICE, twin ruffians, hired and fet on by MALICE in the dark, shall strike together at all thy infirmities and mistakes; the best of us, my friend, lie open there, and trust mewhen to gratify a private appetite, it is once refolved upon, that an innocent and an helpless creature shall be facrificed, it is an eafy matter to pick up fticks enough from any thicket where it has ftrayed, to make a fire to offer it up with. STERNE.

CHAP. XI.

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PLAYERS.

SPEAK the fpeech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lieve the town crier had spoke my lines. And do not faw the air too much with your hand thus; but ufe all gently; for in the very torrent, tempeft, and, as I may fay, whirlwind of your paffion, you must acquire and beget a temperance that may give it smoothnefs. Oh! it offends me to the foul, to hear a robuftious perriwig-pated fellow tear a paffion to tatters, to very rags,

to

to split the ears of the groundlings; who (for the most part) are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb fhews and noife: I would have fuch a fellow whipp'd for o'erdoing termagant; it out-herods Herod, Pray you, avoid it.

BE not too tame neither; but let your own difcretion be your tutor. Suit the action to the word, the word to the action, with this fpecial obfervance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for any thing fo overdone is from the purpose of playing; whofe end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to fhew virtue her own feature, fcorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now this overdone or come tardy of, though it make the unskilful laugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve: the censure of one of which must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theatre of others. Oh! there be players that I have feen play, and heard others praise, and that highly, (not to speak it profanely) that, neither having the accent of Chriftian, nor the gait of Chriftian, Pagan, nor man, have so ftrutted and bellowed, that I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made them, and not made them well, they imitated humanity fo abominably.

AND let thofe that play your clowns, speak no more than is fet down for them: for there be of them that will them felves laugh, to fet on fome quantity of barren spectators to laugh too; though, in the mean time, fome neceffary queftion of the play be then to be confidered:—that's villainous : and fhews a moft pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. SHAKESPEARE.

CHAP. XII.

THE PRESENT CONDITION OF MAN

VINDICATED.

HEAV'N from all creatures hides the book of Fate,

All but the page prefcrib'd, their present state:

From

From brutes what men, from men what spirits know,

Or who could fuffer being here below?

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reafon, would he skip and play?
Pleas'd to the laft, he crops the flow'ry food,
And licks the hand juft rais'd to fhed his blood.
Oh blindness to the future! kindly given,
That each may fill the circle mark'd by Heav'n;
Who fees with equal eye, as God of all,
A hero perish, or a sparrow fall;
Atoms or systems into ruin hurl'd,

And now a bubble burst, and now a world.

Hope humbly then, with trembling pinions foar ;
Wait the great teacher, Death; and God adore.
What future blifs, he gives not thee to know,
But gives that Hope to be thy blessing now.
Hope fprings eternal in the human breast;
Man never IS, but always TO be blest :
The foul, uneafy and confin'd from home,
Refts and expatiates in a life to come.

Lo, the poor Indian! whofe untutor❜d mind
Sees God in clouds, and hears him in the wind ;
His foul proud Science never taught to stray
Far as the folar walk, or milky way;
Yet fimple Nature to his hope has given,
Behind the cloud-topt hill, an humbler heav'n;
Some fafer world in depth of woods embrac'd,
Some happier island in the wat'ry waste,
Where flaves once more their native land behold,
No fiends torment, nor Christians thirst for gold.
To Be, contents his natural defire,

He afks no Angel's wing, no Seraph's fire :
But thinks, admitted to that equal sky,
His faithful dog fhall bear him company.

Go,

Go, wiser thou! and in thy fcale of sense,
Weigh thy Opinion against Providence ;
Call imperfection what thou fanciest fuch,
Say, here he gives too little, there too much :
Destroy all creatures for thy fport or guft,
Yet cry, if Man's unhappy, God's unjust;
If man alone ingrofs not Heav'n's high care,
Alone made perfect here, immortal there :'
Snatch from his hand the balance and the rod,
Re-judge his juftice, be the God of GOD..
In Pride, in reas'ning Pride, our error lies;
All quit their sphere, and rufh into the fkies.
Pride ftill is aiming at the bleft abodes,
Men would be Angels, Angels would be Gods.
Afpiring to be Gods, if Angels fell,
Afpiring to be Angels, Men rebel:
And who but wishes to invert the laws
Of ORDER, fins against th' Eternal Caufe.

CHAP. XIII.

РОРЕ.

ON THE ORDER OF NATURE.

SEE thro' this air, this ocean, and this earth,
All matter quick, and bursting into birth.
Above, how high progreffive life may go !
Around, how wide! how deep extend below!
Vaft chain of Being! which from God began,
Nature ethereal, human; angel, man;
Beaft, bird, fish, infect, what no eye can fee,
No glass can reach; from Infinite to thee,
From thee to Nothing.-On fuperior powers
Were we to press, inferior might on ours:
Or in the full creation leave a void,
Where one step broken, the great fcale's deftroy'd:
From nature's chain whatever link you ftrike,
Tenth or ten thousandth, breaks the chain alike.

And,